Djokic, Marko

Foerch, M

Marx, R

Reyniers, Pieter

Ristic, Nenad

Van Geem, Kevin

English

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

Improving temperature measurement and control using the EXACTUS® optical thermometersPieter A. Reyniers 1, Nenad D. Ristic 1, Marko R. Djokic 1, Kevin M. Van Geem 1, Richard Marx 2, Mark Foerch 31The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX  April 11-14, 20161 Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Belgium2 BASF Temperature Sensing Products, Portland, OR, USA3 BASF Temperature Sensing Products, Frankurt, GermanyTemperature measurementsContact Measurements2The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016Mechanical effectExpansion of gas/liquid/solidElectrical effectΔV between dissimilar metalsChange in metal resistanceOptical effectIntensity of radiationSurface emissivityversus        Non-contact MeasurementsOptical temperature measurementsStefan-Boltzmann law: J = 𝜀 𝜎 𝑇4Total emitted radiation J is difficult to quantifyEmissivity 𝜀 of real body is difficult to quantify, dependent on 𝜆 and TMeasure radiation intensity at a single wavelength3The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016Optical temperature measurementsPlanck law: 𝐼𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦′ 𝜆, 𝑇 =2 ℎ 𝑐2𝜆51𝑒ℎ 𝑐𝜆 𝑘𝐵 𝑇−1Wavelength and temperature dependent  on emissivityMeasure at a single wavelengthAccurately determine emissivity𝐼𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦′ 𝜆, 𝑇 =𝐼𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙′ 𝜆,𝑇𝜀 𝜆,𝑇4The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016EXACTUS® Optical thermometers5The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016Control Firing RateDigital Interface ModuleCollection OpticsAnalog CommunicationPLCDeveloped by the Temperature Sensing Group of BASF Corp.Pilot plant for steam crackingAt Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) of Ghent University6The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016cell 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 4 cell 5 cell 6 cell 7oilflareDHAFURNACE & REACTOR ONLINE ANALYSISFEEDpreheating & mixing reactor zoneP P P PPcondensateGC×GC(4)(5)(9)(1)(1)(6)(2)(3)××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××N2IR-GARGA PGA(10)(11)(8)(12)(7)FEED SECTIONGas/liquid feedCORI-FLOWPREHEATING & MIXINGWater/feed evaporationMixingPreheatingFURNACE & REACTORSilica furnace: 4.0 x 0.7 x 2.6 mReactor coil: l=12 m, d=0.009 mNatural gas fired: 110 wall burnersONLINE ANALYSISC5+ analysis: GC x GCC4- analysis: RGA, PGACO/CO2 analyserPilot plant for steam crackingLaboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) of Ghent University7The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016FEEDPREHEATING & MIXINGFURNACE & REACTORONLINE ANALYSISCONTROL4 temperature measurements used during the testEXACTUS FURNACEEXACTUS® in the Pilot plant8The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016cell 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 4 cell 5 cell 6 cell 7oilflareDHAFURNACE & REACTOR ONLINE ANALYSISFEEDpreheating & mixing reactor zoneP P P PPcondensateGC×GC(4)(5)(9)(1)(1)(6)(2)(3)××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××N2IR-GARGA PGA(10)(11)(8)(12)(7)TK FURNACE EXACTUS ADIABATICTK ADIABATICUsed for controlReference measurementExperimental procedureHC feed: 3000 g/h C2H6, dilution: 0.385 kg/kg, COP: 1.7 bar, 100 ppm sulfur/kg HC (DMDS)Phase 1: Stabilization, fixed set point temperature on TK FURNACEPhase 2: Maintain stable situation with alternative control (set point temperature shown)Phase 3-4: Increase set point temperature to observe transient behaviorEXACTUS® in the Pilot plant9The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016TK FURNACE set pointEXACTUS FURNACE set pointResults: temperature10The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016TK FURNACE averageTK FURNACE set pointEXACTUS FURNACE set pointTK FURNACE measuredEXACTUS FURNACE measuredEXACTUS FURNACE averageExperimental results: temperatureTK FURNACE follows set point adequatelyEXACTUS FURNACE provides similar measurementEXACTUS FURNACE control is successfulTK FURNACE exhibits similar trendResults: temperature11The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016Experimental results: temperatureMaximum deviation on process set point similar for thermocouplecompared to EXACTUS® equipment Maximum deviation on TK FURNACE depends on location of thetemperature measurement: FURNACE outperforms ADIABATICεMAX (process set point) [K] εMAX (TK FURNACE) [K]EXACTUS ADIABATIC 8.59 12.15TK ADIABATIC 7.60 12.58EXACTUS FURNACE 8.34 2.72Results: conversion12The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016Experimental results: ethane conversionExcellent reproducability in Phase 1Decreased conversion in Phase 2Conversion increases with increasingtemperatureHigh standard deviation on TK ADIABATIC in Phase 4Results: conversionThe 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016Experimental results: ethane conversionHow strong is the correlationbetween conversion and thereference temperaturemeasurement TK FURNACE as function of the control method?Good correlation in case of EXACTUS ADIABATIC controlDecent correlation in case of        TK ADIABATIC controlExcellent correlation in case of EXACTUS FURNACE controlEXACTUS® control methodsprovide a stronger correlationbetween reference temperaturemeasurement and the conversion13Results: coke formationThe 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016Experimental results: coke formationLess coke in EXACTUS FURNACE caseSimilar coke yields for ADIABATIC CasesSimilar decoke times for EXACTUS casesHigher decoke time for TK ADIABATIC due to higher coke density14ConclusionsThe 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016EXACTUS® optical thermometer is a viable alternative to traditional contact temperature measurements Higher measurement frequency Lower thermal drift High accuracy Measurement location can be changed during operation: potential for‘scanning’ of the tube metal temperaturesExperiments at the LCT Pilot plant prove the applicability of EXACTUS® forfurnace control Low spread on conversion over time compared to contact measurement Similar coke formation but less dense coke15AcknowledgementsThe 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX, April 11-14, 2016Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO).The Long Term Structural Methusalem Funding16Improving temperature measurement and control using the EXACTUS® optical thermometersPieter A. Reyniers 1, Nenad D. Ristic 1, Marko R. Djokic 1, Kevin M. Van Geem 1, Richard Marx 2, Mark Foerch 317The 28th Ethylene Producers’ Conference, Houston, TX April 11-14, 20161 Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Belgium2 BASF Temperature Sensing Products, Portland, OR, USA3 BASF Temperature Sensing Products, Frankurt, Germany

Improving temperature measurement and control using the EXACTUS® optical thermometers

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Improving temperature measurement and control using the EXACTUS® optical thermometers

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Ghent University Academic Bibliography