Furness, James

Pope, Rodney R

English

Background: Injury epidemiology research reveals the knee to be an injury prone region within competitive surfers. Research supports the influence that hip strength has on knee alignment and subsequent injury. Given the high knee injury rates within competitive surfers, assessment of the segments above the site of injury such as the hips are warranted. Furthermore, it is theorized that long abductors and adductor muscles such as Sartorius, Gracilis, Medial Hamstrings and Tensor Fasciae Latae may provide mechanical support to the medial and lateral knee compartments. To date minimal scientific research has been conducted specific to the hip region in a competitive cohort. Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to profile the isometric hip abductor and adductor muscle strength of competitive surfers using a clinical assessment method. A secondary aim was to compare the surfing cohort to a group of age matched recreational athletes. Methods: A total 14 elite surfers (4 females; age 24.5±6.5 years; surf specific land based training 4.7±2.6 hours; weekly surfing frequency 11.6±4.5 hours) and 21 recreational athletes (4 females; age 25.3±2.7 years; land based training 5.9 ± 2.5 hours) participated in the study. Hip abduction and adduction isometric strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) in the supine position with the HHD placed on the medial aspect of the distal tibia for adduction and the lateral aspect for abduction. The recreational athlete group were significantly (p=0.03) heavier (71.3±8.3 vs. 80.0±12.4 kg) and therefore strength values were normalised based on body weight. Normalised force (newtons per kilogram, N/kg) and torque (newton meters per kilogram, Nm/kg) were derived and compared between groups. No significant differences were identified between sides and all values presented were the average of the dominant and non-dominant lower limb. Results: Mean abduction scores for the competitive surfing cohort were as follows; 146.7±32.9 N, 113.9±26.6 Nm, 2.0±0.3 N/kg, 1.6±0.2 Nm/kg. Mean adduction scores were 131.7±29.9 N, 102.4±24.9 Nm, 1.8±0.3 N/kg, 1.4±0.2 Nm/kg. The adduction to abduction strength ratio was 0.9±0.1. A comparative analysis between the competitive surfers and the recreational athletes revealed no significant differences for normalised torque and force for abduction (1.6 vs. 1.6 Nm/kg; 2.0 vs. 2.1 N/kg, respectively). The competitive surfer group displayed significantly higher scores for normalised adduction (1.4 vs. 1.2 Nm/kg; p&lt; 0.01 and 1.8 vs. 1.6 N/kg; p=0.03, respectively). The surfer group exhibited an adduction to abduction strength ratio of 0.9 which was significantly (p&lt; 0.01) higher than the recreational athlete group (0.8). Conclusion(s): An isometric strength profile of the hip abductors and adductors specific to a competitive surfing cohort has been presented. The competitive surfing cohort had significantly stronger adductors and consequently a higher adduction/ abduction ratio when compared with the recreational athlete group. Implications: This study provides a baseline of isometric hip strength specific to competitive surfers who are involved in land based training and surfing. The findings may guide rehabilitation or be used as a bench mark to highlight deficiency. Further research is needed to determine how strength at the hip plays a role in injury prevention and performance enhancement. Key-Words: Surfing, hip, strength Funding acknowledgements: This work was unfunded Ethics approval: Did this work require ethics approval?:Yes Institution: Bond University Ethics Committee: Bond University Human Research Ethics Committee Ethics number: RO161

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Bond UniversityResearch RepositoryDetermining the isometric hip abduction and adduction profile in a competitive surfing cohortFurness, James; Pope, Rodney RPublished: 01/05/2019Document Version:Peer reviewed versionLink to publication in Bond University research repository.Recommended citation(APA):Furness, J., & Pope, R. R. (2019). Determining the isometric hip abduction and adduction profile in a competitivesurfing cohort. PO-E-21-SUN1. Poster session presented at World Confederation for Physical TherapyCongress 2019, Geneva, Switzerland.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repositorycoordinator.Download date: 14 May 2020Determining the isometric hip abduction and adductionprofile in a competitive surfing cohortJames Furnessa,b Rodney PopecaWater Based Research Unit, Bond University, Queensland, Australia; bFaculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University; cCharles Sturt University, New South Wales, AustraliaReferences1Inada, K., Matsumoto, Y., Kihara, T., Tsuji, N., Netsu, M., Kanari, S., . . . Arima, S. (2018). Acute injuries and chronic disorders in competitive surfing: From the survey of professional surfers in Japan. Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 34(3), 256-260. doi:https://femoral pain syndrome patients: a systematic review. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 19(3), 167-176. doi:10.1590/bjpt-rbf.2doi.org/10.1016/j.orthtr.2018.03.1072Hohn, E., Robinson, S., Merriman, J., Parrish, R., & Kramer, W. (2018). Orthopedic Injuries in Professional Surfers: A Retrospective Study at a Single Orthopedic Center. Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine. doi:10.1097/JSM.00000000000005963Nathanson, A., Bird, S., Dao, L., & Tam-Sing, K. (2007). Competitive Surfing Injuries. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(1), 113-117. doi:10.1177/03635465062937024Santos, T. R. T., Oliveira, B. A., Ocarino, J. M., Holt, K. G., & Fonseca, S. T. (2015). Effectiveness of hip muscle strengthening in patello014.0089Background• Previous injury epidemiology research has shown the knee to be an injury prone region within competitive surfers • Research supports the influence that hip strength has on knee alignment and subsequent injury4• It is theorized that the long hip abductors and adductors may provide mechanical support to the medial and lateral knee• Minimal scientific research has been conducted specific to the hip region in a competitive surfing cohortMethods • A cross sectional study design was used• A total 14 elite surfers were recruited from the Surfing Australia High Performance Centre (4 females)• 21 recreational athletes were recruited from Bond University (4 females)• Abduction (Image A) and Adduction (Image B) strength was measured in supine• A belt was used to stabilize the participants pelvis• The examiner maintained a stride stance with the testing elbow positioned against their own iliac spine to limit any movement of the hand-held dynamometer• The hand-held dynamometer was positioned 5cm proximal to the medial / lateral malleolus • Two maximal isometric contractions (separated by 10 seconds) were sustained for 3 seconds for each movement and repeated on each side• The testing order was randomised to test side• To calculate Torque (Newton/ meters) the lever arm was measure from the Greater Trochanter to 5cm proximal to the malleoli• Normalised force (newtons per kilogram, N/kg) and torque (newton meters per kilogram, Nm/kg) were derived and compared between groupsDiscussionThis study presents an isometric strength profile for the hip abductors and adductors specific to a competitive surfing cohort. Results indicate that the competitive surfing cohort had significantly stronger adductors and consequently a higher adduction/ abduction ratio when compared with the recreational athlete group. Purpose• The primary aim of this study was to profile the isometric hip abductor and adductor muscle strength of competitive surfers using a clinical assessment method • A secondary aim was to compare the surfing cohort to a group of age matched recreational athletes Contact: jfurness@bond.edu.auImplicationsThis research provides preliminary information specific to hip abduction and adduction strength in a competitive surfing cohort. The data presented provides a baseline specific to competitive surfers who are involved in both land based training and surfing. The findings may guide rehabilitation or be used as a bench mark to highlight deficiency. Further research is needed to determine how strength at the hip plays a role in injury prevention and performance enhancement. Frequency of acute knee injury ranges from 19-35%1,2,3BA‒ Hip abduction and adduction isometric strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer (Commander PowerTrack IITM (Nihon Medix, Matsudo, Japan))Results cont.• No significant differences were identified for Nm/kg and N/kg for abduction between the competitive surfers and the recreational athletes (1.6 vs. 1.6 Nm/kg; 2.0 vs. 2.1 N/kg, respectively)• As seen in the bar graph, the competitive surfer group displayed significantly higher scores for normalised adduction when compared to the recreational athletes (1.4 vs. 1.2 Nm/kg; p<0.01 and 1.8 vs. 1.6 N/kg; p=0.03, respectively)• The surfer group exhibited an adduction to abduction strength ratio of 0.9 which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than the recreational athlete group (0.8).Results cont.Table 1: Demographics*The recreational athlete group were significantly (p=0.03) heavier (71.3±8.3 vs. 80.0±12.4 kg) and therefore strength values were normalised based on body weight. Table 2: Isometric hip abduction and adduction strength profile of competitive surfers (n = 14)Normalised isometric hip adduction force and torque values for competitive surfers and recreational athletesHip Abduction Hip AdductionForce (N) 146.7 ± 32.9 131.7 ± 29.9Normalised Force (N/kg) 2.0 ± 0.3 1.8 ± 0.3Torque (Nm) 113.9 ± 26.6 102.4 ± 24.9Normalised Torque (Nm/kg) 1.6 ± 0.2 1.4 ± 0.2Competitive SurfersRecreational AthletesAge (years) 24.5 ± 6.5 25.3 ± 2.7Weight (kg) 71.3 ± 8.3 80.0 ± 12.4*Land Based Training (hours) 4.7 ± 2.6 5.9 ± 2.5Weekly Surfing Frequency (hours) 11.6 ± 4.5 -00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.9N/kg Nm/kgCompetitive Surfers Recreational Athletes

Determining the isometric hip abduction and adduction profile in a competitive surfing cohort

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Determining the isometric hip abduction and adduction profile in a competitive surfing cohort

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