The article deals with the problems of morphology. Morphological facts of everyday life are studied from the point of view of its use in a human speech. The conclusion is made that morphology is connected not only with scientific approaches to the language, but with every day use of it

Bieliayeva, O.Yu.

Central Scientific Library

Theory of morphology and morphology in action: main aspects

Електронного архіву Харківського національного університету імені В.Н.Каразіна (Electronic Archive V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University)

МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ ХАРКІВСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ІМЕНІ В.Н. КАРАЗІНА  ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ  КАФЕДРА АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ                     «ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES OF DIVERSE FIELDS  OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY» /  «АКАДЕМІЧНІ ТА НАУКОВІ ВИКЛИКИ РІЗНОМАНІТНИХ ГАЛУЗЕЙ ЗНАНЬ  У 21-МУ СТОЛІТТІ»  МАТЕРІАЛИ  V ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКОЇ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ НАУКОВОЇ КОНФЕРЕНЦІЇ З  МІЖНАРОДНОЮ УЧАСТЮ  Харків, 26 лютого 2016 року    Частина І. HUMANITIES  Частина ІІ. NATURAL SCIENCES  Частина ІII. TECHNICAL SCIENCES              Харків – 2016 ЗМІСТ  Частина I. HUMANITIES   Nevmirich A.S. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Serdiuk V.M.  POLYCULTURE OF UKRAINIAN SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ROMA DIASPORA Ott M. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Guseva A.G.  WOMEN'S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA  Poklonskaya M.A. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Serdiuk V.M.  THE ENDOWMENT FUND AS A SOURCE TO FINANCE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE Romanika T.K. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Сhernovol-Tkachenko O.O. THE GLOBAL FOOD PROBLEM PHENOMENON AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DEVELOPMENT Shyrokorad Y. E. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Chernovol-Tkachenko O.O.  THEORY OF MOFPHOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY IN ACTION: MAIN ASPECTS Simonenko Y.V. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Serdiuk V.M., Bieliayeva O.Yu.  THE FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN COSSACKS Siryk T.U. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Serdiuk V.M.  WAYS OF NEOLOGISM TRANSLATION Sologub K. S. (Kharkiv)  Language supervisor: M. L. Ilchenko  HISTORICAL PECULIARITIES OF JAPANESE WRITING SYSTEM  Sovrasova A.E. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Serdiuk V.M.  PROBLEMS OF THE OVER-THE-COUNTER (OTC) MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE Surin D.V. (Kharkiv)  Language supervisor: Chernovol-Tkachenko O.O.  POTENTIAL EFFECT OF NBIC-CONVERGENCE ON THE EVOLUTION OF CIVILIZATION Sviatukha I.A. (Kharkiv)  Language Supervisor: Chernovol-Tkachenko O.O.  CURRENT STATE OF PR INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE Tarasenko M. D. (Kharkiv)  Scientific supervisor: Soldatenko I. A. Language supervisor: Tkalya I. A.  THE GREAT PANATHENAIA – THE MAIN HOLIDAY OF ATHENS  Varshanidze N.V. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Serdiuk V.M.  THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN INDEPENDENCE IN GREAT BRITAIN  Yurut K.A. (Khmelnytskyi) Language supervisor: Nagorna O.O.  LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY: AESTHETICISM AND ABSURDISM  Zakhlypa D. A. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Bevz N. V. APPLICABILITY OF A. TOYNBEE’S CONCEPTS "CHALLENGE / RESPONSE" TO THE  CONCEPT OF "EMPIRE" Zaporozhchenko R.O. (Kharkiv) Language Supervisor: Peshkova O.G.  PRESSING PROBLEMS OF INVESTIGATING MURDERS COMMITTED BY THE INSANE Zubaha D.V. (Kharkiv) Language supervision: Voronina K.V.    УДК 81’366  THEORY OF MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY IN ACTION: MAIN ASPECTS Simonenko Y.V. (Kharkiv) Language supervisor: Serdiuk V.M., Bieliayeva O.Yu.  Summary: The article deals with the problems of morphology. Morphological facts of everyday life are studied from the point of view of its use in a human speech. The conclusion is made that morphology is connected not only with scientific approaches to the language, but with every day use of it.  Key words: generative grammar, lexicon, linguistics level, morphology, phonology,  syntax.  Анотація: У статті розглядаються проблеми морфології. Морфологічні факти повсякденного життя вивчаються з точки зору її використання в мовленні людей. Зроблено висновок про те, що морфологія пов'язана не тільки з науковими підходами до мови, але і з повсякденним її використанням.  Ключові слова: генеративна граматика, лексика, лінгвістичний рівень, морфологія, синтаксис, фонологія.  Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются проблемы морфологии. Морфологические факты повседневной жизни изучаются с точки зрения использования ее в речи людей.. Делается вывод о том, что морфология связана не только с научными подходами к языку, но и с повседневным ее использованием.  Ключевые слова: генеративная грамматика, лексика, лингвистический уровень, морфология, синтаксис, фонология.  Morphology in modern linguistics is the study of the forms of words, and the ways in which words are related to other words of the same language. Formal differences among words serve a variety of purposes, from the creation of new lexical items to the indication of grammatical structure [6, p. 4].  Morphology stands at the interface between the lexicon, phonology and syntax, and many of the most significant questions concern the way that morphological representations interact with representations at other linguistic levels. At the same time, important questions have been raised about the nature of morphological units and morphological processes.  Generative grammar seeks to provide an explicit, formal theory of language structure. Originally this meant constructing sets of rules, which are ultimately formalizable as mathematical expressions, but which in practice are usually stated in a relatively informal notation.  In linguistics morphology refers to the mental system involved in word formation or to the branch of linguistics that deals with words, their internal structure, and how they are formed [5, p. 6]. The subject of morphology is the study of changes in the rules of words, in other words, it is ways of the formation of different forms of the same word [2, p. 14-15].  The objective of the morphology is the study of the basic concepts of grammar, word distribution of the parts of speech, and the semantic-grammatical classes, the consideration of grammatical categories and the shaping of individual parts of speech, it is also the study of the main grammatical forms in the context [1, p. 5].  The word «morphology» has two different meanings in linguistics: in the first case under the morphology scientists understand some branches of linguistics, and in the second case – some aspects of the language system. When we say, for example, about the features of the Korean verb, we refer to a specific set of rules of the Korean language or of the Korean grammar. But when we use such wording as «the concept was transferred to the morphology of phonetics», we mean, of course, morphology «as a science» that means a set of information about all private morphologies of the world.  In morphology two distinct areas are sometimes distinguished: morphemics describing the morphological means of natural language, and especially the organization of the outside word forms, and grammar describing morphological values, internal side of word forms. The close association of concepts makes the existence of the morphology dependent on the existence of words in a particular language. Meanwhile, this concept is one of the most controversial in linguistics and, most likely, not universal.  A word is an object that exists appart from all languages, and therefore it does not exist in all languages and morphology as a separate section of the grammar. In languages that have no written language, the morphology can not be separated from the syntax: it does not remain an independent object. A word is a syntactically independent set of morphemes forming tightly bound structure.  A word can be combination of words that can not be used in an isolated position. In addition, the elements within a word are connected with each other much more rigid and stronger bonds than the elements of the proposal. These «verbal» languages include, for example, the classic Indo-European languages (Latin, Greek, Lithuanian, Russian). The words may not syntactically behave in the same way as words in this languages [3, p. 13-15]. It is only theoretical knowledge and material that refers to the morphology. As for its reflection in people's lives, it is better to study it directly – in action.  Consider now the following phrases, taken from a Toni Braxton song: Unbreak My Heart, Uncry These Tears. We have never seen anyone unbreak something, and you certainly can’t uncry tears, but every English speaker can understand these words. We all know what it means to unbreak somebody’s heart or to wish that one’s heart were unbroken. If we asked somebody, ―unbreak my heart,‖ we would be asking them to reverse the process of having our heart broken. We can visualize ―uncry these tears,‖ too – we just think of a film running backwards. We can understand these words because we know the meaning of the prefix un-, which basically reverses or undoes an action.  The fact that these particular actions, breaking a heart and crying tears, cannot be reversed only adds poignancy to the song. All human beings have this capacity for generating and understanding novel words. Sometimes someone will create an entirely new word, as J. R. R. Tolkien [7]. Did when he coined the now-familiar term hobbit (which, despite its popularity, is still not listed in the 2000 edition of the American Heritage Dictionary).  But more often than not, we build new words from pre-existing pieces, as with unbreak and uncry. We could easily go on to create more words on this pattern. Novel words are all around us. Jerry Seinfeld has talked about the shushers, the shushees, and the unshushables in a movie theater. Morley Safer was dubbed quirkologist – expert on quirky people – on a special episode of 60 Minutes. For those who hate buffets, the TV character Frasier Crane came up with the term smorgsaphobia. Finally, the longest novel morphologically complex word we have been able to find on our own in the daily press is deinstitutionalization, from the New York Times. [4, p. 4-5].  These are everyday morphological facts, the kind you run across every day as a literate speaker of English. What these words – unbreak, uncry, hobbit, quirkologist, smorgsaphobia, and deinstitutionalization – have in common is their newness. When we see or hear them, they leap out at us, for the simple reason that we have probably never seen or heard them before. It is interesting that novel words do this for us, but novel sentences do not. When we hear a new sentence, we generally do not realize that this is the first time that we heard it.  Thus, it is reasonable to study morphology in everyday use, that is in action. Moreover, it is necessary to consider two sides: both theoretical aspects and its application. Morphology differs from syntax in this way, because morphology is considered as a dynamic process of forming and creating new words and using the same words in a new meaning of the same objects in everyday life.  References  1. Буланин Л. Л. Трудные вопросы морфологии / Л. Буланин. – М.: Просвещение, 1976. – 208 с. 2. Виноградов В.Г. Грамматика русского языка. Том І / В. Г. Виноградов. – М.: 1989. – 306 c. 3. Плунгян В. А. Общая морфология. Введение в проблематику / В. Плунгян. — М.: Едиториал УРСС, 2003. – 384 с. 4. Aronoff M. What is Morphology? / M. Aronoff, K. Fudeman. – Oxford: Blackwell, 2010. – 32 p. 5. Spencer, A.  Morphological Theory / A. Spencer. – Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. –  14 p. 6. Stephen R. Anderson. Morphology / R. Stephen. – Connecticut: New Haven, 2000. – 4 p. Режим доступу: http://cowgill.ling.yale.edu/sra/morphology_ecs.htm 7. Tolkie   J. R. R.   – Режим доступу: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hobbit          

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Theory of morphology and morphology in action: main aspects

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Електронного архіву Харківського національного університету імені В.Н.Каразіна (Electronic Archive V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University)