Arenas, J.

Blanco, F.J.

Fernández-López, C.

Fernández-Moreno, M.

Galdo, F.

González, A.

Gómez-Reino, J.J.

Rego, I.

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370 THE mtDNA HAPLOGROUP J IS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR TO HIP AND KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS 

Poster Presentations – Imaging S159
370 THE mtDNA HAPLOGROUP J IS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR TO
HIP AND KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS
I. Rego1, M. Ferna´ndez-Moreno1, C. Ferna´ndez-Lo´pez1, A. Gonza´lez2,
J.J. Go´mez-Reino2, J. Arenas3, F. Galdo1, F.J. Blanco1. 1Osteoarticular
and Aging Research Lab. Rheumatology Division. INIBIC-Hospital
Universtiario Juan Canalejo, Corun˜a, SPAIN, 2Laboratorio de
Investigacion 2 and Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario
de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Corun˜a, SPAIN, 3Unidad de
Investigacion. Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, SPAIN
Purpose: Despite the glycolytic nature of articular chondrocytes, some
studies indicate that the mitochondrion is implicated in OA. To test the
hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA haplogroups contribute to the preva-
lence of OA, we analyzed the European mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
haplogroups of knee and hip OA patients and healthy controls in a
Spanish population.
Methods: We combined the single base extension (SBE) assay with
the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism
(PCR-RFLP) technique to obtain the different single nucleotide polymor-
phisms (SNPs) that characterize the European haplogroups in 457 cases
of knee OA and 262 radiological controls. Knee OA samples were
previously classiﬁed according to Kellgren and Lawrence scoring from
Grade I to Grade IV. In order to replicate these results, we carried out a
conﬁrmatory study in 514 cases of hip OA and 578 symptomatic controls.
Results: Individuals carrying haplogroup J showed a signiﬁcantly de-
creased risk of knee OA (odds ratio (OR) = 0.460; 95% conﬁdence in-
terval (CI): 0.282−0.748; p = 0.002). Regarding to Kellgren and Lawrence
scoring, those individuals carrying haplogroup J had a less severe pro-
gression of knee OA (OR=0.351; 95%CI: 0.156−0.787; p = 0.012), while
those individuals carrying haplogroup U had a more severe progression
(OR=1.788; 95%CI: 1.094−2.922; p = 0.025). In the same way, individ-
uals carrying haplogroup J showed a signiﬁcantly decreased risk of hip
OA too (OR=0.661; 95%CI: 0.440−0.994; p = 0.046).
Conclusions: People carrying the haplogroup J are at a lower risk for
developing knee and hip OA, and those who do develop knee OA and
carry this haplogroup may have a lessened severity in the progression
of this disease. Those knee OA patients that carry haplogroup U may
have a more severe progression of the disease. These results indicate
that mtDNA haplogroups contribute to the pathogenesis of OA.
Imaging
371 TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES OF ELEMENTAL
DISTRIBUTIONS IN BONE AND CARTILAGE
K. Yamamoto, U.I. Chung. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JAPAN
Purpose: Although bone and cartilage act as reservoir for a member
of elements and the perturbation of these elements are suggested to
contribute to various diseases, little is known about their temporal and
spatial distributions. Therefore the purpose of the present work was to
research on temporal and spatial changes of elemental distributions in
bone and cartilage using the nuclear microscopy technique.
Methods: We performed elemental mapping in bone and cartilage of
normal mouse knee joints. Nine wild-type ICR mice were used in this
study. Three knee joints of mice at the ﬁrst day after birth were removed
and frozen at minus eighty degrees with liquid nitrogen. Three knee
joints of mice at three weeks and twenty weeks after birth were similarly
prepared. Sagittal cross-sections of knee joint in 20 mm thickness were
cut using Cryostat to reduce the possibility of introducing extraneous
metal contamination. The orientation of the section enabled us to obtain
slices comprising different knee regions. The sections were frozen and
inspected by optical microscopy in order to evaluate artifacts produced
during sample manipulation. We measured elemental distributions in
articular cartilage, trabecular bone, cortical bone, joint cartilage, growth
plate, and joint cavity with the elemental mapping method using Energy
Dispersive Spectrometer. Simple quantitative analysis was done triplicate
and each element’s weight percent ratio to Na was calculated.
Results: The elemental mapping revealed that; (1) at one day after birth,
main elements in articular cartilage were Na, O, P, S, and Ca; those in
bone were Na, O, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg; (2) at three weeks after birth main
elements in growth plate were Na, N, O, P, S, Cl, K and Ca; those in joint
cartilage were Na, O, P, S, Cl and K; those in bone were Na, O, P, Ca
and Mg; (3) at twenty weeks after birth, were Na, O, P, S, Cl, K and Ca;
those in bone were Na, O, P, S, K, Ca and Mg. After Na ratios of these
elements were calculated for correction, we investigated the temporal and
spatial changes of each elemental distribution. At the ﬁrst day after birth, a
spatial change was seen in the growth plate cartilage; the more cartilage
matured toward hypertrophy, the more S and Ca it contained. Temporal
changes of elemental distributions in the growth plate cartilage were seen;
the more growth plate aged, the more S and Ca it contained. Temporal
changes of elemental distributions in articular cartilage were seen. The
more articular cartilage aged, the more S and Ca it contained. Temporal
changes of elemental distributions in bone were seen. The more bone
aged, the more Ca and Mg it contained. Spatial changes of elemental
distributions in cortical bone were seen. The more cortical bone matured
toward diaphysis, the more Mg and the less S it contained. On the other
hand, No temporal or spatial changes of elemental distributions in joint
space were seen. No signiﬁcant temporal and spatial changes of P, Cl, K
distributions were seen.
Conclusions: Elemental mapping was effective to gain information el-
emental distributions in bone and cartilage. Elemental distributions in
bone and cartilage change temporally and spatially in vivo. These ﬁndings
may help understand normal skeletal development and pathological pro-
cesses. Although this is a study on normal bone and cartilage, our data
may help discriminate between young and matured cartilage. Moreover,
we believe that it is worth studying healing process of bone fracture,
osteoarthritis and chronic rheumatoid arthritis with this method.
372 DETERMINING PATTERNS OF RADIOGRAPHIC HAND
OSTEOARTHRITIS IN A COMMUNITY-DWELLING
POPULATION OF ADULTS AGED 50 YEARS AND OVER
USING FACTOR ANALYSIS
M. Marshall, D.A. van der Windt, E.E. Nicholls, K.S. Dziedzic. Arthritis
Research Campaign National Primary Care Centre, Keele University,
Staffordshire, UNITED KINGDOM
Purpose: Patterns of radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) are often exam-
ined in joint groups by row: distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs), proximal
interphalangeal joints (PIPs) and metacarpal phalangeal joints (MCPs).
The 1st carpometacarpal (1st CMC) and trapezioscaphoid (TS) joints
at the base of the thumb are often studied separately from the other
joint groups. A recent review of radiographic studies of hand OA found
that the interphalangeal (IP) joint of the thumb has been inconsistently
studied, with the majority of studies (54%) not specifying whether the
joint had been examined or within which joint group it had been classed.
The objective of this study was to determine interrelationships of OA at
different hand joints, particularly the thumb IP and 1st MCP joints using
factor analysis.
Methods: The clinical assessment study of the hand (CAS-HA) is a
prospective population-based cohort of 623 adults aged 50 years and
over with self-reported hand pain or hand problems. Dorsi-palmer x-rays
of the hands were obtained and 16 joints in each hand were scored
systematically for the presence of OA using the Kellgren and Lawrence
(K&L) grading system by a single observer. Radiographic OA for a single
joint was deﬁned as K&L 2. Prior to the start of the study intra-rater
reliability was tested and found to be good for the presence of OA in an
individual joint (mean percentage agreement = 98%, mean kappa = 0.91).
Analysis was completed on the 32 joints using principal components
analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation to study patterns of ROA in the
hand joints.
Results: Of the 623 participants, ﬁve did not have x-rays and 26 were
excluded due to a diagnosis of an inﬂammatory arthritis. Four joints
with less than 5% occurrence of ROA were excluded from the analysis
(4th and 5th MCP joints in both the right and left hands). Four principal
components were extracted and rotated, which explained 44% of variance
in the data.
The joints of the hand grouped into (1) the DIP joints, (2) the PIP joints,
(3) the MCP joints and (4) the thumb joints (including the thumb IP, 1st
MCP, 1st CMC and TS joints). The only exception to this was the left
thumb IP joint, which cross-loaded with the PIP joints (factor loading
value = 0.348) and the thumb joints (factor loading value = 0.328).
Conclusions: In this population factor analysis has shown that the joints
of the thumb, except for the left thumb IP joint, cluster together as a
joint group as do the DIPs, the PIPs and the MCPs joints. Further work
analysing the joints of the thumb should be undertaken to ascertain their
contribution to pain and disability in this population.


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370 THE mtDNA HAPLOGROUP J IS A PROTECTIVE FACTOR TO HIP AND KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

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