We present an analysis of the uncertainty in the convergence of iterative
linear solvers when using relative residue as a stopping criterion, and the
resulting over/under computation for a given tolerance in error. This shows
that error estimation is indispensable for efficient and accurate solution of
moderate to high conditioned linear systems (κ>100), where κ is
the condition number of the matrix. An O(1) error estimator for
iterations of the CG (Conjugate Gradient) algorithm was proposed more than two
decades ago. Recently, an O(k2) error estimator was described for
the GMRES (Generalized Minimal Residual) algorithm which allows for
non-symmetric linear systems as well, where k is the iteration number. We
suggest a minor modification in this GMRES error estimation for increased
stability. In this work, we also propose an O(n) error estimator
for A-norm and l2​ norm of the error vector in Bi-CG (Bi-Conjugate
Gradient) algorithm. The robust performance of these estimates as a stopping
criterion results in increased savings and accuracy in computation, as
condition number and size of problems increase