Peacock, Lance

Peck, James H.

Shepherd, William M.

English

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 39 Article 461985Observations and New Records of FernsNaturalizing in ArkansasJames H. PeckUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockLance PeacockThe Arkansas Nature ConservancyWilliam M. ShepherdArkansas Natural Heritage CommissionFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Botany CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationPeck, James H.; Peacock, Lance; and Shepherd, William M. (1985) "Observations and New Records of Ferns Naturalizing inArkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 39 , Article 46.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/46Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX,1985144General NotesSOUTHERN WOODFERN, DRYOPTERIS X AUSTRALIS, NEW TO ARKANSASThe southern woodfern, Dryopteris X australis (Wherry) Small, is the sterile, triploid backcross hybrid between the fertile, allotetraploidD. celsa (Palmer) Small with the fertile, diploid D. ludoviciana (Kunze) Small (Carlson and Wagner. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 15:141-162,1982). Since its discovery in 1927, the hybrid was found at only seven localities on the Coastal Plain of Southeastern North America: North Carolina(two), South Carolina (one), Alabama (two), and Louisiana (two) (Wagner and Musselman. Castanea 47:182-190, 1982). The hybrid was locatedin Arkansas by Orzell on26 July, 1984, at a wooded acid seep adjacent to Meyers Creek in Garland Co. (T3S R22W S16). The population consistedof a nearly pure stand ofD. X australis. A few plants of one parent species (D. celsa) were present at the periphery. As the other parent was notevident, this was another example of "hybridization by remote control" noted by Wagner (Amer. Fern J. 33:71-73, 1943).The population was revisited on 20 September and 27 October. Specimens from the first two visits {Orzell1429, UARK) were identified byone of us (Peck) and W. Carl Taylor, Milwaukee Public Museum; specimens from the last site visit (Peck 84680, LRU) were verified by WarrenH. Wagner, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.This is an important discovery in that this is the first report of D. X australis from Arkansasand only the eighth population known of this hybrid. Itoccurs 200 km to the northwest of one of its parents (D. ludoviciana at Warren Prairie,Bradley, Co., AR) and 500 km northwest of the nearest hybrid populations (Baton Rouge, LA).The Arkansas population is the westernmost andnorthwesternmost locality of the hybrid; this is also the third and currently the only extant population known west of the Mississippi River. Frominitialobservations, we would expect to find other localities in the Ouachita Mountains, where populations ofD. celsa have been reported (Taylor.Arkansas ferns and fern allies. Milwaukee Public Museum, 1984) or in the southeastern portion of the state, where D. ludoviciana was recentlylocated at Warren Prairie, Bradley, Co., AR.Funding for this research was provided, in part, by a faculty research grant from the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs and theCollege of Science, Office Research, Science and Technology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock.STEVE L. ORZELL, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, LittleRock, AR 72201, and JAMESH. PECK, Department ofBiology, UniversityofArkansas at Little Rock, LittleRock, AR.LOUISIANALOG FERN (DRYOPTERIS LUDOVICIANA)NEW TO ARKANSASDryopteris ludoviciana (Kunze) Small (Polypodiophyta: Aspleniaceae), a fertile diploid fern of the Southeastern United States, has a relative-ly restricted distribution, frequenting low or wet hammocks, cypress swamps or rocky woods in the Coastal Plain, mainly in Florida, extendingnorthward to North Carolina (Carlson and Wagner. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 15:141-162, 1982) and westward with four populations in Alabama,three in Louisiana (Thieret. Ferns and fern allies of Louisiana, 1980), and two in Texas (Correll and Correll. Aquatic and wetland plants of SouthwesternUnited States, 1972). D. ludoviciana exhibits frond dimorphism caused by abrupt differences between constricted, terminal spore-bearing pinnaeand the fullyexpanded sterile pinnae below them. D. ludoviciana was first discovered in Arkansas by Eric Sundell and D. Mclntyre on 18 September,1982, at Warren Prairie Natural Area (Bradley Co.: T13S R9W S13), 20 km west ofMonticello, AR (Sundell &Mclntyre 2864, UAM).Over 100plants were growing in a lowland Quercus phellos L. woods along withanother fern, Lorinseria areolata (L.) Presl. The identity of the specimenwas noted in annotation by J. Peck in October, 1984. Additional specimens (Peck &Peck 84641, LRU) were verified by Warren H. Wagner, Universityof Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI).This discovery of Dryopteris ludoviciana new to Arkansas also represents an important range extension for the species. Only three otherpopulations (Hardin Co. and Tyler Co., Texas and St. Mary Parish, Louisiana) are known to occur west of the Mississippi River; the latter, whichis the closest population to Warren Prairie, is located 350 km to the south of the Arkansas locality (Thomas, Wagner &Messier. Castanea 38:269-274,1973). The occurrence ofthis most northwestern station of D. ludoviciana at Warren Prairie, 123 ha of which were recently purchased for preserva-tion by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, further attests to the importance of the area to Arkansas' natural heritage.This research was sponsored, inpart, by a faculty research grant from Office ofResearch and Sponsored Programs and the College of Science,Office of Research, Science and Technology, at University of Arkansas at Little Rock.JAMES H. PECK, Department ofBiology, University ofArkansas at LittleRock, LittleRock, AR 72204; ERICSUNDELL, Department ofNaturalSciences, University ofArkansas - Monticello, AR 71655; and CAROL J. PECK, Arkansas State Plant Board, LittleRock, AR 72203.OBSERVATIONS AND NEW RECORDS OF FERNS NATURALIZINGINARKANSASThree alien fern species have become naturalized in Arkansas: Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw., Pteris multifida Poir. ex Lam., and Thelypteristorresiana (Gaud.) Alston (Taylor and Demaree, 1979; Taylor, 1984). Their presence here represents the consequences ofeither natural colonizationfrom a distant naturalized population or escape from local cultivation. Careful observation, collection, and documentation of plant occurrenceand distribution data are required to determine which fern plants are truly native and which are recently adventive, escaped, or naturalized (Wagner,1972). Attention must, therefore, be given to what species are being cultivated. Native Arkansas ferns, alien species, and ferns native to the southeasternUnited States and recently found in Arkansas (e.g., Thelypteris kunthii [Desv.] Morton), are cultivated throughout Arkansas as horticultural/land-scape material. Populations that escaped from cultivation willbe difficult to distinguish from populations derived from natural range expansionsinto or across Arkansas.Lygodium japonicum (Schizeaceae), native to«astern Asia, became established in Florida in the 1920's (Small, 1938) and spread northwardto North Carolina and eastward to Texas. It was first collected in Arkansas by C. M. Meyer on 14 October, 1981, in Ashley Co. (Meyer s. n.,LRU). Since then it has been collected at a second Ashley Co. locality (Shepherd s. n., LRU), and at Union Co. (Thomas s. n., LRU). Thesepopulations became established relatively far from known sites ofcultivation, and are considered to be naturalized populations. However, in 1983144Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 46Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1985Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX,1985 145Arkansas Academy of ScienceShepherd observed a juvenile plant of L. japonicum outside his Little Rock residence that obviously developed from spores released by a plantlocated in a neighboring yard, attesting to the potential for this species to escape from cultivation, even when growing as far north as Little Rock.L. japonicum is of particular horticultural interest (Foster, 1964), as the entire above-ground portion, a vine up to 30 feet long in Arkansas,is a single, indeterminate leaf, making this species notable in that it has the longest leaves of any plant in Arkansas. Consequently, L. japonicumis widelycultivated in southern Arkansas. The apparently natural populations ofthis fern may be the consequence ofreproduction by other naturalizedpopulations or by locally cultivated plants. On the other hand, cultivated plants may have been obtained from apparently natural populations atthe edge of town or from a neighbor's horticulturally supplied plants. After sufficient time has passed, the lineage of this fern in Arkansas willbe difficult to resolve.Pteris multifida (Pteridaceae), an apogamous species native to Asia, is now established in eastern North America from Florida northwardto North Carolina and westward to Texas. This species is also a favorite of horticulturalists (Hoshizaki, 1975; Foster, 1964). Itoccurs in Arkansasonly at Hot Springs National Park (Garland Co.), where it was first discovered by Chandler (1941). Earlier fern surveys of the park (Scully, 1939)did not report this species, on the tufa rock behind the bath houses (Taylor, 1981). The fern is also rapidly colonizing newly exposed tufa surfacesassociated with recent development at the park. This species is quite capable of becoming established at other rocky habitats across Arkansas.Its absence elsewhere in Arkansas, and its relatively recent presence behind the bath houses, where it could have escaped from potted plants, sug-gests that it represents a locally escaped population, rather than a naturalized population derived from long-distance spore dispersal.This explanation contrasts with that for Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (Adiantaceae), a native North American species that occurs in the Ozarkregion of Arkansas (Taylor, 1984; Taylor and Demaree, 1979). It too is commonly cultivated (Hoshizaki, 1975; Foster, 1964) and occurs behindthe bath houses at Hot Springs National Park. Its presence at Hot Springs was noticed very early (Lesquereux, 1860; Harvey, 1881). The existenceof early reports suggests that it is native to the park. Without data provided from historical floristic records, the park population of this speciesmight best be considered a local escape from cultivation.Thelypteris torresiana (Thelypteridaceae), native to eastern Asia, was introduced into Florida in 1904, and has spread northward to NorthCarolina and westward to Texas (Leonard, 1972) and was recently reported from Venezuela (Steyermark and Ortega, 1980). It was first reportedin Arkansas from Ashley Co. (Taylor and Johnson, 1979). They emphasized lumbering activities as a factor that opened the habitat, allowingthis fern to become established in southern Arkansas. Since then, a second population, growing under a bridge, was discovered in Ashley Co.(Peck 84899, LRU) and a third population, constituting a significant range extension, was discovered some 80 km to the north in mature bot-tomland hardwood forest at Moro Bottoms, Cleveland Co. (Peacock s. n., LRU).At this last site, the fern was growing in partial shade on exposed,elevated earth covering the upturned roots of a fallen tree (tip-up). These new stations suggest that the species can occupy a variety of shadedhabitats, including naturally disturbed microsites within relatively intact, mature forest. Its spread to other sites in Arkansas, therefore, is not limitedto areas with lumbering activities.Thelypteris kunthii (Thelypteridaceae), a species native to the southeastern United States, was first documented in Arkansas from apparentlynatural populations in Ashley Co. (Taylor and Johnson, 1979). This handsome fern is also cultivated in landscaping beds across southern Arkansasand as far north as Lee and Pulaski counties. This species is commonly cultivated in Union Co. where it is also sold under different but synonymousnames, T. augescens and T. normalis (C. Amason, pers. comm. 1984). Cultivation of this species is likely to favor the establishment of new popula-tions by spores, and these may be located some distance from their sources. Itis unlikely that botanists willbe able to discern any differences be-tween populations derived from spores of natural populations, such as those in Louisiana, and populations which came from cultivated plantsin Arkansas.Efforts are presently underway to document the cultivated fern flora of Arkansas. The senior author welcomes receipt of cultivated fernspecimens from Arkansas foridentification or deposition. This research was sponsored in part by a faculty research grant from the Office of Researchand Sponsored Programs and the College of Science, Office of Research, Science and Technology, at University of Arkansas at Little Rock.LITERATURE CITEDCHANDLER, A. 1941. Pteris multifida in Arkansas. Am. Fern. J.31:112.SMALL,J. K.1938. Ferns of the Southeastern States. Hafner Reprint(1964), New York. 517 pp.FOSTER, F. G. 1964. Ferns to know and grow. Hawthorn Books,New York. 282 pp. STEYERMARK, J. A.,and F. ORTEGA. 1980. Thelypteris torresianain Venezulea. Am. Fern. J. 70:80.rARVEY, F. L. 1881. Classified list of the ferns of Arkansas withnotes on the geographical range and habitat of the species. Bot.Gaz. 6:188-190, 213-215. TAYLOR, W. C. 1981. Ferns of the tufa deposits on Hot SpringsMountain, Hot Springs National Park: inventory, status, andmaintenance. Report prepared for Eastern National Park &Monu-ment Association, Philadelphia, PA. 15 pp.rOSHIZAKI, B.J. 1975. Fern growers manual. Alfred A.Knopf, NewYork. 256 pp.TAYLOR, W. C. 1984. Arkansas ferns and fern allies. MilwaukeePublic Museum, Milwaukee, WI. 262 pp.LEONARD, S. W. 1972. The distribution of Thelypteris torresianain the southeastern United States. Am. Fern J. 62:97-99.TAYLOR, W. C, and D. DEMAREE. 1979. Annotated list of the fernsand fern allies of Arkansas. Rhodora 81:503-548.LESQUEREUX, L. 1860. A catalogue of the plants of Arkansas.Pages 346-399. InD. D. Owen. Second report ofgeological recon-naissance of the middle and southern counties of Arkansas madeduring the years 1859 and 1860. C. Sherman &Son, Printers,Philadelphia, PA.TAYLOR, W. C, and D. M. JOHNSON. 1979. Thelypteris inArkansas. Am. Fern J. 69:26-28.rULLY, F. J. 1939. Ferns of Hot Springs National Park andvicinity.Natural History Journal No. 5. Hot Springs National Park,Hot Springs, AR. 37 pp.WAGNER, W. H. 1972. Disjunctions in homosporous vascularplants. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 59:203-217.JAMES H. PECK, Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at LittleRock, Little Rock, AR 72204; LANCEPEACOCK, The ArkansasNature Conservancy, LittleRock, AR 72201; and WILLIAMSHEPHERD, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, LittleRock, AR 72201.145Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 46http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/46

Observations and New Records of Ferns Naturalizing in Arkansas

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 39 Article 46 1985 Observations and New Records of Ferns Naturalizing in Arkansas James H. Peck University of Arkansas at Little Rock Lance Peacock The Arkansas Nature Conservancy William M. Shepherd Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Peck, James H.; Peacock, Lance; and Shepherd, William M. (1985) "Observations and New Records of Ferns Naturalizing in Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 39 , Article 46. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/46 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX,1985144General NotesSOUTHERN WOODFERN, DRYOPTERIS X AUSTRALIS, NEW TO ARKANSASThe southern woodfern, Dryopteris X australis (Wherry) Small, is the sterile, triploid backcross hybrid between the fertile, allotetraploidD. celsa (Palmer) Small with the fertile, diploid D. ludoviciana (Kunze) Small (Carlson and Wagner. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 15:141-162,1982). Since its discovery in 1927, the hybrid was found at only seven localities on the Coastal Plain of Southeastern North America: North Carolina(two), South Carolina (one), Alabama (two), and Louisiana (two) (Wagner and Musselman. Castanea 47:182-190, 1982). The hybrid was locatedin Arkansas by Orzell on26 July, 1984, at a wooded acid seep adjacent to Meyers Creek in Garland Co. (T3S R22W S16). The population consistedof a nearly pure stand ofD. X australis. A few plants of one parent species (D. celsa) were present at the periphery. As the other parent was notevident, this was another example of "hybridization by remote control" noted by Wagner (Amer. Fern J. 33:71-73, 1943).The population was revisited on 20 September and 27 October. Specimens from the first two visits {Orzell1429, UARK) were identified byone of us (Peck) and W. Carl Taylor, Milwaukee Public Museum; specimens from the last site visit (Peck 84680, LRU) were verified by WarrenH. Wagner, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.This is an important discovery in that this is the first report of D. X australis from Arkansasand only the eighth population known of this hybrid. Itoccurs 200 km to the northwest of one of its parents (D. ludoviciana at Warren Prairie,Bradley, Co., AR) and 500 km northwest of the nearest hybrid populations (Baton Rouge, LA).The Arkansas population is the westernmost andnorthwesternmost locality of the hybrid; this is also the third and currently the only extant population known west of the Mississippi River. Frominitialobservations, we would expect to find other localities in the Ouachita Mountains, where populations ofD. celsa have been reported (Taylor.Arkansas ferns and fern allies. Milwaukee Public Museum, 1984) or in the southeastern portion of the state, where D. ludoviciana was recentlylocated at Warren Prairie, Bradley, Co., AR.Funding for this research was provided, in part, by a faculty research grant from the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs and theCollege of Science, Office Research, Science and Technology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock.STEVE L. ORZELL, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, LittleRock, AR 72201, and JAMESH. PECK, Department ofBiology, UniversityofArkansas at Little Rock, LittleRock, AR.LOUISIANALOG FERN (DRYOPTERIS LUDOVICIANA)NEW TO ARKANSASDryopteris ludoviciana (Kunze) Small (Polypodiophyta: Aspleniaceae), a fertile diploid fern of the Southeastern United States, has a relative-ly restricted distribution, frequenting low or wet hammocks, cypress swamps or rocky woods in the Coastal Plain, mainly in Florida, extendingnorthward to North Carolina (Carlson and Wagner. Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. 15:141-162, 1982) and westward with four populations in Alabama,three in Louisiana (Thieret. Ferns and fern allies of Louisiana, 1980), and two in Texas (Correll and Correll. Aquatic and wetland plants of SouthwesternUnited States, 1972). D. ludoviciana exhibits frond dimorphism caused by abrupt differences between constricted, terminal spore-bearing pinnaeand the fullyexpanded sterile pinnae below them. D. ludoviciana was first discovered in Arkansas by Eric Sundell and D. Mclntyre on 18 September,1982, at Warren Prairie Natural Area (Bradley Co.: T13S R9W S13), 20 km west ofMonticello, AR (Sundell &Mclntyre 2864, UAM).Over 100plants were growing in a lowland Quercus phellos L. woods along withanother fern, Lorinseria areolata (L.) Presl. The identity of the specimenwas noted in annotation by J. Peck in October, 1984. Additional specimens (Peck &Peck 84641, LRU) were verified by Warren H. Wagner, Universityof Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI).This discovery of Dryopteris ludoviciana new to Arkansas also represents an important range extension for the species. Only three otherpopulations (Hardin Co. and Tyler Co., Texas and St. Mary Parish, Louisiana) are known to occur west of the Mississippi River; the latter, whichis the closest population to Warren Prairie, is located 350 km to the south of the Arkansas locality (Thomas, Wagner &Messier. Castanea 38:269-274,1973). The occurrence ofthis most northwestern station of D. ludoviciana at Warren Prairie, 123 ha of which were recently purchased for preserva-tion by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, further attests to the importance of the area to Arkansas' natural heritage.This research was sponsored, inpart, by a faculty research grant from Office ofResearch and Sponsored Programs and the College of Science,Office of Research, Science and Technology, at University of Arkansas at Little Rock.JAMES H. PECK, Department ofBiology, University ofArkansas at LittleRock, LittleRock, AR 72204; ERICSUNDELL, Department ofNaturalSciences, University ofArkansas- Monticello, AR 71655; and CAROL J. PECK, Arkansas State Plant Board, LittleRock, AR 72203.OBSERVATIONS AND NEW RECORDS OF FERNS NATURALIZINGINARKANSASThree alien fern species have become naturalized in Arkansas: Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw., Pteris multifida Poir. ex Lam., and Thelypteristorresiana (Gaud.) Alston (Taylor and Demaree, 1979; Taylor, 1984). Their presence here represents the consequences ofeither natural colonizationfrom a distant naturalized population or escape from local cultivation. Careful observation, collection, and documentation of plant occurrenceand distribution data are required to determine which fern plants are truly native and which are recently adventive, escaped, or naturalized (Wagner,1972). Attention must, therefore, be given to what species are being cultivated. Native Arkansas ferns, alien species, and ferns native to the southeasternUnited States and recently found in Arkansas (e.g., Thelypteris kunthii [Desv.] Morton), are cultivated throughout Arkansas as horticultural/land-scape material. Populations that escaped from cultivation willbe difficult to distinguish from populations derived from natural range expansionsinto or across Arkansas.Lygodium japonicum (Schizeaceae), native to«astern Asia, became established in Florida in the 1920's (Small, 1938) and spread northwardto North Carolina and eastward to Texas. It was first collected in Arkansas by C. M. Meyer on 14 October, 1981, in Ashley Co. (Meyer s. n.,LRU). Since then it has been collected at a second Ashley Co. locality (Shepherd s. n., LRU), and at Union Co. (Thomas s. n., LRU). Thesepopulations became established relatively far from known sites ofcultivation, and are considered to be naturalized populations. However, in 1983144Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 46Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1985Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX,1985 145Arkansas Academy of ScienceShepherd observed a juvenile plant of L. japonicum outside his Little Rock residence that obviously developed from spores released by a plantlocated in a neighboring yard, attesting to the potential for this species to escape from cultivation, even when growing as far north as Little Rock.L. japonicum is of particular horticultural interest (Foster, 1964), as the entire above-ground portion, a vine up to 30 feet long in Arkansas,is a single, indeterminate leaf, making this species notable in that it has the longest leaves of any plant in Arkansas. Consequently, L. japonicumis widelycultivated in southern Arkansas. The apparently natural populations ofthis fern may be the consequence ofreproduction by other naturalizedpopulations or by locally cultivated plants. On the other hand, cultivated plants may have been obtained from apparently natural populations atthe edge of town or from a neighbor's horticulturally supplied plants. After sufficient time has passed, the lineage of this fern in Arkansas willbe difficult to resolve.Pteris multifida (Pteridaceae), an apogamous species native to Asia, is now established in eastern North America from Florida northwardto North Carolina and westward to Texas. This species is also a favorite of horticulturalists (Hoshizaki, 1975; Foster, 1964). Itoccurs in Arkansasonly at Hot Springs National Park (Garland Co.), where it was first discovered by Chandler (1941). Earlier fern surveys of the park (Scully, 1939)did not report this species, on the tufa rock behind the bath houses (Taylor, 1981). The fern is also rapidly colonizing newly exposed tufa surfacesassociated with recent development at the park. This species is quite capable of becoming established at other rocky habitats across Arkansas.Its absence elsewhere in Arkansas, and its relatively recent presence behind the bath houses, where it could have escaped from potted plants, sug-gests that it represents a locally escaped population, rather than a naturalized population derived from long-distance spore dispersal.This explanation contrasts with that for Adiantum capillus-veneris L. (Adiantaceae), a native North American species that occurs in the Ozarkregion of Arkansas (Taylor, 1984; Taylor and Demaree, 1979). It too is commonly cultivated (Hoshizaki, 1975; Foster, 1964) and occurs behindthe bath houses at Hot Springs National Park. Its presence at Hot Springs was noticed very early (Lesquereux, 1860; Harvey, 1881). The existenceof early reports suggests that it is native to the park. Without data provided from historical floristic records, the park population of this speciesmight best be considered a local escape from cultivation.Thelypteris torresiana (Thelypteridaceae), native to eastern Asia, was introduced into Florida in 1904, and has spread northward to NorthCarolina and westward to Texas (Leonard, 1972) and was recently reported from Venezuela (Steyermark and Ortega, 1980). It was first reportedin Arkansas from Ashley Co. (Taylor and Johnson, 1979). They emphasized lumbering activities as a factor that opened the habitat, allowingthis fern to become established in southern Arkansas. Since then, a second population, growing under a bridge, was discovered in Ashley Co.(Peck 84899, LRU) and a third population, constituting a significant range extension, was discovered some 80 km to the north in mature bot-tomland hardwood forest at Moro Bottoms, Cleveland Co. (Peacock s. n., LRU).At this last site, the fern was growing in partial shade on exposed,elevated earth covering the upturned roots of a fallen tree (tip-up). These new stations suggest that the species can occupy a variety of shadedhabitats, including naturally disturbed microsites within relatively intact, mature forest. Its spread to other sites in Arkansas, therefore, is not limitedto areas with lumbering activities.Thelypteris kunthii (Thelypteridaceae), a species native to the southeastern United States, was first documented in Arkansas from apparentlynatural populations in Ashley Co. (Taylor and Johnson, 1979). This handsome fern is also cultivated in landscaping beds across southern Arkansasand as far north as Lee and Pulaski counties. This species is commonly cultivated in Union Co. where it is also sold under different but synonymousnames, T. augescens and T. normalis (C. Amason, pers. comm. 1984). Cultivation of this species is likely to favor the establishment of new popula-tions by spores, and these may be located some distance from their sources. Itis unlikely that botanists willbe able to discern any differences be-tween populations derived from spores of natural populations, such as those in Louisiana, and populations which came from cultivated plantsin Arkansas.Efforts are presently underway to document the cultivated fern flora of Arkansas. The senior author welcomes receipt of cultivated fernspecimens from Arkansas foridentification or deposition. This research was sponsored in part by a faculty research grant from the Office of Researchand Sponsored Programs and the College of Science, Office of Research, Science and Technology, at University of Arkansas at Little Rock.LITERATURE CITEDCHANDLER, A. 1941. Pteris multifida in Arkansas. Am. Fern. J.31:112.SMALL,J. K.1938. Ferns of the Southeastern States. Hafner Reprint(1964), New York. 517 pp.FOSTER, F. G. 1964. Ferns to know and grow. Hawthorn Books,New York. 282 pp.STEYERMARK, J. A.,and F. ORTEGA. 1980. Thelypteris torresianain Venezulea. Am. Fern. J. 70:80.rARVEY, F. L. 1881. Classified list of the ferns of Arkansas withnotes on the geographical range and habitat of the species. Bot.Gaz. 6:188-190, 213-215.TAYLOR, W. C. 1981. Ferns of the tufa deposits on Hot SpringsMountain, Hot Springs National Park: inventory, status, andmaintenance. Report prepared for Eastern National Park &Monu-ment Association, Philadelphia, PA. 15 pp.rOSHIZAKI, B.J. 1975. Fern growers manual. Alfred A.Knopf, NewYork. 256 pp.TAYLOR, W. C. 1984. Arkansas ferns and fern allies. MilwaukeePublic Museum, Milwaukee, WI. 262 pp.LEONARD, S. W. 1972. The distribution of Thelypteris torresianain the southeastern United States. Am. Fern J. 62:97-99.TAYLOR, W. C, and D. DEMAREE. 1979. Annotated list of the fernsand fern allies of Arkansas. Rhodora 81:503-548.LESQUEREUX, L. 1860. A catalogue of the plants of Arkansas.Pages 346-399. InD. D. Owen. Second report ofgeological recon-naissance of the middle and southern counties of Arkansas madeduring the years 1859 and 1860. C. Sherman &Son, Printers,Philadelphia, PA.TAYLOR, W. C, and D. M. JOHNSON. 1979. Thelypteris inArkansas. Am. Fern J. 69:26-28.rULLY, F. J. 1939. Ferns of Hot Springs National Park andvicinity.Natural History Journal No. 5. Hot Springs National Park,Hot Springs, AR. 37 pp.WAGNER, W. H. 1972. Disjunctions in homosporous vascularplants. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 59:203-217.JAMES H. PECK, Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at LittleRock, Little Rock, AR 72204; LANCEPEACOCK, The ArkansasNature Conservancy, LittleRock, AR 72201; and WILLIAMSHEPHERD, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, LittleRock, AR 72201.145Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 46https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/46

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Observations and New Records of Ferns Naturalizing in Arkansas

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