Jayawickrama, Janaka

English

Northumbria Research Link

SOCIAL WORK AND DISASTERMANAGEMENT: SOCIAL CAREPERSPECTIVENational Institute of Social DevelopmentDr. Janaka Jayawickrama2012OUTLINE• Disaster Risk Reduction• Complex EmergenciesDisaster Management Cycle•• Humanitarian Assistance• WellbeingDRIVE FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION• Increase of disaster events globally andincreasing disaster costs.• Social, political, cultural, economic andenvironmental implications.• Recognition that prevention is better thanresponse (HFA, 2005).HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER RISKREDUCTION1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is anational and a local priority with a stronginstitutional basis for implementation.2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risksand enhance early warning.3. Use knowledge, innovation and education tobuild a culture of safety and resilience at alllevels.HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER RISKREDUCTION4. Reduce the underlying risk factors.5. Strengthen disaster preparedness foreffective response at all levels.INCREASING DISASTERSNatural Hazards: 2000-2009 there were 385natural disasters an increase of 233% since1980-1989 and 67% increase since 1990-1999.• Increased climatic variability• Increased population pressures• Environmental (???) refugeesCOMPLEX EMERGENCIES• The term ‘complex emergency’ was coined inMozambique in the latter half of the 1980s.• The need for international aid agencies toacknowledge that the humanitarian assistanceneeds were being generated by armed conflictas well as by periodic natural hazards.• Since the end of the Cold War, theinternational community increasingly involvedin ongoing armed conflicts.COMPLEX EMERGENCIES• Characterized by breakdown of government andinternal or external conflict• 1975-1985: 5 Complex emergencies worldwide• By 1995: 50 Complex emergencies worldwide• Conflict has taken over from drought as theprimary cause of famine!• 740,000 people die each year as a result ofconflict• In 2009 there were more IDPs from conflict thanany point since the mid 1990sHUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE: GLOBAL FACTS• Humanitarian budget 1990-2010 increase 12 fold(OECD DAC data).• All databases, despite incompleteness, show a risein natural hazards.• Little disasters or mundane events have greatercumulative impact than large scale events.• The rise in natural hazards dominated by climaticevents, particularly flood and drought.• Rule of thumb: a flood at 10% of the impact ofdrought gets equal media coverage – August 2010Pakistan floods, 2000+ dead and rising, Nigerdrought 400,000 severe malnutrition.HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCEThe humanitarian aid given to people in distress byindividuals, organisations, or governments with thecore purpose of preventing and alleviating humansuffering.The Principles of Humanitarian Aid• Impartiality: no discrimination• Neutrality: do not take sides• Independence: retain autonomyGLOBAL INTERPRETATIONS• Vulnerability associated withunderdevelopment; resilience associated withdevelopment• Under globalisation, a different level of riskWELLBEINGCommunity systems(Sensitive to outsidepressure) – maintain alow level from anoutside view, butsustainable wellbeingInterventions (insensitive to communitysystems) – maintaining a total greaterwellbeing, but insensitivity leads to recurringuncertainties and dangersTIMEUncertainties and DangersLINKING SOCIAL WORK AND DISASTER RISKREDUCTION1. Response2. Rehabilitation3. Reconstruction4. Prevention5. Mitigation6. PreparednessLINKING SOCIAL WORK AND DISASTER RISKREDUCTION1. Attitudes and Values2. Boundaries3. Transitions

Social work and disaster management: social care perspective

Northumbria Research Link
Citation:  Jayawickrama,  Janaka  (2012)  Social  work  and  disaster  management:  social  care 
perspective.  In:  Workshop on Social  Work and Disaster Management,  9 August  2012, Sri  Lanka. 
(Unpublished) 
URL: 
This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/9381/
Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access 
the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the 
individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners.  Single copies of full items can be reproduced, 
displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or 
study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, 
title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata 
page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any  
format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder.  The full policy is available online: 
http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/pol  i cies.html  
This  document  may differ  from the  final,  published version of  the research  and has been made 
available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version 
of the research, please visit the publisher’s website (a subscription may be required.)
                        
SOCIAL WORK AND DISASTER
MANAGEMENT: SOCIAL CARE
PERSPECTIVE
National Institute of Social Development
Dr. Janaka Jayawickrama
2012

OUTLINE
• Disaster Risk Reduction
• Complex Emergencies
Disaster Management Cycle•
• Humanitarian Assistance
• Wellbeing
DRIVE FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
• Increase of disaster events globally and
increasing disaster costs.
• Social, political, cultural, economic and
environmental implications.
• Recognition that prevention is better than
response (HFA, 2005).
HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a
national and a local priority with a strong
institutional basis for implementation.
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks
and enhance early warning.
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to
build a culture of safety and resilience at all
levels.
HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors.
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for
effective response at all levels.
INCREASING DISASTERS
Natural Hazards: 2000-2009 there were 385
natural disasters an increase of 233% since
1980-1989 and 67% increase since 1990-1999.
• Increased climatic variability
• Increased population pressures
• Environmental (???) refugees
COMPLEX EMERGENCIES
• The term ‘complex emergency’ was coined in
Mozambique in the latter half of the 1980s.
• The need for international aid agencies to
acknowledge that the humanitarian assistance
needs were being generated by armed conflict
as well as by periodic natural hazards.
• Since the end of the Cold War, the
international community increasingly involved
in ongoing armed conflicts.
COMPLEX EMERGENCIES
• Characterized by breakdown of government and
internal or external conflict
• 1975-1985: 5 Complex emergencies worldwide
• By 1995: 50 Complex emergencies worldwide
• Conflict has taken over from drought as the
primary cause of famine!
• 740,000 people die each year as a result of
conflict
• In 2009 there were more IDPs from conflict than
any point since the mid 1990s

HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE: GLOBAL FACTS
• Humanitarian budget 1990-2010 increase 12 fold
(OECD DAC data).
• All databases, despite incompleteness, show a rise
in natural hazards.
• Little disasters or mundane events have greater
cumulative impact than large scale events.
• The rise in natural hazards dominated by climatic
events, particularly flood and drought.
• Rule of thumb: a flood at 10% of the impact of
drought gets equal media coverage – August 2010
Pakistan floods, 2000+ dead and rising, Niger
drought 400,000 severe malnutrition.
HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE
The humanitarian aid given to people in distress by
individuals, organisations, or governments with the
core purpose of preventing and alleviating human
suffering.
The Principles of Humanitarian Aid
• Impartiality: no discrimination
• Neutrality: do not take sides
• Independence: retain autonomy
GLOBAL INTERPRETATIONS
• Vulnerability associated with
underdevelopment; resilience associated with
development
• Under globalisation, a different level of risk
WELLBEING
Community systems
(Sensitive to outside
pressure) – maintain a
low level from an
outside view, but
sustainable wellbeing
Interventions (insensitive to community
systems) – maintaining a total greater
wellbeing, but insensitivity leads to recurring
uncertainties and dangers
T
IM
E
Uncertainties and Dangers
LINKING SOCIAL WORK AND DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
1. Response
2. Rehabilitation
3. Reconstruction
4. Prevention
5. Mitigation
6. Preparedness
LINKING SOCIAL WORK AND DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
1. Attitudes and Values
2. Boundaries
3. Transitions


http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/9381/1/Social_Work_and_Disaster_Management.pdf

Social work and disaster management: social care perspective

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Northumbria Research Link

Northumbria Research Link