Brown, Arthur V.

Gordon, Mark E.

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 34 Article 361980Significant Additions to the Molluscan Fauna of theIllinois River, ArkansasMark E. GordonUniversity of Arkansas, FayettevilleArthur V. BrownUniversity of Arkansas, FayettevilleFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationGordon, Mark E. and Brown, Arthur V. (1980) "Significant Additions to the Molluscan Fauna of the Illinois River, Arkansas," Journal ofthe Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 34 , Article 36.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/36¦Ii'fArkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980113Table 3. Habitat Skunk Killed Table 4. Timeof Day Skunk KilledHABITAJ__ 1977 1978 lj)79 TOTAL TIME 1977 1978 1979 TOTALWoodland 3(8)] 20(14) 51(13) 74(13) 6:00-12:00 A.M. 19(58)]44(42) 131(48) 194(47)Open Field or Pasture 3(8) 20(14) 68(17) 91(16) 12:00-6:00 P.M. 6(18) 29(28) 81(29) 116(28)Buildings in Country 17(71) 88(61) 199(51) 314(55) 6:00-12:00 P.M. 5(15) 15(15) 35(13) 55(14)Inside City Limits 4(10) 10(7) 29(8) 43(8) 12:00-6:00 A.M. 3(9) 15(15) 28(10) 46(11)Along Railroad 0(0) 0(0) 15(4) 15(3)Edge of Water Source 1(3) 5(4) 25(7) 31(5)1-Parenthesis indicate percentage 1 - Parenthesis indicate percentageWhile these data are based on observations made by untrained persons, we feel that they are consistent enough to draw the followingpro-file: the rabid skunk coming in contact withhumans generally willbe solitary, aggressive or unafraid and found around buildings inthe countryduring the daylight hours (usually inthe morning). Since over 85% ofskunks tested by the Arkansas Department ofHealth are positive forrabies,90% of the total cases of rabies are attributable to skunks and because of the epidemic ofskunk rabies, any skunk seen during daylight hours inArkansas should be assumed rabid and treated accordingly. Also, Parker (1962. Proc. U.S. Livestock Sanit. Assoc. 65:273-280) stated that inareaswhere rabies inskunks isprevalent, sighting a skunk during daylight hours is "reasonable grounds to suspect the animal of being infected with thedisease." The characteristics outlined herein demonstrate the effectiveness of the skunk as a perpetuator and disseminator ofrabies.DALE V.FERGUSON and GARYA.HEIDT, Dept. ofBiology,University ofArkansas atLittleRock. LittleRock, Arkansas 72204.SIGNIFICANT ADDITIONS TO THE MOLLUSCANFAUNA OF THE ILLINOISRIVER, ARKANSASInGordon et al. (1980a), the molluscan fauna of the Illinois River in northwestern Arkansas was described. Thirty-nine taxa were listed.This faunal assemblage was compared toBranson (1967), the onlyother available report on the molluscan fauna of an Ozarkian west slope drain-age, and some aspects of the local distribution of species endemic to the Interior Highlands were discussed. The distribution and identification ofendemic forms and the Arkansas unionacean fauna have been further discussed in Gordon et al. (1980b). During the past year, additional sampleswere collected from the Illinois River and west slope drainages inMissouri (tributaries of the Neosho River). Methods were previously described(Gordon et al. 1980a).Fusconaia ozarkensis (Call) and Pisidium fallax Sterki have been identified from the Illinois River. Additionally, F. ozarkensis isreportedfor the first time from Kansas (Spring River), and the Kansan records of Call (1885-1887) and Scammon (1906) are confirmed for Actinonaiasellipsiformis ellipsiformis (Conrad) (see Murray and Leonard, 1962) which appears tohave been recently misinterpreted as Villosa iris (Lea) bySchuster and DuBois (1979). Within the larger drainage systems of the west slope of the Ozark Plateaus, the unionid fauna appears to be fairlysimilar (Table 1).The Interior Highlands are composed of two separate geological assemblages whichhave been shown to possess a distinct endemic mollus-can fauna (van der Schalie and van der Schalie, 1950; Gordon et al. 1980b). Ofthe eight endemic taxa ofUnionidae, six are known to occur in theOzark Plateaus, four of these six are restricted to the Ozark Plateaus, and the other two are distributed throughout the region (Ptychobranchusoccidentalis [Conrad] and Cyprogenia aberti [Conrad]). The remaining two species, Arkansia wheeleri Ortmann and Walker and Villosa arkansas-ensis (Lea), are restricted to the Ouachita Mountains (Gordon et al. 1980b). Collections from the areas adjacent to the Illinois River have shownLampsitis reeveiana (Lea) and Actinonaias ellipsiformispleasii (Marsh) to be present inthe southern Ozarkian drainage of the White River but notthe west slope drainages represented by the Illinois,Elk, and Spring rivers. Likewise, L.rafinesqueana Frierson occurs throughout the west slopedrainages (Table 1)but notinthe White River.Fusconaia ozarkensis is common toboth the south and the west slope drainage systems.Three natural unionacean faunal subdivisions appear tobe present inthe Ozark Plateaus. The west slope fauna is typified by /¦'. ozarkensisand L. rafinesqueana. The fauna south of the Ozark Crest is composed ofF. ozarkensis, A. ellipsiformis pleasii. and L. reeveiana. North of theOzark Crest, the only endemic unionid isL.reeveiana. The overlap within these subdivisions and the presence of the two wide-spread species ill-ustrates the close affinityof the fauna.Further observations of the unionid fauna suggest some additional associations. Cyprogenia aberti is generally distributed throughout theInterior Highlands and west into Oklahoma and Kansas (Gordon et al. 1980b) and has been found throughout the Spring River system. For thesereasons, it is highlyprobable that C. aberti is present inthe IllinoisRiver, although itmay occur only downstream in Oklahoma. Similar distribu-tion patterns are reflected in the occurrence of several other species listed by Branson (1967) for the lower Spring River (see Table 1). Also,Alasmidonta marginata Say and/4, calceola (Lea)have been recorded from the Elk and Spring rivers (Table 1).They are known historically fromthe White River (Gordon et al. 1980b). Baker (1928) has noted a close distributional association between these two species of Alasmidonta. Thesmall size and habit of burrowing into the substrate byA.calceola make itdifficult to find(Utterback, 1915; Baker, 1928). Alasmidonta marginatawas found inthe Illinois River;therefore, itis postulated that A calceola also occurs inthe IllinoisRiver.tPisidium fallax generally has been considered a northern species. With exception of a single record from Alabama, it had not been foundhof the extent of maximum glaciation. Itspresence in the IllinoisRiver and several adjacent drainages represents a new regional record forspecies (Gordon et al. 1980c). These records and Wheeler's (1918) observations on the Ouachita Mountains molluscan assemblage illustrateneed for further study of the Sphaeriidae within the Interior Highlands. Pisidium fallax easily may be mistaken forP. casertanum orP.pressum. Itsdesignation as the "deceptive" (from the Latin,fallac)Pisidium appears tohave been appropriate.113Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 36Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1980\114 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980Table 1. Species of Unionidae from three drainage systems of the Ozark Plateaus west slope (compiled from Oesch, pers. comm. ;Buchanan,pers. comm.;Gordon et al. 1980a; and authors' personal collections). 1SPECIES ILLINOIS ELK SPRINGFusconaia flava X X XFusconaia ozarkensis X X XIMegalonaias gigantea'Xx IAmblema plicata XXQuadrula pustulosa X XX ixxX IQuadrula quadrula' XQuadrula metanevraQuadrula cylindrica XTritogonia verrucosa XCyclonaias tuberculata XPleurobema cordatum X X X IYEUiptio dilatatus X XLasmigona costata X X XAlasmidonta calceola X x ixxAlasmidonta marginata X XAnodonta grandis X Xx IxAnodonta imbecilis X XStrophitus undulatus X XPtychobranchus occidentalis X XCyprogenia aberti XActinonaias carinata X X XActinonaias ellipsiformis ellipsiformis X X XLeptodea fragilis XProptera purpurata X!xCarunculina parva X XCarunculina glans X XVillosa lienosa XLigumia subrostrata X XLampsilis radiata siliquoidea X XLampsilis rafinesqueana X X XLampsilis ovata X X X'Branson (1967) has notbeen included here due to sample locations in the lower Spring River. Similar locations have not yet been sampled in theIllinoisRiver or are inundated byGrand Lake (V the Cherokees inthe ElkRiver.Thisspecies appears tohave been introduced into an impoundment on a small tributary of the IllinoisRiver.We would like to express our appreciation to Mr.Alan C. Buchanan of the Missouri Department of Conservation,Columbia, Missouri, and Mr.D. Ronald Oesch, Glendale, Missouri, for information concerning their collections from theOzark west slope. The Kansas records forFusconaia ozarkensis and Actinonaias ellipsiformis ellipsiformis were identifiedfrom a collection (Spring River) made by Mr. Charles Cope, Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University,Wichita, Kansas.LITERATURE CITEDBAKER,F. C. 1928. The fresh water Mollusca of Wisconsin. Part II.Pelecypoda. Bull. Wise. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. 70:1-495.GORDON, M. E., G. L. MACKIE and A. V. BROWN. 1980c.Pisidium fallax (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) in the southwesternOzark Plateaus. Nautilus 94:120-121.BRANSON, B. A. 1967. A partial biological survey of the SpringRiver drainage in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. Part 1,Collecting sites, basic limnological data, and mollusks. Trans.Kans. Acad. Sci. 69:242-293.MURRAY,H.D.and A.B.LEONARD. 1962. Handbook of unionidmussles inKansas. Univ.Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc.Publ. 29:1-184.CALL,R.E. 1885-1887. Contributions to a knowledge of the fresh-water Mollusca of Kansas, I-VI.Bull. Washburn Coll. Lab. Nat.Hist. 1:48-51, 51-54,93-97, 115-123, 177-183; 2:11-25.SCAMMON, R. E. 1906. The Unionidae of Kansas, part 1. Univ.Kans. Sci. Bull. 3:279-373.SCHUSTER, G. A. and M. B. DuBOIS. 1979. Additional newrecords of freshwater mussles (Bivalvia: Unionidae) fromKansas. Tech. Publ. State Biol. Surv.Kans. 8:1-11.GORDON, M. E., A. V. BROWN and L.R. KRAEMER. 1980a.Mollusca of the Illinois River, Arkansas. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci.33:35-37.UTTERBACK,W. I.1915. The naiades of Missouri. Am. Midi.Nat.4:244-273.GORDON, M. E., L.R.KRAEMER and A. V. BROWN. 1980b.Unionacea of Arkansas: Historical review, checklist, and ob-servations on distributional patterns. Bull. Am. Malac. Un. for1979: 31-37.VANDER SCHALIE, H. and A.VAN DER SCHALIE. 1950. Themussels of the Mississippi River. Am. Midi.Nat. 44:448-466.WHEELER, H.E. 1918. The Mollusca of Clark County, Arkansas.Nautilus 31:109-125.MARKE. GORDONand ARTHUR V. BROWN. Department ofZoology, University of Arkansas-Fay etteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701*114Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 36http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/36

Significant Additions to the Molluscan Fauna of the Illinois River, Arkansas

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 34 Article 36 1980 Significant Additions to the Molluscan Fauna of the Illinois River, Arkansas Mark E. Gordon University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Arthur V. Brown University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Gordon, Mark E. and Brown, Arthur V. (1980) "Significant Additions to the Molluscan Fauna of the Illinois River, Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 34 , Article 36. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/36 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. ¦Ii'fArkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980113Table 3. Habitat Skunk Killed Table 4. Timeof Day Skunk KilledHABITAJ__ 1977 1978 lj)79 TOTAL TIME 1977 1978 1979 TOTALWoodland 3(8)] 20(14) 51(13) 74(13) 6:00-12:00 A.M. 19(58)]44(42) 131(48) 194(47)Open Field or Pasture 3(8) 20(14) 68(17) 91(16) 12:00-6:00 P.M. 6(18) 29(28) 81(29) 116(28)Buildings in Country 17(71) 88(61) 199(51) 314(55) 6:00-12:00 P.M. 5(15) 15(15) 35(13) 55(14)Inside City Limits 4(10) 10(7) 29(8) 43(8) 12:00-6:00 A.M. 3(9) 15(15) 28(10) 46(11)Along Railroad 0(0) 0(0) 15(4) 15(3)Edge of Water Source 1(3) 5(4) 25(7) 31(5)1-Parenthesis indicate percentage 1 - Parenthesis indicate percentageWhile these data are based on observations made by untrained persons, we feel that they are consistent enough to draw the followingpro-file: the rabid skunk coming in contact withhumans generally willbe solitary, aggressive or unafraid and found around buildings inthe countryduring the daylight hours (usually inthe morning). Since over 85% ofskunks tested by the Arkansas Department ofHealth are positive forrabies,90% of the total cases of rabies are attributable to skunks and because of the epidemic ofskunk rabies, any skunk seen during daylight hours inArkansas should be assumed rabid and treated accordingly. Also, Parker (1962. Proc. U.S. Livestock Sanit. Assoc. 65:273-280) stated that inareaswhere rabies inskunks isprevalent, sighting a skunk during daylight hours is "reasonable grounds to suspect the animal of being infected with thedisease." The characteristics outlined herein demonstrate the effectiveness of the skunk as a perpetuator and disseminator ofrabies.DALE V.FERGUSON and GARYA.HEIDT, Dept. ofBiology,University ofArkansas atLittleRock. LittleRock, Arkansas 72204.SIGNIFICANT ADDITIONS TO THE MOLLUSCANFAUNA OF THE ILLINOISRIVER, ARKANSASInGordon et al. (1980a), the molluscan fauna of the Illinois River in northwestern Arkansas was described. Thirty-nine taxa were listed.This faunal assemblage was compared toBranson (1967), the onlyother available report on the molluscan fauna of an Ozarkian west slope drain-age, and some aspects of the local distribution of species endemic to the Interior Highlands were discussed. The distribution and identification ofendemic forms and the Arkansas unionacean fauna have been further discussed in Gordon et al. (1980b). During the past year, additional sampleswere collected from the Illinois River and west slope drainages inMissouri (tributaries of the Neosho River). Methods were previously described(Gordon et al. 1980a).Fusconaia ozarkensis (Call) and Pisidium fallax Sterki have been identified from the Illinois River. Additionally, F. ozarkensis isreportedfor the first time from Kansas (Spring River), and the Kansan records of Call (1885-1887) and Scammon (1906) are confirmed for Actinonaiasellipsiformis ellipsiformis (Conrad) (see Murray and Leonard, 1962) which appears tohave been recently misinterpreted as Villosa iris (Lea) bySchuster and DuBois (1979). Within the larger drainage systems of the west slope of the Ozark Plateaus, the unionid fauna appears to be fairlysimilar (Table 1).The Interior Highlands are composed of two separate geological assemblages whichhave been shown to possess a distinct endemic mollus-can fauna (van der Schalie and van der Schalie, 1950; Gordon et al. 1980b). Ofthe eight endemic taxa ofUnionidae, six are known to occur in theOzark Plateaus, four of these six are restricted to the Ozark Plateaus, and the other two are distributed throughout the region (Ptychobranchusoccidentalis [Conrad] and Cyprogenia aberti [Conrad]). The remaining two species, Arkansia wheeleri Ortmann and Walker and Villosa arkansas-ensis (Lea), are restricted to the Ouachita Mountains (Gordon et al. 1980b). Collections from the areas adjacent to the Illinois River have shownLampsitis reeveiana (Lea) and Actinonaias ellipsiformispleasii (Marsh) to be present inthe southern Ozarkian drainage of the White River but notthe west slope drainages represented by the Illinois,Elk, and Spring rivers. Likewise, L.rafinesqueana Frierson occurs throughout the west slopedrainages (Table 1)but notinthe White River.Fusconaia ozarkensis is common toboth the south and the west slope drainage systems.Three natural unionacean faunal subdivisions appear tobe present inthe Ozark Plateaus. The west slope fauna is typified by /¦'. ozarkensisand L. rafinesqueana. The fauna south of the Ozark Crest is composed ofF. ozarkensis, A. ellipsiformis pleasii. and L. reeveiana. North of theOzark Crest, the only endemic unionid isL.reeveiana. The overlap within these subdivisions and the presence of the two wide-spread species ill-ustrates the close affinityof the fauna.Further observations of the unionid fauna suggest some additional associations. Cyprogenia aberti is generally distributed throughout theInterior Highlands and west into Oklahoma and Kansas (Gordon et al. 1980b) and has been found throughout the Spring River system. For thesereasons, it is highlyprobable that C. aberti is present inthe IllinoisRiver, although itmay occur only downstream in Oklahoma. Similar distribu-tion patterns are reflected in the occurrence of several other species listed by Branson (1967) for the lower Spring River (see Table 1). Also,Alasmidonta marginata Say and/4, calceola (Lea)have been recorded from the Elk and Spring rivers (Table 1).They are known historically fromthe White River (Gordon et al. 1980b). Baker (1928) has noted a close distributional association between these two species of Alasmidonta. Thesmall size and habit of burrowing into the substrate byA.calceola make itdifficult to find(Utterback, 1915; Baker, 1928). Alasmidonta marginatawas found inthe Illinois River;therefore, itis postulated that A calceola also occurs inthe IllinoisRiver.tPisidium fallax generally has been considered a northern species. With exception of a single record from Alabama, it had not been foundhof the extent of maximum glaciation. Itspresence in the IllinoisRiver and several adjacent drainages represents a new regional record forspecies (Gordon et al. 1980c). These records and Wheeler's (1918) observations on the Ouachita Mountains molluscan assemblage illustrateneed for further study of the Sphaeriidae within the Interior Highlands. Pisidium fallax easily may be mistaken forP. casertanum orP.pressum. Itsdesignation as the "deceptive" (from the Latin,fallac)Pisidium appears tohave been appropriate.113Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 36Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1980\114 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980Table 1. Species of Unionidae from three drainage systems of the Ozark Plateaus west slope (compiled from Oesch, pers. comm. ;Buchanan,pers. comm.;Gordon et al. 1980a; and authors' personal collections). 1SPECIES ILLINOIS ELK SPRINGFusconaia flava X X XFusconaia ozarkensis X X XIMegalonaias gigantea'Xx IAmblema plicata XXQuadrula pustulosa X XX ixxX IQuadrula quadrula' XQuadrula metanevraQuadrula cylindrica XTritogonia verrucosa XCyclonaias tuberculata XPleurobema cordatum X X X IYEUiptio dilatatus X XLasmigona costata X X XAlasmidonta calceola X x ixxAlasmidonta marginata X XAnodonta grandis X Xx IxAnodonta imbecilis X XStrophitus undulatus X XPtychobranchus occidentalis X XCyprogenia aberti XActinonaias carinata X X XActinonaias ellipsiformis ellipsiformis X X XLeptodea fragilis XProptera purpurata X!xCarunculina parva X XCarunculina glans X XVillosa lienosa XLigumia subrostrata X XLampsilis radiata siliquoidea X XLampsilis rafinesqueana X X XLampsilis ovata X X X'Branson (1967) has notbeen included here due to sample locations in the lower Spring River. Similar locations have not yet been sampled in theIllinoisRiver or are inundated byGrand Lake (V the Cherokees inthe ElkRiver.Thisspecies appears tohave been introduced into an impoundment on a small tributary of the IllinoisRiver.We would like to express our appreciation to Mr.Alan C. Buchanan of the Missouri Department of Conservation,Columbia, Missouri, and Mr.D. Ronald Oesch, Glendale, Missouri, for information concerning their collections from theOzark west slope. The Kansas records forFusconaia ozarkensis and Actinonaias ellipsiformis ellipsiformis were identifiedfrom a collection (Spring River) made by Mr. Charles Cope, Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University,Wichita, Kansas.LITERATURE CITEDBAKER,F. C. 1928. The fresh water Mollusca of Wisconsin. Part II.Pelecypoda. Bull. Wise. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. 70:1-495.GORDON, M. E., G. L. MACKIE and A. V. BROWN. 1980c.Pisidium fallax (Bivalvia: Sphaeriidae) in the southwesternOzark Plateaus. Nautilus 94:120-121.BRANSON, B. A. 1967. A partial biological survey of the SpringRiver drainage in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri. Part 1,Collecting sites, basic limnological data, and mollusks. Trans.Kans. Acad. Sci. 69:242-293.MURRAY,H.D.and A.B.LEONARD. 1962. Handbook of unionidmussles inKansas. Univ.Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. Misc.Publ. 29:1-184.CALL,R.E. 1885-1887. Contributions to a knowledge of the fresh-water Mollusca of Kansas, I-VI.Bull. Washburn Coll. Lab. Nat.Hist. 1:48-51, 51-54,93-97, 115-123, 177-183; 2:11-25.SCAMMON, R. E. 1906. The Unionidae of Kansas, part 1. Univ.Kans. Sci. Bull. 3:279-373.SCHUSTER, G. A. and M. B. DuBOIS. 1979. Additional newrecords of freshwater mussles (Bivalvia: Unionidae) fromKansas. Tech. Publ. State Biol. Surv.Kans. 8:1-11.GORDON, M. E., A. V. BROWN and L.R. KRAEMER. 1980a.Mollusca of the Illinois River, Arkansas. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci.33:35-37.UTTERBACK,W. I.1915. The naiades of Missouri. Am. Midi.Nat.4:244-273.GORDON, M. E., L.R.KRAEMER and A. V. BROWN. 1980b.Unionacea of Arkansas: Historical review, checklist, and ob-servations on distributional patterns. Bull. Am. Malac. Un. for1979: 31-37.VANDER SCHALIE, H. and A.VAN DER SCHALIE. 1950. Themussels of the Mississippi River. Am. Midi.Nat. 44:448-466.WHEELER, H.E. 1918. The Mollusca of Clark County, Arkansas.Nautilus 31:109-125.MARKE. GORDONand ARTHUR V. BROWN. Department ofZoology, University of Arkansas-Fay etteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701*114Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 36https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/36

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Significant Additions to the Molluscan Fauna of the Illinois River, Arkansas

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