Hammond, L.

Mackonis, E. Claridge

Suchowerska, N.

Elsevier - Publisher Connector 

EP-1927: Practical dosimetry solutions to enhance cell biology studies 

S914                                                                                                                                                  ESTRO 35 2016 
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
EP-1926  
Hybrid of cloud computing and workstations for 
radiotherapy planning 
L. Zou
1Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology- Chinese 
Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health 
Engineering, Shenzhen, China 
1,2, Z. Xie2, W. Zhang2, Y. Xie1, L. Xing3 
2Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of 
Radiotherapy- Cancer Center, Chengdu, China 
3Stanford University, Department of Radiation Oncology, 
Stanford, USA 
 
Purpose or Objective: The goal of this work is to develop a 
hybrid environment composed of treatment planning 
system(TPS) workstations and a private cloud 
infrastructure(Radiotherapy Planning Cloud, RTPCloud) for 
radiotherapy planning in routine job.  
 
Material and Methods: The Eclipse(v11.0) workstations were 
distributed by Varian Medical Systems. The RTPCloud was 
based on OpenStack and leveraged the virtual GPU hardware 
(Nvidia Grid k1) and multi-core CPU server (Dell PowerEdge 
R910) to act as infrastructure as an service(IAAS) cloud. In 
the cloud, we created three kinds of virtual machine images: 
Dev-vmi, Workstation-vmi, DCF-vmi. All of them will be used 
for creating functional clusters. All of Eclipse modules were 
transplanted to Workstation-vmi. In addition to what 
Workstation-vmi has, Dev-vmi has a full script development 
and run environment. DCF-vmi only has calculation agent 
components of Eclipse's distributed calculation 
framework(DCF). All of the functional clusters derived from 
those images are scalable and their lifecycles are managed by 
OpenStack REST API. NoMachine is the remote desktop client 
to access virtual machines in the cloud. 
 
Results: Any NoMachine-enabled computer in the hospital 
local area network becomes a Eclipse workstation, when an 
authorized user remotely accesses his virtual workstation. In 
this manner, we got at least three times as concurrent users 
as vender's distribution, and overcome office's location 
constraint. Script development and run cluster gives 
advanced users an isolated environment for automation of 
manual job without occupying those rare clinic workstations. 
The initial outcome is the ContourAutoMargin(CAM), which is 
developed in AutoHotkey script. It realized an automation of 
verbose operation of structures for planning. 10 to 20 
minutes manual work per patient case will be done by 
clicking only one button. DCF Agent Cluster derived from 
DCF-vmi improves the performance of high compute-intensive 
calculation(e.g. Dose calculation) of planning. 
 
Conclusion: Benefits from cloud computing maximize the 
utilization ratio of the expensive software features and 
optimize the radiotherapy planning procedure. The hybrid 
environment is a very powerful solution with high cost 
performance, and will boost the radiotherapy planning in 
clinic and research. 
 
EP-1927  
Practical dosimetry solutions to enhance cell biology 
studies 
E. Claridge Mackonis1, L. Hammond1, N. Suchowerska
1Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Radiation Oncology, Camperdown- 
Sydney, Australia 
1 
 
Purpose or Objective: Our current study of the effects of 
combined therapies on triple negative and HER2 positive 
breast cancer has motivated an evaluation of the 
experimental design for the parallel radiation exposure of 
several cell samples, each representing a different 
therapeutic combination. To evaluate the synergistic effects 
between radiotherapy, chemotherapy and nanoparticles, the 
radiation dose must be accurately known. We focus on 
radiation beam energies and dose rates typically used in the 
clinical environment.  
 
Material and Methods: The cells in clonogenic assays are 
adherent onto the base of the flasks. The dose to the base of 
six different flask designs from two manufacturers, was 
measured using GAFCHROMICTM EBT3 film. The flasks were 
exposed to a 6MV photon beam from a Novalis Tx linear 
accelerator or to a 50kVp, 150kVp or 280kVP photon beam 
from a Pantak kilovoltage unit. For the megavoltage beam, 
the flasks were positioned on virtual water slabs and 
irradiated from below, with the linac gantry at 180°. For the 
kilovoltage beam, the flasks were positioned on the face of 
the cone applicator with the beam directed towards the 
ceiling. For all exposures, the film was placed immediately 
beneath the flask. A CT scan was taken of each flask design 
under the exposure conditions for the MV beam and a plan 
constructed to calculate the dose to the cell layer using the 
Varian EclipseTM treatment planning system. The calculated 
monitor units and dose distribution were compared to the 
measured values. 
 
Results: For the 6MV photon beam, the dose distributions to 
the cell layer in the axial and sagittal planes for three flask 
designs are shown in figure 1. The film measurements were 
consistent with the planned data. For the kV beams, where 
the dose distribution is sensitive to scatter conditions, it was 
found that the calculated dose across all wells and flasks, 
was inconsistent with measurement. Air channels on the 
perimeter of the flask, specific to the flask design, need to 
be filled for reproducible dosimetry. Furthermore, for the 96 
well flask, the perimeter wells were found to have a 
different dose to interior wells. 
 
 
 
Conclusion: This work indicates that when radiation is used 
as a therapeutic agent, insufficient attention to dosimetry 
can substantially compromise cell biology studies leading to 
false conclusions. For studies of combined therapeutic 
interventions, we provide practical solutions to the parallel 
radiation exposure of numerous cell samples, such that 
additional variables are minimised. Our findings are 
applicable to any cell study where radiation exposure is 
involved. 
 
EP-1928  
The Nano-X image-guided adaptive gantry-less linac: 
imaging and dosimetry under phantom rotation 
I. Feain
1University of Sydney, School of Medicine, Camperdown, 
Australia 
1, C.C. Shieh1, P. White2, R. O'Brien1, W. Counter1, M. 
Jackson3, S. Downes2, P. Keall1 
2Prince of Wales Hospital, Nelune Comprehensive Cancer 
Centre, Sydney, Australia 
3School of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia 
 
Purpose or Objective: Innovative solutions for delivering 
high-quality, safe, affordable and appropriate treatment are 
needed to redress a staggering global underutilisation of 
radiotherapy. Nano-X will be a novel image-guided adaptive 
radiotherapy machine, quite different to conventional 
systems. Its key-differentiating feature is a rotating patient 
couch and a gantry-less linac. We present the first 
experimental results demonstrating imaging and dosimetric 


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EP-1927: Practical dosimetry solutions to enhance cell biology studies

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