Data from a preliminary evaluation of the eMAST 1.0s psychometric properties, with a crosssectional sample of Australian MSC users

Friesen, Emma

Russell, Trevor G.

Theodoros, Deborah G.

University of Queensland eSpace

Table 1 Participant characteristics 
Descriptives Frequency, n (%) 
Gender  
Female 11 (34) 
Male 21 (66) 
  
Level of SCI (n=30)a  
C5 and above 14 (47) 
C6 to T1 6 (20) 
T2 to T12 9 (30) 
L1 and below 1 (3) 
  
State of residence  
Australian Capital Territory 7 (22) 
New South Wales 7 (22) 
Queensland 6 (19) 
Tasmania 1 (3) 
Victoria  11 (34) 
Notes. N = 32. C = cervical; L = lumbar; SCI = spinal cord injury; T = thoracic. 
a Two participants did not report the neurological level of their SCI. 
 
  
Table 2 Item frequencies for all items in the eMAST 1.0.  
 
Item 
1
 (
ve
ry
 
d
is
sa
ti
sf
ie
d
) 
2
 (
so
m
ew
h
at
 
d
is
sa
ti
sf
ie
d
) 
3
 (
n
ei
th
er
 
d
is
sa
ti
sf
ie
d
 n
o
r 
sa
ti
sf
ie
d
) 
4
 (
so
m
ew
h
at
 
sa
ti
sf
ie
d
) 
5
 (
ve
ry
 
sa
ti
sf
ie
d
) 
0
 (
n
o
t 
ap
p
lic
ab
le
) 
Mean (SD) 
1. Seat shape 1 5 3  8 14  1 3.9 (1.2) 
2. Seat cushioning 1 7 3  6 12  3 3.7 (1.3) 
3. Arm supports 1 3 2 10 16  0 4.2 (1.1) 
4. Lower leg supports 1 6 2 14  7  2 3.7 (1.2) 
5. Back support 1 4 2 11 14  0 4.0 (1.1) 
6. Weight of MSC 2 1 8 10 10  1 3.8 (1.1) 
7. Tilt-in-space 0 2 4  0  4 22 3.6 (1.3) 
8. Recline 1 0 5  5  9 12 4.1 (1.1) 
9. Portability/ foldability/ packability 6 7 6  5  3  5 2.7 (1.3) 
10. Brakes 1 5 6  8 10  2 3.7 (1.2) 
11. Height for transfers 0 3 3 12 10  4 4.0 (1.0) 
12. Works with other equipment 0 1 4 10 11  6 4.2 (0.8) 
13. Propelling & manoeuvring 0 5 1 17  7  2 3.9 (1.0) 
14. Fit through doorways 0 1 2 14 14  1 4.3 (0.7) 
15. Fit in bathroom 0 0 3 11 18  0 4.5 (0.7) 
16. Fit over toilet 0 1 4 11 11  5 4.2 (0.8) 
17. Access to bowel (perianal area) 0 5 4 12 10  1 3.9 (1.1) 
18. Positioning & repositioning 2 6 5 13  5  1 3.4 (1.2) 
19. MSC Stability 1 7 5  8 11  0 3.7 (1.3) 
20. Postural supports 1 3 7 15  6  0 3.7 (1.0) 
21. MSC cleaning & maintenance 1 3 7 14  7  0 3.7 (1.0) 
Note. N = 32. MSC = mobile shower commode; SD = standard deviation. 
Table 3a Inter-item correlations for the eMAST 1.0 MSC Features subscale. 
  1. Seat 
shape 
2. Seat 
cushion 
3. Arm 
support 
4. Lower 
leg support 
5. Back 
support 
6. MSC 
Weight 
7. Tilt-in-
space 
8. Recline 9. Port/ 
fold/ packa 
10. 
Brakes 
1. Seat shape 1.00  .59  .48  .33  .46 -.05 -.13 -.08  .41  .03 
2. Seat cushion  .59 1.00  .14  .51  .46  .09 -.08  .08  .17  .26 
3. Arm support  .48  .14 1.00  .12  .38  .08 -.15 -.22  .38 -.16 
4. Lower leg support  .33  .51  .12 1.00  .58  .30  .22  .16  .06  .27 
5. Back support  .46  .46  .38  .58 1.00  .46  .06  .10  .37  .24 
6. MSC weight -.05  .09  .08  .30  .46 1.00  .27  .31  .19  .16 
7. Tilt-in-space -.13 -.08 -.15  .22  .06  .27 1.00  .41 -.14  .13 
8. Recline -.07  .08 -.22  .16  .10  .31  .41 1.00 -.09  .42 
9. Port/ fold/ packa  .41  .17  .38  .06  .37  .19 -.14 -.09  1.00 -.16 
10. Brakes  .03  .26 -.16  .27  .24  .16  .13  .42 -.16 1.00 
11. Height—transfers -.04 -.08 -.17  .16 -.03 -.04  .04 -.13  .00 -.12 
12. Works—other 
equipment 
-.26  .12 -.26  .15 -.07  .41  .18  .29 -.17  .12 
13. Propel & man.b  .12 -.04  .24  .00  .05 -.05 -.34  .12  .40  .03 
14. Fit through doorways  .20  .16 -.03  .03 -.01 -.10 -.30 -.13  .08  .15 
15. Fit in bathroom  .37  .30  .25  .15  .19  .03 -.26  .07  .21  .10 
16. Fit over toilet  .26  .07  .02  .03  .17 -.11  .03 -.10  .06 -.03 
17. Access to bowel   .40  .08  .31  .26  .12  .07 -.17 -.02  .17 -.13 
18. Position& reposition b  .53  .18  .54 -.09  .21 -.17 -.26 -.21  .32  .01 
19. MSC stability  .13  .08  .04  .34  .30  .27 -.05  .15  .25  .07 
20. Postural support  .33  .27  .16  .26  .37  .17  .29  .47  .10  .28 
21. MSC clean& mainten.d  .12  .14  .41  .28  .39  .22  .02 -.03  .21 -.06 
Note. N = 32. eMAST = electronic Mobile shower commode ASsessment Tool; MSC = mobile shower commode. a Portability / foldability / packability; b Propelling & 
manoeuvring; c Positioning & repositioning; d MSC cleaning & maintenance.  
Table 3b Inter-item correlations for the eMAST 1.0 MSC Performance subscale. 
  11. 
Height 
for 
transfers 
12. Works 
with other 
equip.e 
13. 
Propel 
& man 
14. Fit 
through 
doorways 
15. Fit in 
bathroom 
16. Fit 
over 
toilet 
17. 
Access 
to 
bowel 
18. 
Position & 
repositionc 
19. MSC 
Stability 
20. 
Postural 
support 
21. MSC 
clean & 
mainten.d 
1. Seat shape -.04 -.26  .12  .20  .37  .26  .40  .53  .13  .33  .12 
2. Seat cushion -.08  .12 -.04  .16  .30  .07  .08  .18  .08  .27  .14 
3. Arm support -.17 -.26  .24 -.03  .25  .02  .31  .54  .04  .16  .41 
4. Lower leg support  .16  .15  .00  .03  .15  .03  .26 -.09  .34  .26  .28 
5. Back support -.03 -.07  .05 -.01  .19  .17  .12  .21  .30  .37  .39 
6. MSC weight -.04  .41 -.05 -.10  .03 -.11  .07 -.17  .27  .17  .22 
7. Tilt-in-space  .04  .18 -.34 -.30 -.26  .03 -.17 -.26 -.05  .29  .02 
8. Recline -.13  .29  .12 -.13  .07 -.09 -.02 -.21  .15  .47 -.03 
9. Port/ fold/packa.  .00 -.17  .36  .08  .21  .06  .17  .32  .25  .10  .21 
10. Brakes -.12  .12  .03  .15  .10 -.03 -.13  .01  .07  .28 -.06 
11. Height—transfers 1.00 -.03  .27  .41  .27  .28  .34  .07  .19  .01  .38 
12. Works—other 
equipment 
-.03 1.00  .01  .14  .21  .00 -.21 -.33  .01 -.03 -.20 
13. Propel & man.b  .27  .01 1.00  .53  .49  .16  .35  .33  .09  .15  .13 
14. Fit through doorways  .41  .14  .53 1.00  .78  .46  .31  .19  .07  .06 -.04 
15. Fit in bathroom  .27  .21  .49  .78 1.00  .39  .45  .34  .20  .37  .20 
16. Fit over toilet  .28  .00  .16  .46  .39 1.00  .15  .24 -.24  .01 -.02 
17. Access to bowel  .34 -.21  .35  .31  .45  .15 1.00  .45  .21  .07  .42 
18. Position& repositionc  .07 -.33  .33  .19  .34  .24  .45 1.00 -.01  .18  .33 
19. MSC stability  .19  .01  .09  .07  .20 -.24  .21 -.01 1.00  .35  .40 
20. Postural support  .01 -.03  .15  .06  .37  .01  .07  .18  .35 1.00  .32 
21. MSC clean& mainten.d  .38 -.20  .13 -.04  .20 -.02  .42  .33  .40  .32 1.00 
Note. N = 32. eMAST = electronic Mobile shower commode ASsessment Tool; MSC = mobile shower commode. a Portability / foldability / packability; b Propelling & 
manoeuvring; c Positioning & repositioning; d MSC cleaning & maintenance; e Works with other equipment. 
Table 4 Item analysis 
 
Scale Mean 
if Item 
Deleted 
Scale 
Variance if 
Item 
Deleted 
Corrected 
Item-Total 
Correlation 
Squared 
Multiple 
Correlation 
Cronbach's 
Alpha if 
Item 
Deleted 
1. Seat shape 68.97 123.386 0.456 0.807 0.702 
2. Seat cushioning 69.41 121.926 0.398 0.697 0.706 
3. Arm supports 68.63 132.371 0.232 0.721 0.720 
4. Lower leg supports 69.34 121.265 0.513 0.731 0.697 
5. Back support 68.75 123.484 0.576 0.740 0.697 
6. Weight of MSC 69.09 128.023 0.332 0.652 0.713 
7. Tilt in space 71.66 134.943 0.029 0.647 0.743 
8. Recline 70.25 124.774 0.207 0.701 0.729 
9. Portability / foldability / 
packability 
70.50 127.290 0.276 0.567 0.717 
10. Brakes 69.31 130.028 0.216 0.522 0.722 
11. Height for transfers 69.25 130.581 0.170 0.620 0.727 
12. Works with other equipment 69.38 134.629 0.037 0.673 0.742 
13. Propelling and manoeuvring  69.16 128.394 0.308 0.736 0.715 
14. Fit through doorways 68.59 130.701 0.318 0.869 0.715 
15. Fit in bathroom 68.31 130.093 0.587 0.885 0.708 
16. Fit over toilet 69.25 129.226 0.187 0.527 0.726 
17. Access to bowel (perianal 
area) 
69.03 127.451 0.375 0.752 0.710 
18. Positioning & repositioning 69.47 130.064 0.261 0.673 0.718 
19. MSC Stability 69.13 129.145 0.307 0.531 0.715 
20. Postural supports 69.09 127.055 0.510 0.733 0.704 
21. MSC cleaning & maintenance 69.06 129.286 0.395 0.726 0.711 
Note. N = 32. MSC = mobile shower commode. 
  
Table 5 Test-retest reliability 
 
  95% CI 
Items 
 
ICC (3,1) Lower bound Upper bound 
MSC Features    
1. Seat shape .43  .08 .69 
2. Seat cushioning .62  .33 .81 
3. Arm supports .46  .09 .71 
4. Lower leg supports .78  .57 .89 
5. Back support .62  .31 .81 
6. Weight of MSC .78  .57 .89 
7. Tilt-in-space .87  .73 .94 
8. Recline .33 -.56 .63 
9. Portability/ foldability/ packability .82  .64 .91 
10. Brakes .76  .54 .88 
Overall MSC Features .78  .58 .89 
MSC Performance    
11. Height for transfers .50  .17 .73 
12. Works with other equipment .70  .44 .85 
13. Propelling and manoeuvring .32 -.08 .62 
14. Fit through doorways .72  .47 .86 
15. Fit in bathroom .44  .08 .70 
16. Fit over toilet .78  .57 .89 
17. Access to bowel (perianal area) .59  .28 .79 
18. Positioning & repositioning .79  .59 .90 
19. Stability .72  .47 .86 
20. Postural support .66  .38 .83 
21. MSC is easy to clean & maintain .32 -.07 .62 
Overall MSC Performance .61  .31 .80 
Overall eMAST 1.0 .75  .53 .88 
Note. n = 27. CI = confidence interval; ICC = intra class coefficient; eMAST = electronic Mobile shower 
commode ASsessment Tool; MSC = mobile shower commode. 
  
Table 6 Convergent validity 
Item Mean 
(SD) 
Correlations with eMAST 1.0 (Sig. 2–tailed) 
 
Full scale 
 
Features subscale 
 
Performance 
subscale 
     
eMAST 1.0 (N = 32) 
 
    
Full scale 
 
3.9  
(0.6) 
 
   
Features subscale 
 
3.8  
(0.7) 
 
   
Performance 
subscale 
 
3.9  
(0.6) 
   
QUEST 2.0 (n = 31) a 
 
    
Full scale 
 
3.4  
(0.7) 
 
.65** (.001) .60** (.001) .60** (.001) 
Devices subscale 
 
3.5  
(0.7) 
.70** (.001) .61** (.001) .68** (.001) 
 
SUS (n = 31) a 
 
    
Full scale 
 
 
75.1 
(16.0) 
.63** (.001) .44** (.003) .71** (.001) 
Usability subscale 
 
72.5 
(16.0) 
 
.67** (.001) .21** (.003) .71** (.001) 
Learnability subscale 
 
85.5 
(18.0) 
 
.33 (.001)  .21 (.258) .40* (.027) 
Note. eMAST = electronic Mobile shower commode ASsessment Tool; QUEST 2.0 = Quebec Evaluation of 
Satisfaction with assistive Technology, Version 2; SUS = System Usability Scale (modified).  
a One participant did not complete the QUEST 2.0 or the modified SUS. 
** Correlation is significant at the .01 level (2–tailed).  
* Correlation is significant at the .05 level (2–tailed). 


An instrument to measure mobile shower commode usability: the eMAST 1.0. Tables

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary psychometric evaluation of the electronic mobile shower commode assessment tool (eMAST) 1.0. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional validation study was undertaken with 32 adults with spinal cord injury (SCI), aged 18 years or older, who use mobile shower commodes for toileting and/or showering. The eMAST 1.0, Quebec user evaluation of satisfaction with assistive technology, Version 2.0 (QUEST 2.0), and modified system usability scale (SUS) were administered online via SurveyMonkey. The eMAST 1.0 was re-administered approximately seven days later. Psychometric properties of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were assessed. Findings: As hypothesised, the eMAST 1.0 demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.73, N=32); acceptable test-retest reliability (intra-class coefficient (3, 1)=0.75 (0.53-0.88, 95 per cent confidence interval) (n=27)); and strong, positive correlations with the QUEST 2.0’s devices subscale and modified SUS (Pearson’s correlation coefficients 0.70 and 0.63, respectively). Research limitations/implications: The sample was not fully representative of Australian data in terms of gender, or state of residence, but was representative in terms of SCI level. Age data were not assessed. The sample size was small but adequate for a preliminary psychometric evaluation. Originality/value: The preliminary psychometric evaluation indicates the eMAST 1.0 is a valid and reliable instrument that measures usability of MSCs for adults with SCI. It may be useful for exploring relationships between usability and satisfaction of MSCs

Friesen, Emma L.

Theodoros, Deborah

An instrument to measure mobile shower commode usability: the eMAST 1.0

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:399608/eMASTpsychometricevaluationtables.pdf

An instrument to measure mobile shower commode usability: the eMAST 1.0. Tables

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University of Queensland eSpace

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