Culwell, Donald E.

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 34 Article 331980Remnant Prairie in Faulkner County, Arkansas?Donald E. CulwellUniversity of Central ArkansasFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Botany CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationCulwell, Donald E. (1980) "Remnant Prairie in Faulkner County, Arkansas?," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 34 ,Article 33.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/33Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980 107General NotesIn this particular application, the calculator chip along with its associated display circuitry was used to perform required mathematicalmanipulation and to drive the L.E.D. display.The application discussed here isonlyone of the large variety of applications in which a limited computing and control capability is useful.One might consider the use ofa calculator chip inplace of a microprocessor whenever the application requires principally the calculating powerof the chip rather than the control power inherent ina microprocessor system. As a bonus the display driving capabilities are available for out-putting the processed information. The display output also may be used forcontrol purposes ifdesired.JEFFREY O. COHEN and HALE. McLOUD, Department ofMathematics and Physics, Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas72467.REMNANT PRAIRIE INFAULKNER COUNTY, ARKANSAS?Before white man came to Arkansas, several areas of the state supported large tallgrass ecosystems. The largest of these was the GrandPrairie, located north of the lower half of the Arkansas River;inother parts of the state smaller prairies existed. The Grand Prairie is estimated tohave covered one-half to three-quarters ofa million acres wellpast 1900 (Arkansas Department of Planning, Arkansas Natural Area Plan, LittleRock, 247 pp., 1974; Irvingand Brenholts, An Ecological Reconnaissance of the Roth and Konecny Prairies, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commis-sion, 50 pp., 1977). Today, the tallgrass prairie remnants can be found in Arkansas counties designated inFigure 1.Noprairie remnants have beendocumented in Faulkner County. This major, distinct ecosystem largely has disappeared from the landscape due to cultivation and other activitiesofman, so much so that it has become important to identify any remaining prairie of highquality forpreservation.Figure 1. Arkansas counties where there are extant, tallgrass prairie remnantsKOn the southern edge of Conway adjacent to industrial development lies an 18-20 acre open field owned byFrank Henze where a large pop-n of Castillo ja coccinea flowers each spring. C. coccinea is a species that typifies remnant areas of prairie in Arkansas (Ark.Dept. of Plan-1974); this species should be considered rare and endangered in the state. According to the owner, several acres of the Henze property beingd have notbeen under cultivation forat least 40 years; the sole maintenance of this land has been an annual, fallmowing forhay. Anumberlection trips were made to the Henze property between mid-Apriland early November, 1979. Plants were collected, processed and filed indiversity ofCentral Arkansas Vascular Plant Herbarium. Since the central portion of this fieldhas been cultivated, plants from the obviouslybed areas were notcollected.IPlants that are commonly found in and indicative of areas of remnant prairie (Ark.Dept. of Planning,1974; Irving and Brenholts, 1977;er,North American Prairie, 348 pp., 1954; BillShepard, pers. comm. ) that were collected from the Henze prairie are: Andropogon ternar-plit-Beard Bluestem; Andropogon gerardi. Big Bluestem; Andropogon virginicus, Broomsedge; Sorghastrum avenaceum, Indian Grass;s pycnostachya, Blazing Star; Eryngium yuccifolium. Rattlesnake Master; Buchnera americana, Blue Hearts; and Castilleja coccinea,n Paintbrush (see List of Species Collected). Weaver (1954) indicates that the presence of BigBluestem and Indian Grass (whichare found- Henze property) suggests that a piece of land is a remnant of the tallgrass prairie which grew inareas that were more moist. He further sug-that Little Bluestem (Andropogon scoparius) is usually found on better drained soils, which may help account for its absence on the HenzeTty. The annual fallmowing forhay may also retard or eliminate such expected species. Anumber of species were likelypresent but notcol-Idue to staggered collecting trips. Should this field be remnant prairie, it does not appear to be in prime condition (BillShepard, pers.i. ),107Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 33Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1980108 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980Arkansas Academy of ScienceLIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED (Nomenclature is largely in accordance withSmith, AnAtlas and Annotated List ofVascular Plants of Arkaj.sas, University ofArkansas at Payetteville, 592 pp., 1978.)ApiaceaeEryngium yuccifolium Michx. Rattlesnake MasterAsclepiadaceaeAsclepias hirlella (Pennell) Woodson MilkweedAsteraceaeAster pilosus Willd. White Heath AsterBoltonia diffusa Ell.Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. TickseedEupatorium rotundifolium L.Helianthus angustifolius L. SunflowerHeterotheca graminifolia (Michx.)Shinners Grass-leavedGolden AsterHieracium longipilumTorr.Lactuca canadensis L. Wild LettuceLiatris pycnostachya Michx. Blazing StarPyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.)D.C. False DandelionRudbeckia hirta L. Black-eyed SusanSenecio tomentosus Michx.Solidago canadensis L. GoldenrodSolidago leptocephala T.&G. GoldenrodSolidago nemoralis Ait. OldField GoldenrodSolidago rugosa Ait. Rough-leaved GoldenrodVernonia missurica Raf. IronweedCampanulaceaeLobelia puberula Michx. var. mineolana E. Wimm. BigBlueLobeliaConvolvulaceaeCuscuta cuspidata Engelm. DodderCyperaceaeCyperus ovularis (Michx.)Torr. Hedgehog Club RushCyperus strigosus L.Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.)Schultes var. verrucosa SvensonRhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) SmallEuphorbiaceaeCrotonopsis elliptica Willd.Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering SpurgeFabaceaeCassia fasciculata Michx. Partridge PeaDesmodium ciliare (Muhl.)D.C. Begger's LiceLespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G.Don Sericea LespedezaLespedeza repens (L.)Bart. Creeping Bush CloverLespedeza striata (Thunb.) H.&A. Japanese LespedezaStrophostyles umbellata (Willd.)Britt.Stylosanthes biflora (L.)B.S.P. Pencil FlowerTephrosia virginiana (L.)Pers. Goat's RueHypericaceaeHypericum drummondii (Grev. &Hook.) T.&G. Nits-and-liceJuncaceaeJuncus marginatus Rostk.LamiaceaePrunella vulgaris L. Self-healPycnanthemum muticum (Michx.)Pers. Mountain MintPycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. Slender Mountain MintMelastomataceaeRhexia mariana L. Meadow BeautyOrchidaceaeSpiranthes cernua (L.)Richard Common Ladies' TressesPlantaginaceaePlantago virginicaL. Hoary PlantainPoaceaeAndropogon gerardi Vitman BigBluest emAndropogon ternarius Michx. Split-beard BluestemAndropogon virginicusL. BroomsedgePanicum anceps Michx. Beaked PanicumPanicum scoparium Lam. Velvet PanicPaspalum floridanum Michx. Florida PaspalumPaspalum laeve Michx. Field PaspalumSetaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. Knotroot BristlegrassSorghastrum avenaceum (Michx.)Nash Indian Grass7"nrfcnj/7avuj(L.)Hitchc. PurpletopTridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash Longspike TridensPolygalaceaePolygala sanguinea L. MilkwortPolygonaceaeRumex acetosella L. Sheep SorrelRubiaceaeDiodia teres Walt. Rough ButtonweedHedyotis caerulea (L.)Hook BluetsScrophulariaceaeBacopa acuminata (Walt.)Robins. Water HyssopBuchnera americana L. Blue HeartsCastilleja coccinea (L.)Spreng. Indian PaintbrushGerardia fasciculata Ell. GerardiaGerardia viridisSmallValerianaceaeValerianella radiata (L.)Dufr. Corn SaladViolaceaeViola sagittata Ait. Arrow-leaved VioletDONALD E. CULWELL,Dept. ofBiology, University ofCentral Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72032.A CONTINUATIONOF SPIDER RESEARCH INARKANSAS: GULF COASTAL PLAINSFor the past 13 years, research has been pursued concerning the spider fauna of Arkansas. Atthe present time, 233 species of spiders havebeen reported for Arkansas by Dorris (1972, 1977). This study revealed 235 species, 14 of which were new for the state. This is the second of aseries of studies which willinclude a total of six areas: Ozark Mountains, Arkansas River Valley, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain,Delta, and Crowleys Ridge. The first,included the Ouachita Mountain Area (Dorris, 1977), and this paper presents the spider fauna of the GulfCoastal Plains Area of Arkansas (Fig. 1). Eventually, when allareas are covered, the spider fauna of the entire state of Arkansas can be ascer-tained withrelation to distribution.Methods ofcollecting used inthe Gulf Coastal Plains Area were the same as those used inthe Ouachita Mountain Area (Dorris, 1977): (a)heavy dutysweep net to sweep grasses and heavy brush; (b) sieve to sift leaf litter; (c) hatchet for chopping bark offtrees; (d) hand picking frombushes, ground and olddwellings or other places; (3) mud-dauber nest collections to reveal paralyzed spiders captured by mud-daubers; and (f)night spot-lighting.The spiders collected were placed in screw cap bottles with70% ethyl alcohol. Afield book was kept to identifybottle numbers and checkstations and torecord other pertinent data.For complete coverage of the GulfCoastal Plains, check stations were established in the eastern, central, and western sections of the area(Fig. 1). These check stations were covered from July, 1978 through December, 1979 using all collecting methods. Each station was checked threeor more times to insure complete coverage.Names used are those employed by Comstock (1948), Kaston and Kaston (1953), and Gertsch (1949). The arrangement of specimens exam-ined is that ofKaston and Kaston (1953).108Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 33http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/33

Remnant Prairie in Faulkner County, Arkansas?

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 34 Article 33 1980 Remnant Prairie in Faulkner County, Arkansas? Donald E. Culwell University of Central Arkansas Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Culwell, Donald E. (1980) "Remnant Prairie in Faulkner County, Arkansas?," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 34 , Article 33. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/33 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980 107General NotesIn this particular application, the calculator chip along with its associated display circuitry was used to perform required mathematicalmanipulation and to drive the L.E.D. display.The application discussed here isonlyone of the large variety of applications in which a limited computing and control capability is useful.One might consider the use ofa calculator chip inplace of a microprocessor whenever the application requires principally the calculating powerof the chip rather than the control power inherent ina microprocessor system. As a bonus the display driving capabilities are available for out-putting the processed information. The display output also may be used forcontrol purposes ifdesired.JEFFREY O. COHEN and HALE. McLOUD, Department ofMathematics and Physics, Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas72467.REMNANT PRAIRIE INFAULKNER COUNTY, ARKANSAS?Before white man came to Arkansas, several areas of the state supported large tallgrass ecosystems. The largest of these was the GrandPrairie, located north of the lower half of the Arkansas River;inother parts of the state smaller prairies existed. The Grand Prairie is estimated tohave covered one-half to three-quarters ofa million acres wellpast 1900 (Arkansas Department of Planning, Arkansas Natural Area Plan, LittleRock, 247 pp., 1974; Irvingand Brenholts, An Ecological Reconnaissance of the Roth and Konecny Prairies, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commis-sion, 50 pp., 1977). Today, the tallgrass prairie remnants can be found in Arkansas counties designated inFigure 1.Noprairie remnants have beendocumented in Faulkner County. This major, distinct ecosystem largely has disappeared from the landscape due to cultivation and other activitiesofman, so much so that it has become important to identify any remaining prairie of highquality forpreservation.Figure 1. Arkansas counties where there are extant, tallgrass prairie remnantsKOnthe southern edge of Conway adjacent to industrial development lies an 18-20 acre open field owned byFrank Henze where a large pop-n of Castillo ja coccinea flowers each spring. C. coccinea is a species that typifies remnant areas of prairie in Arkansas (Ark.Dept. of Plan-1974); this species should be considered rare and endangered in the state. According to the owner, several acres of the Henze property beingd have notbeen under cultivation forat least 40 years; the sole maintenance of this land has been an annual, fallmowing forhay. Anumberlection trips were made to the Henze property between mid-Apriland early November, 1979. Plants were collected, processed and filed indiversity ofCentral Arkansas Vascular Plant Herbarium. Since the central portion of this fieldhas been cultivated, plants from the obviouslybed areas were notcollected.IPlants that are commonly found in and indicative of areas of remnant prairie (Ark.Dept. of Planning, 1974; Irving and Brenholts, 1977;er,North American Prairie, 348 pp., 1954; BillShepard, pers. comm. ) that were collected from the Henze prairie are: Andropogon ternar-plit-Beard Bluestem; Andropogon gerardi. Big Bluestem; Andropogon virginicus, Broomsedge; Sorghastrum avenaceum, Indian Grass;s pycnostachya, Blazing Star; Eryngium yuccifolium. Rattlesnake Master; Buchnera americana, Blue Hearts; and Castilleja coccinea,n Paintbrush (see List of Species Collected). Weaver (1954) indicates that the presence of BigBluestem and Indian Grass (whichare found- Henze property) suggests that a piece of land is a remnant of the tallgrass prairie which grew inareas that were more moist. He further sug-that Little Bluestem (Andropogon scoparius) is usually found on better drained soils, which may help account for its absence on the HenzeTty. The annual fallmowing forhay may also retard or eliminate such expected species. Anumber of species were likelypresent but notcol-Idue to staggered collecting trips. Should this field be remnant prairie, it does not appear to be in prime condition (BillShepard, pers.i. ),107Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 33Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1980108 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980Arkansas Academy of ScienceLIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED (Nomenclature is largely in accordance withSmith, AnAtlas and Annotated List ofVascular Plants of Arkaj.sas, University ofArkansas at Payetteville, 592 pp., 1978.)ApiaceaeEryngium yuccifolium Michx. Rattlesnake MasterAsclepiadaceaeAsclepias hirlella (Pennell) Woodson MilkweedAsteraceaeAster pilosus Willd. White Heath AsterBoltonia diffusa Ell.Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. TickseedEupatorium rotundifolium L.Helianthus angustifolius L. SunflowerHeterotheca graminifolia (Michx.)Shinners Grass-leavedGolden AsterHieracium longipilumTorr.Lactuca canadensis L. Wild LettuceLiatris pycnostachya Michx. Blazing StarPyrrhopappus carolinianus (Walt.)D.C. False DandelionRudbeckia hirta L. Black-eyed SusanSenecio tomentosus Michx.Solidago canadensis L. GoldenrodSolidago leptocephala T.&G. GoldenrodSolidago nemoralis Ait. OldField GoldenrodSolidago rugosa Ait. Rough-leaved GoldenrodVernonia missurica Raf. IronweedCampanulaceaeLobelia puberula Michx. var. mineolana E. Wimm. BigBlueLobeliaConvolvulaceaeCuscuta cuspidata Engelm. DodderCyperaceaeCyperus ovularis (Michx.)Torr. Hedgehog Club RushCyperus strigosus L.Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.)Schultes var. verrucosa SvensonRhynchospora globularis (Chapm.) SmallEuphorbiaceaeCrotonopsis elliptica Willd.Euphorbia corollata L. Flowering SpurgeFabaceaeCassia fasciculata Michx. Partridge PeaDesmodium ciliare (Muhl.)D.C. Begger's LiceLespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G.Don Sericea LespedezaLespedeza repens (L.)Bart. Creeping Bush CloverLespedeza striata (Thunb.) H.&A. Japanese LespedezaStrophostyles umbellata (Willd.)Britt.Stylosanthes biflora (L.)B.S.P. Pencil FlowerTephrosia virginiana (L.)Pers. Goat's RueHypericaceaeHypericum drummondii (Grev. &Hook.) T.&G. Nits-and-liceJuncaceaeJuncus marginatus Rostk.LamiaceaePrunella vulgaris L. Self-healPycnanthemum muticum (Michx.)Pers. Mountain MintPycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. Slender Mountain MintMelastomataceaeRhexia mariana L. Meadow BeautyOrchidaceaeSpiranthes cernua (L.)Richard Common Ladies' TressesPlantaginaceaePlantago virginicaL. Hoary PlantainPoaceaeAndropogon gerardi Vitman BigBluest emAndropogon ternarius Michx. Split-beard BluestemAndropogon virginicusL. BroomsedgePanicum anceps Michx. Beaked PanicumPanicum scoparium Lam. Velvet PanicPaspalum floridanum Michx. Florida PaspalumPaspalum laeve Michx. Field PaspalumSetaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv. Knotroot BristlegrassSorghastrum avenaceum (Michx.)Nash Indian Grass7"nrfcnj/7avuj(L.)Hitchc. PurpletopTridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash Longspike TridensPolygalaceaePolygala sanguinea L. MilkwortPolygonaceaeRumex acetosella L. Sheep SorrelRubiaceaeDiodia teres Walt. Rough ButtonweedHedyotis caerulea (L.)Hook BluetsScrophulariaceaeBacopa acuminata (Walt.)Robins. Water HyssopBuchnera americana L. Blue HeartsCastilleja coccinea (L.)Spreng. Indian PaintbrushGerardia fasciculata Ell. GerardiaGerardia viridisSmallValerianaceaeValerianella radiata (L.)Dufr. Corn SaladViolaceaeViola sagittata Ait. Arrow-leaved VioletDONALD E. CULWELL,Dept. ofBiology, University ofCentral Arkansas, Conway, Arkansas 72032.A CONTINUATIONOF SPIDER RESEARCH INARKANSAS: GULF COASTAL PLAINSFor the past 13 years, research has been pursued concerning the spider fauna of Arkansas. Atthe present time, 233 species of spiders havebeen reported for Arkansas by Dorris (1972, 1977). This study revealed 235 species, 14 of which were new for the state. This is the second of aseries of studies which willinclude a total of six areas: Ozark Mountains, Arkansas River Valley, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain,Delta, and Crowleys Ridge. The first,included the Ouachita Mountain Area (Dorris, 1977), and this paper presents the spider fauna of the GulfCoastal Plains Area of Arkansas (Fig. 1). Eventually, when allareas are covered, the spider fauna of the entire state of Arkansas can be ascer-tained withrelation to distribution.Methods ofcollecting used inthe Gulf Coastal Plains Area were the same as those used inthe Ouachita Mountain Area (Dorris, 1977): (a)heavy dutysweep net to sweep grasses and heavy brush; (b) sieve to sift leaf litter; (c) hatchet for chopping bark offtrees; (d) hand picking frombushes, ground and olddwellings or other places; (3) mud-dauber nest collections to reveal paralyzed spiders captured by mud-daubers; and (f)night spot-lighting.The spiders collected were placed in screw cap bottles with70% ethyl alcohol. Afield book was kept to identifybottle numbers and checkstations and torecord other pertinent data.For complete coverage of the GulfCoastal Plains, check stations were established in the eastern, central, and western sections of the area(Fig. 1). These check stations were covered from July, 1978 through December, 1979 using all collecting methods. Each station was checked threeor more times to insure complete coverage.Names used are those employed by Comstock (1948), Kaston and Kaston (1953), and Gertsch (1949). The arrangement of specimens exam-ined is that ofKaston and Kaston (1953).108Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 33https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/33

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Remnant Prairie in Faulkner County, Arkansas?

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