Skoraj desetletje po izbruhu svetovne gospodarske in finančne krize se gospodarstva
držav počasi razvijajo v neko novo normalno stanje, za katero sta značilni nižja stopnja
gospodarske rasti in nekoliko višja stopnja brezposelnosti. Trendi kažejo, da se bolj
konkurenčna gospodarstva hitreje prilagajajo na različne šoke. Ključni dejavnik večje
konkurenčne sposobnosti nacionalnega gospodarstva je dobro organiziran in učinkovit
javni sektor.
Glavni namen magistrskega dela je analiza ključnih vidikov delovanja javnega sektorja v
Sloveniji in Avstriji. Delo podrobneje predstavlja primerjavo Slovenije in Avstrije glede
značilnosti javnega sektorja, stanja javnih financ in javnih izdatkov po namenih, s
poudarkom na izdatkih za izobraževanje, stopnje centralizacije oziroma decentralizacije ter
konkurenčnosti gospodarstva.
Glavne metode raziskovanja so deskriptivna, komparativna in statistična metoda, za
dosego namena magistrske naloge pa sta uporabljeni še metodi sinteze in dedukcije.
V okviru analize je bilo ugotovljeno, da so ključne razlike med Slovenijo in Avstrijo v
strukturi javne uprave, da se Slovenija sooča s prekomernim proračunskim primanjkljajem
(ki ga počasi zmanjšuje), medtem ko v Avstriji prevladuje vzdržen proračunski
primanjkljaj, tretja razlika pa je v javnem dolgu. Obe državi porabita največ denarja za
socialno varnost. Na podlagi analize lahko Slovenijo uvrstimo med države z visoko stopnjo
centralizacije, medtem ko je v Avstriji stopnja centralizacije nižja. Slovenija je najbolj
konkurenčna na področju visokošolskega izobraževanja in usposabljanja, medtem ko so
konkurenčne prednosti Avstrije podjetniške strategije. Davčne stopnje, davčna zakonodaja
ter neučinkovita vladna administracija so glavne ovire večje konkurenčnosti v obeh
državah. Rezultati analize bodo lahko ustrezno pripomogli k nadaljnjim analizam in
študijam.Almost a decade after the outbreak of the global economical and financial crisis, the
economies of different countries are developing in a certain new normal state, which is
characterized by the lower rate of economical growth and by higher unemployment rate.
The trends show that the more competitive economies are able to adapt faster to
different types of impacts. The main factor of increased competitive ability of national
economy is well organized and effective public sector.
The main purpose of this master thesis is analysis of key aspects of public sector
operation in Slovenia and Austria. The thesis deals with the detailed comparison of
Slovenia and Austria in the view of the public sector, public finance rates, public
expenditures by function with the emphasis on expenses for education, the rate of
centralization and decentralization and comparison of the competitive ability of Slovenian
and Austrian economy.
The main methods used in this master thesis are descriptive, comparative and statistical
methods and also method of synthesis and deduction.
The analysis shows, that the main difference between Slovenia and Austria is the
structure of public administration. Slovenia faces excessive budget deficit (which is slowly
decreasing) and public debt, while in Austria dominates constant budget deficit and
excessive public debt. Both countries spend the most for social security. According to the
results of the analysis, Slovenia is a country with a high rate of centralization, while the
rate of centralization is lower in Austria. Slovenia is more competitive in higher education,
while on the other hand Austria is more competitive in corporate strategies. The biggest
barriers in better competitiveness of Austria and Slovenia are tax rates and legislation,
and also ineffective government administration. The results of the analysis have the
potential to aid in further analysis and studies
