An anatomical study of the alimentary canal and associated salivary apparatus was conducted for the pentatomid, Brochymena quadripustulata. The esophagus, ventriculus, pylorus, rectum, principal salivary glands and ducts are described and illustrated. Described structures of Brochymena quadripustulata are compared with various species of pentatomids and other hemipterans

Abell, David W.

Barber, Dan T.

Cooksey, Lynita M.

English

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 34 Article 71980Study of the Anatomy of the Alimentary Canal ofBrochymena quadripustulata(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)Dan T. BarberArkansas State UniversityLynita M. CookseyArkansas State UniversityDavid W. AbellArkansas State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Digestive System CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academyof Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationBarber, Dan T.; Cooksey, Lynita M.; and Abell, David W. (1980) "Study of the Anatomy of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymenaquadripustulata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 34 , Article 7.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/7I A STUDY OF THE ANATOMYOF THE ALIMENTARYCANALOF BROCHYMENA QUADRIPUSTULATA(HEMIPTERA:PENTATOMIDAE)DAN T. BARBER, LYNITA M. COOKSEY and DAVID W. ABELLDepartment of Biological SciencesArkansas State UniversityState University, Arkansas 72467ABSTRACTAn anatomical study of the alimentary canal and associated salivary apparatus was con-ducted for the pentatomid, Brochymena quadripustulata. The esophagus, ventriculus, pylorus,rectum, principal salivary glands and ducts are described and illustrated. Described structuresof Brochymena quadripustulata are compared with various species of pentatomids and otherhemipterans.INTRODUCTIONBrochymena quadripustulata is one of the more common speciesof Pentatomidae inNortheast Arkansas. Except forstudies of the gas-tric caecae conducted by Glasgow (1914), an extensive literaturesearch failed to reveal studies of the internal anatomy of this hemip-teran.Previous studies of Solubea pugnax (Hamner, 1936), Catacanthusincarnatus (Ahmad and Afzal, 1978), Murgantia histrionica (Harris,1936), Peribalus limbolarius (Glasgow, 1914), and Chrysocoris patric-ius (Kurup, 1963) were used for comparison and confirmation of thealimentary structures of B. quadripustulata. Studies of the coreidsAnasa tristis (Breakey, 1936) and Leptocoris trivittalus (Glasgow,1914) were also used forcomparative purposes.METHODS AND MATERIALSAdults of B. quadripustulata were collected from mid-Octoberthrough November 1979, in Craighead County, Arkansas. Live speci-mens were fixedinBouin's solution for twenty-four hours and thenstored in 70% ethanol until dissected. Specimens in the overwinter-ing stage were collected from 9 January to 22 February 1980. Thesespecimens were stored at 3-4°C until dissected, at which time theywere anesthesized with chloroform. Esselbaugh (1948) reported thatnone of ten or more species of pentatomids placed in a refrigeratorwere able to survive, even though the specimens were not subjectedto temperatures as low as they survive outdoors. We encountered noproblems with mortality after refrigeration for periods up to twomonths with B. quadripustulata.Access to the abdominal cavity and head capsule was facilitated byscissoring the flattened peripheral edge formed by fusion of thedorsal and ventral sclerites. Care was taken to clip the exoskeletondeeply enough to sever the wingbases, yet preventing damage to theinternal organs. After trimming, the specimen was embedded inwarm wax and covered with70% ethanol. The scutellum was then re-moved by flexingit forward and pulling it outward. A similar pro-cedure was used to free the pronotum. The tergum was removed byliftingitsposterior edge up and forward. To expose the head capsuleand its contents, the dorsal sclerites of the cranium were fragmentedwithforceps and removed insections.RESULTSThe alimentary canal of B. quadripustulata consists of a pharynx,esophagus, ventriculus divided into four regions, pylorus with pairedmalpighian tubules, rectum, and associated salivary structures.canal of B. quadripustulata (Fig. 2). Itis a bulbous structure whichconstricts posteriorly to join the fourth ventriculus, composed of atubular structure surrounded by four rows ofgastric caecae arrangedFigure 1. Dorsal View of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymenaquadripustulata.The esophagus consists of a long semi-transparent tube which ex-tends from the anterior portion of the head passing between the cir-cumesophageal connectives to approximately the middle of the pro-thorax (Fig. 1).The esophagus opens posteriorly into the ventriculus.The ventriculus is divided into four distinct regions. Each regiondiffers inlength and contour. The first ventriculus appears as a largeempty elongate sac whichis thin walled witha rugose surface bearinga prominent dorsal raphe (Fig. 1). Specimens dissected in vitrounderinsect Ringer's exhibited peristaltic waves inthis region. The secondventriculus follows as a long slender tube deflecting dorsally and thenanteriorly to pass ventrally beneath the posterior region of the firstventriculus (Fig. 1). A gradual enlargement grades into the thirdventriculus which appears to be the shortest region of the alimentary_~16Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 7Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1980Dan T.Barber, Lynita M. Cooksey and DavidW. AbellIialong its entire length (Fig. 1,2). The fourth ventriculus coils withinthe abdominal cavity and lies dorsally above the pyloric region withits posterior end connecting laterally to the pylorus (Fig. 1). GastricIcaecae obscure this ventriculus from view (Fig. 1,2). The gastriccaecae appear as uniform, sac-like structures which are closely settogether.IThe pylorus provides for attachment of the fourth ventriculus aswell as for insertion of the malpighian tubules. It appears as arounded knob-like structure withapair of malpighian tubules attach-ing at each side of its anterior end (Fig. 1,2). The malpighian tubulesfloat freely with the lower abdomen with some entwining around theventricular regions before ending blindly.The posterior end of thepylorus constricts slightly at its juncture withthe rectum.The rectum is the posterior-most portion of the alimentary canalterminating with the anal opening. The rectal sac is a membranousstructure which is dilated inthe middle and then abruptly tapers intothe anus (Fig. 1,2). The rectum was found to vary in size and shapefrom a small oval sac to an enlarged heart-shaped sac dependingupon the amount of fluidit contained.The associated salivary structures consist of principal and acces-sory glands and ducts. The twoprincipal salivary glands are unequal-lybilobed and lie dorsad to the ventriculus inthe thorax, the poster-iorlobes extending into the abdomen (Fig. 1). Each principal gland isprovided with an accessory gland lying laterad and emptying bymeans of a long duct which extends into the head capsule. The ductretroverts into the abdomen, is directed anteriorly, undergoes aseries of convolutions and finally opens at the juncture of the twolobes of the principal salivary gland (Fig. 1).¦ DISCUSSIONThe typical hemipteran alimentary canal pattern was found to existfor IIquadripustulata. Comparison of this structure inother speciesof Pentatomidae and other selected Hemiptera resulted in similaranatomical patterns withthe ventriculus comprising the largest partof the alimentary canal.Since delineation of the pharynx and the esophagus was not ana-tomically feasible without histological investigation, the esophaguswas chosen as the originating structure for this study of the ali-mentary canal as was also the case inthe studies of Kurup (1963) andAhmad and Afzal (1978). The tubular esophagus of B. quadripustu-lata was found to be moderately long gradually grading into theventriculus. Studies by Hamner (1936), Harris (1936) and Breakey(1936) reported similar results while Ahmad and Afzal (1978) de-scribed an esophagus which terminated with an enlarged bulbousportion before passing into the first ventriculus. Studies by Ahmadand Afzal (1978) revealed the first ventriculus to consist of a smallspherical anterior portion constricting to form a larger posterior sub-oval sac. Nodefinite constriction was observed in //. quadripustulatawhich was found tobe similar in structure to that of the coreid, Atristis (Breakey, 1936).The second ventriculus of B. quadripustulata was found to be rela-tivelyshort, failing to comprise one-half the length of the alimentarycanal as reported forC. patricius by Kurup (1963). In the specimensof B. quadripustulata studied, the majority had entered dipause andcontained littleorno food residue, thus the second ventriculus failedto display extensive dilation as reported by Breakey (1936) and Harris(1936).According to Harris (1936), the third ventriculus is not a distinctregion but regarded as a part of the second ventriculus because of thesimimlarities of their histologies. However, Kurup (1963) regards thetwo regions as being distinct. In IIquadripustulata. an anatomicaldistinction between the two regions of the ventriculus appears toexist (Fig. 2), although no histological studies have been made toverify this.The fourth ventriculus of B. quadripustulata appeared tubularbearing four rows ofgastric caecae. The caecae have been studied indetail byGlasgow (1914) who found them to contain organisms whichinhibit the growthof foreign bacteria inthe mid-intestine. Accordingto Elson (1937), the presence or absence of gastric caecae bears greatimportance from both a phylogenetic and nutritional point of view.L. trivittalus, a species which feeds chiefly on plants but occassional-lyon the fluids of animals, lacks gastric caecae (Glasgow, 1914).However, Breakey (1936) observed A. tristis, a strictly phytosuccivo-rous species, as having well-developed caecae arranged in two rowsof closely set diverticula, whereas B. quadripustulata and all otherspecies of pentatomids referred to inthis study possessed four rows ofgastric caecae.The pylorus ofB. quadripustulata compared favorably to that of S.pugnax (Hamner, 1936) yet differed from descriptions reported byKurup (1963), Ahmad and Afzal (1978) and Breakey (1936). Themalpighian tubules of IIquadripustulata were found to occupy theposterior portion of the abdominal cavity whereas Breakey (1936) de-scribed the tubules of A tristis as extending into the caudal portionof the abdomen above the alimentary canal.The rectum of B. quadripustulata was found to be consistent instructure with rectal sacs of other species of pentatomids and hemip-terans; the anterior end of the rectum being formed by an extensionof the pylorus and the posterior end tapering to form the anus.The salivary glands of phytosuccivorous species may be differen-tiated ina general way from other groups by their complexity (Elson,1937). The principal salivary glands studied inB. quadripustulata ap-peared as unequal bilobed structures, as was found inthe studies ofAhmad and Afzal(1978) and Harris (1936).The anterior lobes of the principal salivary glands inIIquadripust-ulata are broad based and extend anteriorly while the posterior lobesare tail-like and taper posteriorly ending bluntly. Hamner (1936),however, found the principal salivary glands ofS. pugnax to have an-terior lobes somewhat hand-shaped with four distinct finger-like pro-jections on the anterior end. In many species, the principal salivaryglands may be divided into several lobes or take on the appearance olclusters ofgrapes as reported byElson (1937).Figure 2. Dorsal View of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymenaquadripustulata with Salivary Apparatus Removed and Parts Ex-tended.Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980 1717Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 7http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/718 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980A Study of the Anatomy of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymena quadripustulata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)Ininsects which possess accessory salivary glands, apair of ductsleads from the juncture of the two lobes of the principal glands; oneduct leading to the accessory gland and the other to the salivarypump. This condition was observed inB. quadripustulata. Studies byAhmad and Afzal(1978), Harris (1936), Hamner (1936) and Breakey(1937) also reported a comparable arrangement of the accessoryglands and ducts.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors wish to express their grateful apprecia-tion to Dr. Harvey E. Barton for his valuable adviceand guidance during the course of this study. Thanksare also due to those faculty members, graduate andundergraduate students of the Department of BiologicalSciences at Arkansas State University for their help insupplying specimens, apparatus and expertise.LITERATURE CITEDAHMAD,I.and M.APZAL. 1978. Some aspects of the morphologyof Catacanthus incarnatus. Pakistani. Sci., 21:129-135.BREAKEY, E. P. 1936. Histological studies of the digestive systemof the squash bug, Anasa tristis Deg. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.29:567-577.ELSON, J. A. 1937. A comparative study of the Hemiptera. Ann.Entomol. Soc. Am.,30:579-597.ESSELBAUGH, C. O. 1948. Notes on the bionomics of some mid-western Pentatomidae. Entomol. Am., 28:1-73.GLASGOW, H. 1914. Gastric caeca of the Hemiptera. Bio. Bull.,26:101-170.HAMNER,A.L.1936. The gross anatomy of the alimentary canal ofSolubea pugnax Fab. Ohio J. Sci., 36:157-160.HARRIS, C. S. 1936. The anatomy and histology of the alimentarysystem of the harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia histrionicaHahn. Ohio J.Sci., 38:316-331.KURUP, N. G. 1963. A study of the digestive tract of four Indiangymnocerate Hemiptera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 57:200-209.18Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 7Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1980

Study of the Anatomy of  the Alimentary Canal of Brochymena quadripustulata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 34 Article 7 1980 Study of the Anatomy of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymena quadripustulata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) Dan T. Barber Arkansas State University Lynita M. Cooksey Arkansas State University David W. Abell Arkansas State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Digestive System Commons Recommended Citation Barber, Dan T.; Cooksey, Lynita M.; and Abell, David W. (1980) "Study of the Anatomy of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymena quadripustulata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 34 , Article 7. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/7 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. I A STUDY OF THE ANATOMYOF THE ALIMENTARYCANALOF BROCHYMENA QUADRIPUSTULATA(HEMIPTERA:PENTATOMIDAE)DAN T. BARBER, LYNITA M. COOKSEY and DAVID W. ABELLDepartment of Biological SciencesArkansas State UniversityState University, Arkansas 72467ABSTRACTAn anatomical study of the alimentary canal and associated salivary apparatus was con-ducted for the pentatomid, Brochymena quadripustulata. The esophagus, ventriculus, pylorus,rectum, principal salivary glands and ducts are described and illustrated. Described structuresof Brochymena quadripustulata are compared with various species of pentatomids and otherhemipterans.INTRODUCTIONBrochymena quadripustulata is one of the more common speciesof Pentatomidae inNortheast Arkansas. Except forstudies of the gas-tric caecae conducted by Glasgow (1914), an extensive literaturesearch failed to reveal studies of the internal anatomy of this hemip-teran.Previous studies of Solubea pugnax (Hamner, 1936), Catacanthusincarnatus (Ahmad and Afzal, 1978), Murgantia histrionica (Harris,1936), Peribalus limbolarius (Glasgow, 1914), and Chrysocoris patric-ius (Kurup, 1963) were used for comparison and confirmation of thealimentary structures of B. quadripustulata. Studies of the coreidsAnasa tristis (Breakey, 1936) and Leptocoris trivittalus (Glasgow,1914) were also used forcomparative purposes.METHODS AND MATERIALSAdults of B. quadripustulata were collected from mid-Octoberthrough November 1979, in Craighead County, Arkansas. Live speci-mens were fixedinBouin's solution for twenty-four hours and thenstored in 70% ethanol until dissected. Specimens in the overwinter-ing stage were collected from 9 January to 22 February 1980. Thesespecimens were stored at 3-4°C until dissected, at which time theywere anesthesized with chloroform. Esselbaugh (1948) reported thatnone of ten or more species of pentatomids placed in a refrigeratorwere able to survive, even though the specimens were not subjectedto temperatures as low as they survive outdoors. We encountered noproblems with mortality after refrigeration for periods up to twomonths with B. quadripustulata.Access to the abdominal cavity and head capsule was facilitated byscissoring the flattened peripheral edge formed by fusion of thedorsal and ventral sclerites. Care was taken to clip the exoskeletondeeply enough to sever the wingbases, yet preventing damage to theinternal organs. After trimming, the specimen was embedded inwarm wax and covered with70% ethanol. The scutellum was then re-moved by flexingit forward and pulling it outward. A similar pro-cedure was used to free the pronotum. The tergum was removed byliftingitsposterior edge up and forward. To expose the head capsuleand its contents, the dorsal sclerites of the cranium were fragmentedwithforceps and removed insections.RESULTSThe alimentary canal of B. quadripustulata consists of a pharynx,esophagus, ventriculus divided into four regions, pylorus with pairedmalpighian tubules, rectum, and associated salivary structures.canal of B. quadripustulata (Fig. 2). Itis a bulbous structure whichconstricts posteriorly to join the fourth ventriculus, composed of atubular structure surrounded by four rows ofgastric caecae arrangedFigure 1. Dorsal View of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymenaquadripustulata.The esophagus consists of a long semi-transparent tube which ex-tends from the anterior portion of the head passing between the cir-cumesophageal connectives to approximately the middle of the pro-thorax (Fig. 1).The esophagus opens posteriorly into the ventriculus.The ventriculus is divided into four distinct regions. Each regiondiffers inlength and contour. The first ventriculus appears as a largeempty elongate sac whichis thin walled witha rugose surface bearinga prominent dorsal raphe (Fig. 1). Specimens dissected in vitrounderinsect Ringer's exhibited peristaltic waves inthis region. The secondventriculus follows as a long slender tube deflecting dorsally and thenanteriorly to pass ventrally beneath the posterior region of the firstventriculus (Fig. 1). A gradual enlargement grades into the thirdventriculus which appears to be the shortest region of the alimentary_~16Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 7Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1980Dan T.Barber, Lynita M. Cooksey and DavidW. AbellIialong its entire length (Fig. 1,2). The fourth ventriculus coils withinthe abdominal cavity and lies dorsally above the pyloric region withits posterior end connecting laterally to the pylorus (Fig. 1). GastricIcaecae obscure this ventriculus from view (Fig. 1,2). The gastriccaecae appear as uniform, sac-like structures which are closely settogether.IThe pylorus provides for attachment of the fourth ventriculus aswell as for insertion of the malpighian tubules. It appears as arounded knob-like structure withapair of malpighian tubules attach-ing at each side of its anterior end (Fig. 1,2). The malpighian tubulesfloat freely with the lower abdomen with some entwining around theventricular regions before ending blindly.The posterior end of thepylorus constricts slightly at its juncture withthe rectum.The rectum is the posterior-most portion of the alimentary canalterminating with the anal opening. The rectal sac is a membranousstructure which is dilated inthe middle and then abruptly tapers intothe anus (Fig. 1,2). The rectum was found to vary in size and shapefrom a small oval sac to an enlarged heart-shaped sac dependingupon the amount of fluidit contained.The associated salivary structures consist of principal and acces-sory glands and ducts. The twoprincipal salivary glands are unequal-lybilobed and lie dorsad to the ventriculus inthe thorax, the poster-iorlobes extending into the abdomen (Fig. 1). Each principal gland isprovided with an accessory gland lying laterad and emptying bymeans of a long duct which extends into the head capsule. The ductretroverts into the abdomen, is directed anteriorly, undergoes aseries of convolutions and finally opens at the juncture of the twolobes of the principal salivary gland (Fig. 1).¦ DISCUSSIONThe typical hemipteran alimentary canal pattern was found to existfor IIquadripustulata. Comparison of this structure inother speciesof Pentatomidae and other selected Hemiptera resulted in similaranatomical patterns withthe ventriculus comprising the largest partof the alimentary canal.Since delineation of the pharynx and the esophagus was not ana-tomically feasible without histological investigation, the esophaguswas chosen as the originating structure for this study of the ali-mentary canal as was also the case inthe studies of Kurup (1963) andAhmad and Afzal (1978). The tubular esophagus of B. quadripustu-lata was found to be moderately long gradually grading into theventriculus. Studies by Hamner (1936), Harris (1936) and Breakey(1936) reported similar results while Ahmad and Afzal (1978) de-scribed an esophagus which terminated with an enlarged bulbousportion before passing into the first ventriculus. Studies by Ahmadand Afzal (1978) revealed the first ventriculus to consist of a smallspherical anterior portion constricting to form a larger posterior sub-oval sac. Nodefinite constriction was observed in //. quadripustulatawhich was found tobe similar in structure to that of the coreid, Atristis (Breakey, 1936).The second ventriculus of B. quadripustulata was found to be rela-tivelyshort, failing to comprise one-half the length of the alimentarycanal as reported forC. patricius by Kurup (1963). In the specimensof B. quadripustulata studied, the majority had entered dipause andcontained littleorno food residue, thus the second ventriculus failedto display extensive dilation as reported by Breakey (1936) and Harris(1936).According to Harris (1936), the third ventriculus is not a distinctregion but regarded as a part of the second ventriculus because of thesimimlarities of their histologies. However, Kurup (1963) regards thetwo regions as being distinct. In IIquadripustulata. an anatomicaldistinction between the two regions of the ventriculus appears toexist (Fig. 2), although no histological studies have been made toverify this.The fourth ventriculus of B. quadripustulata appeared tubularbearing four rows ofgastric caecae. The caecae have been studied indetail byGlasgow (1914) who found them to contain organisms whichinhibit the growthof foreign bacteria inthe mid-intestine. Accordingto Elson (1937), the presence or absence of gastric caecae bears greatimportance from both a phylogenetic and nutritional point of view.L. trivittalus, a species which feeds chiefly on plants but occassional-lyon the fluids of animals, lacks gastric caecae (Glasgow, 1914).However, Breakey (1936) observed A. tristis, a strictly phytosuccivo-rous species, as having well-developed caecae arranged in two rowsof closely set diverticula, whereas B. quadripustulata and all otherspecies of pentatomids referred to inthis study possessed four rows ofgastric caecae.The pylorus ofB. quadripustulata compared favorably to that of S.pugnax (Hamner, 1936) yet differed from descriptions reported byKurup (1963), Ahmad and Afzal (1978) and Breakey (1936). Themalpighian tubules of IIquadripustulata were found to occupy theposterior portion of the abdominal cavity whereas Breakey (1936) de-scribed the tubules of A tristis as extending into the caudal portionof the abdomen above the alimentary canal.The rectum of B. quadripustulata was found to be consistent instructure with rectal sacs of other species of pentatomids and hemip-terans; the anterior end of the rectum being formed by an extensionof the pylorus and the posterior end tapering to form the anus.The salivary glands of phytosuccivorous species may be differen-tiated ina general way from other groups by their complexity (Elson,1937). The principal salivary glands studied inB. quadripustulata ap-peared as unequal bilobed structures, as was found inthe studies ofAhmad and Afzal(1978) and Harris (1936).The anterior lobes of the principal salivary glands inIIquadripust-ulata are broad based and extend anteriorly while the posterior lobesare tail-like and taper posteriorly ending bluntly. Hamner (1936),however, found the principal salivary glands ofS. pugnax to have an-terior lobes somewhat hand-shaped with four distinct finger-like pro-jections on the anterior end. In many species, the principal salivaryglands may be divided into several lobes or take on the appearance olclusters ofgrapes as reported byElson (1937).Figure 2. Dorsal View of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymenaquadripustulata with Salivary Apparatus Removed and Parts Ex-tended.Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980 1717Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 7https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/718 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol.XXXIV,1980A Study of the Anatomy of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymena quadripustulata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)Ininsects which possess accessory salivary glands, apair of ductsleads from the juncture of the two lobes of the principal glands; oneduct leading to the accessory gland and the other to the salivarypump. This condition was observed inB. quadripustulata. Studies byAhmad and Afzal(1978), Harris (1936), Hamner (1936) and Breakey(1937) also reported a comparable arrangement of the accessoryglands and ducts.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors wish to express their grateful apprecia-tion to Dr. Harvey E. Barton for his valuable adviceand guidance during the course of this study. Thanksare also due to those faculty members, graduate andundergraduate students of the Department of BiologicalSciences at Arkansas State University for their help insupplying specimens, apparatus and expertise.LITERATURE CITEDAHMAD,I.and M.APZAL. 1978. Some aspects of the morphologyof Catacanthus incarnatus. Pakistani. Sci., 21:129-135.BREAKEY, E. P. 1936. Histological studies of the digestive systemof the squash bug, Anasa tristis Deg. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.29:567-577.ELSON, J. A. 1937. A comparative study of the Hemiptera. Ann.Entomol. Soc. Am.,30:579-597.ESSELBAUGH, C. O. 1948. Notes on the bionomics of some mid-western Pentatomidae. Entomol. Am., 28:1-73.GLASGOW, H. 1914. Gastric caeca of the Hemiptera. Bio. Bull.,26:101-170.HAMNER,A.L.1936. The gross anatomy of the alimentary canal ofSolubea pugnax Fab. Ohio J. Sci., 36:157-160.HARRIS, C. S. 1936. The anatomy and histology of the alimentarysystem of the harlequin cabbage bug, Murgantia histrionicaHahn. Ohio J.Sci., 38:316-331.KURUP, N. G. 1963. A study of the digestive tract of four Indiangymnocerate Hemiptera. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 57:200-209.18Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 7Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1980

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Study of the Anatomy of the Alimentary Canal of Brochymena quadripustulata (Hemiptera:Pentatomidae)

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