The Impartial Observer Theorem of Social Ethics

Abstract

Following a long-standing philosophical tradition, impartiality is a distinctive and determining feature of moral judgments, especially in matters of distributive justice. This broad ethical tradition was revived in welfare economics by Vickrey, and above all, Harsanyi, under the form of the so-called Impartial Observer Theorem. The paper offers an analytical reconstruction of this argument, using a simple mathematical formalism, as well as a conceptual critique of each its premisses.Utilitarianism, Impartiality, Sympathy, Von Neumann- Morgenstern Utility Theory, Subjective Probability.