Experimental evidence on high-Tc cuprates reveals ubiquitous charge density
wave (CDW) modulations, which coexist with superconductivity. Although the CDW
had been predicted by theory, important questions remain about the extent to
which the CDW influences lattice and charge degrees of freedom and its
characteristics as functions of doping and temperature. These questions are
intimately connected to the origin of the CDW and its relation to the
mysterious cuprate pseudogap. Here, we use ultrahigh resolution resonant
inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) to reveal new CDW character in underdoped
Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+{\delta} (Bi2212). At low temperature, we observe dispersive
excitations from an incommensurate CDW that induces anomalously enhanced phonon
intensity, unseen using other techniques. Near the pseudogap temperature T*,
the CDW persists, but the associated excitations significantly weaken and the
CDW wavevector shifts, becoming nearly commensurate with a periodicity of four
lattice constants. The dispersive CDW excitations, phonon anomaly, and
temperature dependent commensuration provide a comprehensive momentum space
picture of complex CDW behavior and point to a closer relationship with the
pseudogap state
