This study investigates language preferences and perceptions in the use of the
native language (L1) and second language (L2) by 386 bi- and multilingual
adults. Participants declared that they were maximally proficient in L1 and L2
and used both constantly. A quantitative analysis revealed that despite their
maximal proficiency in the L1 and L2, participants preferred to use the L1 for
communicating feelings or anger, swearing, addressing their children, performing
mental calculations, and using inner speech. They also perceived their
L1 to be emotionally stronger than their L2 and reported lower levels of communicative
anxiety in their L1. An analysis of interview data from 20 participants
confirmed these findings while adding nuance. Indeed, differences in the
use of the L1 and L2 and perceptions of both are often subtle and context-specific.
Participants confirmed the finding that the L1 is usually felt to be more
powerful than the L2, but this did not automatically translate into a preference
for the L1. Longer stretches of time in the L2 culture are linked to a gradual
shift in linguistic practices and perceptions. Participants reported that their
multilingualism and multiculturalism gave them a sense of empowerment and
a feeling of freedom
