Guanidinium nonaflate, a novel pure protic organic ionic plastic crystal (POIPC) with an elegant symmetrical cation, is discovered to be a new solid-state proton conductor.</p

Binnemans, Koen

Chen, Xiaoli

De Vos, Dirk E.

Fransaer, Jan

Li, Qingfeng

Luo, Jiangshui

Putzeys, Tristan

Sniekers, Jeroen

Tang, Haolin

Wübbenhorst, Michael

Protic organic ionic plastic crystals (POIPCs) are a type of novel solid-state proton conductors. In this work, guanidinium nonaflate ([Gdm-H][NfO]) is reported to be a model POIPC. Its structure-property relationship has been investigated comprehensively. Infrared analysis of [Gdm-H][NfO] and its deuterated analogue [Gdm-D][NfO] confirms the complete formation of the protic salts. The cations in as-prepared [Gdm-D][NfO] are estimated to consist of [C(ND2)2(NHD)]+ and [C(ND2)3]+ with a molar ratio of around 1:1. The deuteration also proves that each guanidinium cation has six displaceable protons. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that [Gdm-H][NfO] exhibits superior thermal stability in both nitrogen and air atmospheres. Isothermogravimetric analysis reveals its negligible vapor pressure with an estimated high enthalpy of vaporization (120.9 kJ mol-1). Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of [Gdm-H][NfO] show four evident endothermic peaks prior to its melting transition at 186.2 °C with a low entropy of melting (17.70 J K-1 mol-1). Shortly before the onset temperature of melting transition (186.2 °C), partial melting (partial liquefaction) was observed via polarized optical microscopy in the temperature region of 176-186 °C while the reason for partial melting of ionic plastic crystals is not clear yet. Variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction tests confirm the related solid-solid phase transitions and demonstrate that [Gdm-H][NfO] exhibits short-range disorder and long-range positional order in the plastic crystalline phases. Dielectric spectroscopy measurements show that its ionic conductivity reaches 2.1 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 185 °C. The proton conduction in the plastic crystalline phases of [Gdm-H][NfO] is assumed to happen via the vehicle mechanism. In the molten state, the proton conduction follows a combination of the vehicle mechanism and the Grotthuss mechanism (structural diffusion). In summary, due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, POIPCs like [Gdm-H][NfO] are promising electrolyte materials for high temperature (100-200 °C) proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In addition, POIPC-based solid-state proton conductors are also expected to find applications in sensors and other electrochemical devices

Online Research Database In Technology

Guanidinium nonaflate as a solid-state proton conductor

Xiaoli Chen

Haolin Tang

Tristan Putzeys

Jeroen Sniekers

Michael Wübbenhorst

Koen Binnemans

Jan Fransaer

Dirk E. De Vos

Qingfeng Li

Jiangshui Luo

Crossref

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/125730404/Guanidinium_nonaflate_as_a_solid_state_proton_conductor.pdf

Guanidinium nonaflate as a solid-state proton conductor

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Online Research Database In Technology

Crossref