Caban, A.

Gaweska, M.

Gomulka, A.

Metz, L.

Neoh, K.

Plisko, R.

Rys, P.

Wladysiuk, M.

Wojciechowski, P.

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PCN33
HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN POST-OPERATIVE BREAST CANCER
PATIENTS
Jo MW
University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate health related quality of life
(HRQOL) in post-operative breast cancer patients of Korea.METHODS: A consecu-
tive series of patients with breast cancer who visited to one university hospitals in
Seoul after operation as a primary treatment from Feb to Mar 2012 were recruited.
Their HRQOL was assessed using EQ-5D, SF36 and FACT-B. General and clinical
information was obtained from the interviews and medical chart reviews. HRQOL
was analyzed on general and clinical information of them. RESULTS: Among 487
patients with breast cancer, 487 patients complete the questionnaire. All study
participants were female and their mean age was 52.5. In the aged, low education
group, and divorced or bereaved people, their HRQOL were lower than those of the
other groups, respectively. All correlation coefficients between EQ-5D index, 8
scales of SF-36 and FACT-B score were statistically significant (p0.001,
respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the HRQOL of post-operative
breast cancer patients in South Korea.
DIABETES/ENDOCRINE DISORDERS - Clinical Outcomes Studies
PDB1
RISK FACTORS FOR HYPOGLYCEMIA AMONG VETERANS WITH TYPE 2
DIABETES MELLITUS
Zhao Y1, Campbell C2, Fonseca V2, Shi L2
1Saint Joseph College, Hartford, CT, USA, 2Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors among veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) initiated on new anti-hyperglycemic treatments.METHODS: Electronic re-
cords were obtained for adults with at least 2 records of T2DM diagnosis (ICD-9-CM
codes: 250.xx except for 250.x1 and 250.x3) from the VISN 16 data warehouse from
January 1, 2004 to September 1, 2010. The first dispense date of a new antihyper-
glycemic agent (index drug) was defined as the index date. The hypoglycemia
group and control group were identified by hypoglycemia (ICD-9-CM codes: 250.8,
251.0, 251.1 and 251.2) during index-treatment period and no hypoglycemia during
one-year post-index period, respectively. Select patients had no records of hypo-
glycemia, cardiovascular disease, or microvascular complications during the one-
year pre-index period. A logistic regressionmodelwas employed to identify the risk
factors for post-index hypoglycemia. RESULTS: Among 44,261 patients (hypogly-
cemia: n761, control: n43,500), the incidence rate of hypoglycemia events was
3.57 per 100 patient-years. The hypoglycemia group was more likely to have renal
disease, mental disorder, substance abuse, and tobacco use. More patients under
poor glycemic control (HbA1c7%) was found in the hypoglycemia group (91.4%)
compared to those in the control group (87.8%) (p0.0043). The hypoglycemia
group used significantly more health care resources at baseline than the control
group [hospitalization (14.6% vs. 7.2%, p0.0001); emergency room (32.7% vs. 19.3%,
p0.0001); outpatient visits on average (13.33 vs. 7.34, p0.0001)]. The hypoglyce-
mia group wasmore likely to use insulin at baseline or initiated with insulin as the
index drug. Insulin use (baseline or index) and renal disease were top risk factors
(odds ratio2) in the logistical model. CONCLUSIONS: Among veterans with
T2DM, the hypoglycemia group was in general sicker than the control group. Sub-
populations who were insulin user or with comorbid renal disease were even at
higher risk for hypoglycemia.
PDB2
EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATIENT BURDEN AND RELATED COSTS OF OBESITY IN INDIA
Wojciechowski P1, Metz L2, Mapari J2, Jain M3, Neoh K4, Caban A1, Gaweska M1, Gomulka
A1, Plisko R1, Wladysiuk M1, Rys P1
1HTA Consulting, Krakow, Poland, 2Johnson & Johnson Medical Asia-Pacific, Singapore,
Singapore, 3Johnson & Johnson Medical, New Delhi, India, 4Johnson & Johnson Medical Asia-
Pacific, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
OBJECTIVES: Recent changes in lifestyle has triggered an increased prevalence of
obesity even in developing countries such as India. Obesity is known to be corre-
lated with increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular diseases. The
burden of obesity may be underestimated as Indians are at higher risk of comor-
bidities with comparatively lower BMI. The aim of our research was to assess the
epidemiology and burden of obesity in India.METHODS: International and Indian
medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, dmri.in) as well as archives of Indian med-
ical journals (nmji.in, japi.in) were searched to collect information regarding epi-
demiology and burden of obesity. RESULTS: Our search retrieved 27 relevant pub-
lications. The prevalence of obesity among Indian adultswas setting-dependent. In
rural areas, obesity was diagnosed in 5.1% - 8.5% and 5.2% - 12.7% of men and
women, respectively. In urbanized regions 15.9% - 38.2% of men and 23.5% - 47.6%
of women were obese. Evidence for burden of obesity was sparse and based on
single trials reporting increased risk of diabetes (RR  8.45 [1.09; 65,36]), hyperten-
sion (RR  2.19 [1.16; 4,13]) and breast cancer (RR  2.27 [1.28; 4,01]) in obese as
compared to normal-weight patients. No correlation between overweight and ex-
cessive risk of death was found. Obesity and diabetes place a significant economic
burden on society mainly due to indirect costs including productivity loss, de-
creased household earnings and higher dependence on welfare. Indeed, 15%-25%
of household income is spent on treatment of diabetic patients in India, and with
the rising incidence, this will only worsen over time. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and
diabetes burden the constrained health care system of India and the entire society,
leading to lost productivity and decreased household incomes. With the rising
prevalence, this burden will only worsen unless effective measures to address the
same are put in place.
PDB3
EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATIENT BURDEN AND RELATED COSTS OF OBESITY IN CHINA
Wojciechowski P1, Metz L2, Neoh K3, Caban A1, Gaweska M1, Gomulka A1, Plisko R1,
Wladysiuk M1, Rys P1
1HTA Consulting, Krakow, Poland, 2Johnson & Johnson Medical Asia-Pacific, Singapore,
Singapore, 3Johnson & Johnson Medical Asia-Pacific, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a cause of more deaths than malnutrition in most high/
middle income countries. Asians are especially likely to accumulate intra-abdom-
inal fat increasing a risk of obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of our research
was to assess the epidemiology and burden of obesity in China. METHODS: Inter-
national and Chinese medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, wanfangdata.com,
cqvip.com, cnki.net, docin.com, wenku.baidu.com) were searched to collect infor-
mation regarding epidemiology and burden of obesity. RESULTS: Our search re-
trieved 34 relevant publications. The prevalence of obesity among Chinese adults
oscillated between 2.7% and 13.1% in rural and urban areas, respectively. Most
often the overall prevalence in combined rural andurban populationswas reported
in the range between 4% and 11.6%. Epidemiological trends reveal an alarming
increase in the prevalence of obesity among Chinese adults, which increased from
0.3%-2.9% in the late ’80s and early ’90s, to 3%-11.4 in the first decade of 21st
century. This increase translates into a growing number of obesity-related dis-
eases, such as hypertension reaching 18.8% in 2002 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM)
affecting 2.6% population. In Beijing, hypertension and T2DM were 25% and 7.7%,
respectively. In the Chinese population, severe obesity increases the risk of death
by 29%. The growing costs of obesity is a burden on health care. The estimated
direct costs of obesity in the year 2000 were nearly $6 billion, while the indirect
costs associated with loss of productivity exceeded $43 billion, corresponding to
0.48% and 3.58% of gross national product (GNP), respectively. The estimates for
productivity loss are rising dramatically to $106 billion in 2025,which represents an
increase to 8.73% of China’s GNP. CONCLUSIONS: The growing rates of obesity and
obesity-related comorbidities is a rapidly growing economic burden on the Chinese
health care system and calls for prevention and treatment strategies.
PDB4
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC-UV METHOD FOR
DETERMINATION OF GLIPIZIDE IN HUMAN PLASMA
Atif M1, Asif M2, Sulaiman SA3, Shafie AA3, Hassali MA4, Saleem F3, Haq N3
1Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, P.Pinang, Malaysia, 2The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,
Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan, 3Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 4Universiti Sains
Malaysia, Penang, Palau Pinang, Malaysia
OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate simple, sensitive and selective HPLCmethod
for determination of glipizide in human plasma. METHODS: Liquid-liquid extrac-
tion method was used to extract glipizide from the human plasma samples. Chro-
matographic separation of glipizide was achieved using C18column (ZORBAX ODS
4.6 X 150mm). The mobile phase was comprised of 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen
phosphate and acetronitrile (65:35, v/v) adjusted to pH 4.25 with glacial acetic acid.
The analysis was run at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min with an injection volume was 20
L. The UV detector was operated at 275 nm. The proposed method was validated
aswith respect to selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, limit of quan-
tification (LOQ) and stability. RESULTS: The calibration curve was linear over a
concentration range of 50 – 1600 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precision and
accuracy values were below 15%. The limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL and the
mean recovery was above 98%. Freeze-thaw, short-term, long-term and post-pre-
parative stability studies showed that glipizide in plasma sample was stable.
CONCLUSIONS: A rapid, simple, selective and sensitive HPLC method for determi-
nation of glipizide in human plasma was successfully developed. The method
showed good recovery, accuracy and precision. The method can be successfully
applied to in pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies to quantify glipizide in
plasma samples.
PDB5
STATIN IS A REASONABLE TREATMENT OPTION FOR PATIENTS WITH
POLYSYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED
CONTROLLED TRIALS
Gao L1, Li SC2
1University of Newcastle, Callaghan, N.S.W., Australia, 2University of Newcastle, Callaghan,
NSW, Australia
OBJECTIVES: To date no consensus has been reached on whether to administer
statin to patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) routinely. Therefore, we
conduct a meta-analysis to synthesize the existing literatures regarding therapeu-
tic effects of statins on PCOS. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was
performed using terms such as polycystic ovary syndrome, ovary polycystic dis-
ease, PCOS, hyperandrogaenemia; exposures including statin, simvastatin, atorv-
astatin, rosuvastatin, lovastatin, mevastatin, pravastatin, lipidemic-modulating
drugs, lipid lowering drugs, and testosterone; study types including randomized
controlled trails or studies or randomized in the following bibliographic databases
from inception to 30 Sep 2011: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Reg-
ister and Biological Abstracts. Identified reference lists were checked manually to
retrieve related papers. RESULTS: In total, four RCTs were included. Three of four
studies were double-blinded while none reported whether of the data was ana-
lyzed using Intention-to-Treat analysis. Serum total testosterone and lipid profiles
were included as investigation outcomes in all four studies. Differences in reducing
serum total testosterone were observed when comparing statin with placebo (Std
MD -3.03, 95%CI -5.85-0.22, P0.03) or statinmetformin with metformin (Std
MD-1.07, 95%CI: -2.06-0.07, P0.04). Heterogeneitieswere detected in both com-
parisons (I296% and 88% respectively). Meanwhile, statinwasmore effective than
placebo in reducing LDL (WMD-0.87, 95%CI -1.18-0.55, P0.0001), TC (WMD-
A659V A L U E I N H E A L T H 1 5 ( 2 0 1 2 ) A 6 0 2 – A 6 8 1


PDB3 Epidemiology, Patient Burden and Related Costs of Obesity in China 

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PDB3 Epidemiology, Patient Burden and Related Costs of Obesity in China

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