Webb, Beata

English

The aim of this paper is to explore theoretical bases and practical applications used in development of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) environments. The paper commences with an overview of world economic megatrends, with a particular focus on digitalisation and the way it influences our jobs as educators. The seminar gives an overview of key concepts in TEL such as changing terminology; background and trends in online education. The paper then examines considerations in designing blended and online learning environments. It emerges from ongoing work developing postgraduate online and blended programs for TESOL teachers at Bond University in Australia. It suggests the application of specific frameworks and examines different approaches to instruction. Further, it proposes strategies used for building both asynchronous and synchronous online learning settings, addressing the application of the theoretical principles. It introduces tools and software applied in designing resources for an asynchronous setting. Further, it suggests strategies for increasing interactivity in the synchronous part of the program, an online virtual classroom. The paper concludes by suggesting additional favourite tools for teachers implementing blended learning into the classroom

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Bond UniversityResearch RepositoryWorld megatrends and education: developing learning environments using digital technologyWebb, BeataPublished: 01/08/2016Document Version:Peer reviewed versionLink to publication in Bond University research repository.Recommended citation(APA):Webb, B. (2016). World megatrends and education: developing learning environments using digital technology.Abstract from TESOL Indonesia 2016 International Conference, Lombok, Indonesia.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repositorycoordinator.Download date: 12 Apr 202023/02/20201Dr Beata WebbDeveloping learning environments using digital technologyWorld megatrends and online education: A global foresight project: Megatrends in World economy2In 2014 I went to Dr Stefan Hajkowicz’s lecture at International Education Conference in Brisbane2009 CSIRO (The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) Hajkowicz, Cook, Littleboy, 2010; 2012, Hajkowicz 2012, 2014, 2015(Hajkowicz, Cook, Littleboy, 2012: 4, Hajkowicz, 2014, Hajkowocz, 2015)▪ the intersection of many trends; ▪ is a major shift in environmental, social and economic conditions that will substantially change the way people live;▪ relevant to contemporary decision makingA Megatrendis an important pattern of social, environmental and economic activity that will play-out in the future. A TREND4Megatrends1. Forever Young (the aging world)2. Going, Going, ...Gone?(biodiversity) 3. The Silk Highway(from East to West) 4.More from Less (less resources more ways) 5. Virtually Here(The digitalisation around us) 6. Great Expectations(less material more good & social experiences)7. The Innovation imperative(tomorrow’s winners innovate today)World megatrends and online education5World megatrends and Bond TESOL onlineMore from lessAccess of the program across the globeVirtually hereProgram’s digital resources via internetGreat expectationsIt’s more about the learning and social experienceThe innovation imperativeInvest today or stay behind tomorrowTESOL ONLINE PROGRAMMission impossible: create MA TESOL online in 1 semesterWhat would you do?© PARAMOUNT PICTURES. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.1 23 45 623/02/20202Our journey 1…..2…..3Our journey…TESOLWhat is TESOL at Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia?Graduate Certificate Master of ArtsDr Beata Webb1. My/our journey...2. Distance or online?3. All these Terms!4. Theoretical framework5. Building online environment– LMS – Asynchronous – Synchronous 7. Myths8. Conclusions What is ‘distance education’? What is ‘online education’? 10▪ USA: 18th century Boston▪ Australia: 1946 using Royal Flying Doctor Service for Schools of the Air▪ Nearly twenty Schools of the Air covering 1.5mln square kilometers▪ Digital age: virtual classrooms in real time‘Distant’ is not a new concept…11http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/school-of-the-air2. Use of broadcasting (limited interaction)▪ Radio: audio-conferencing in 1960s▪ Tele-conferencing (limited due to expense)(video one-way, audio-two-way communication)• (Siemens, 2015)Distance education: from ‘the package’….to online ed121. Correspondence study     (one-way, no interaction) 3. Modern Distance Education: Online (5th generation in other frameworks), Blended and Beyond7 89 1011 1223/02/20203• (Siemens, 2015)Distance education: from ‘the package’….to online education13Taylor (2001) five distance education generations:1. Correspondence model, based on print technology2. Multi-media model, based on print, audio, and video3. Tele-learning model, using telecommunications to provide synchronous communication4. Flexible learning model based on Internet delivery5. Intelligent, flexible learning model based on the interactivity of the Internet14(Kovanovic et al, 2015)Web-based learningE-learningOnline learningLMSComputer-aided instructionTechnology-enhanced learningVirtual learning environmentsBlended-learningOnline educationProliferation of termsDistance and online: what’s the difference?Distance education:▪ teaching and planned learning ▪ teaching occurs in a different place from learning, ▪ requiring communication through technologies and special institutional organizationOnline learning:▪ A form of distance education▪ where technology mediates the learning process, ▪ teaching is delivered completely using the internet,▪ and students and instructors are not required to be available at the same time and place. 15How I see it: DEFINITION of online education▪ A form of distance education▪ where technology mediates the learning process, ▪ Learning is flexible▪ Flexible teaching is delivered completely using the internet,▪ Flexible resources are developed through the collaboration between content, pedagogy, design and technology▪ Flexible learning occurs both synchronously and asynchronously▪ Flexible learning involves all forms of interaction▪ Students and instructors are required to be available at the same time and place at least some parts of the course▪ Virtual face-to-face!16• (In online education▪ Alicia (Vallero, 2017; personal comment): ▪ We are back in the classroom then?▪ Distance is a different concept ▪ Learning in synchronous and▪ Asynchronous environments▪ More learner-centred (anytime, anywhere, any way)▪ Flexible resources▪ Virtual face-to-face17Pedagogy versus Technology:The Great Media Debate▪ Does media influence learning?▪ Is pedagogy all that counts?▪ Pedagogy and technology debate▪ Need for collaboration between approaches to pedagogies and technologies▪ We however found more principal factors…..1813 1415 1617 1823/02/20204Starting pointPedagogySubject Matter ExpertiseTechnologyDesignBuilding a learning environment:▪ Organic holistic concept that embraces ▪ the learning taking place▪ the setting: eco-system of learning that includes the activity and outcomes of learning ▪ The Learner: ▪ Experience/s▪ Expectations▪ Culture & values20• (http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/education/innovative-learning-environments_9789264203488-en#.V6JLYfl96M8#page25; De Corte, 2010)How to build the online environment? Theoretical framework: pedagogy1. Progression of thought and learning2. Make it visual!3. ‘How do I know if I’m learning?’: Gamify it!4. The ADDIE Model Practical building blocks1. Learning Management System2. Asynchronous learning environment3. Synchronous learning environment21 (Mohan & McCain in King, 2015)Text/ ImagesWords/ MusicVideo/AnimationLectures and PresentationsInteractive Discussions Student PresentationsReal World ExperienceVirtual SimulationsCreating Real World ProductsConstructingMultisensoryVerbalListening & SeeingListeningAudioVisualAudio VisualInteractingSeeing1. Progression of Thought and Learning▪ Bloom ▪ Piaget▪ Maslow ▪ Gardner ▪ Vygotsky▪ Rogers A visual summary of the ideas of Theoretical framework(Mohan & McCain in King, 2015)Lower-order thinking skills▪ Telling▪ Remembering & understanding ▪ Receiving▪ Passive learning▪ Teacher-centred Higher-order thinking skills▪ Discovering▪ Applying, analysing, evaluating ▪ Participating ▪ Active learning▪ Student-centred1. Progression of Thought and LearningDevelopment of Mental ProcessesTheoretical framework(Mohan & McCain in King, 2015)▪ Audio▪ VisualAudio-visual▪ Verbal▪ Interacting▪ Multisensory▪ Real world experience▪ Virtual simulations▪ Creating real world products1. Progression of Thought and LearningDevelopment of activities that support learningTheoretical framework19 2021 2223 2423/02/202052. Make it visual!one beer please3. Gamify it!▪ Danny: How do I know if I’m learning?▪ Distraction! ‘Not just the young ones’ anymore…▪ Zichermann: the gamification revolution▪ Generation brought up on games▪ Dopamine: a quick blood rush to the brain▪ Learning: (instant) feedback, friends, fun26(Zichermann, 2014a, b) ▪ A free language learning app▪ 2011: release of Duolingo, Luis von Ahn▪ 2014 June: 30 million people learn languages (11million active)▪ More than people studying than in the US school systemGamification and the new learner27Duolingo4. Design of an Online Course: the ITERATIVE version of the ADDIE Modelgeneric instructional systems development process28(Vallero & Webb, 2014)The framework elements we used▪ Theoretical principles:1. Progression of thought and learning2. Visual3. Gamified4. ADDIE: do it and…re-do it!What do we do now?▪ Building a learning environment29A learning management system (LMS) is a software application for▪ supporting online, blended or face-to-face learning▪ delivery of digital subject/program content,▪ the administration, ▪ documentation, ▪ tracking, reporting and ▪ Blackboard, Moodle, WebCT, Canvas, MOOC platforms.Building a Learning Management System3025 2627 2829 3023/02/20206There is a LOT to choose from313. Synchronous learning1. Learning Management Systemincluding2. Asynchronous learningNext…..Building online environment32Hrastinski in Webb, Vallero, King, Hunter, 2015AsynchronousTeachers and learners are involved in the learning process at different timesSynchronousTeachers and learners are involved in the learning process at the same timeBlackboard sites: (r)evolution1. Building a Learning Management System (LMS): Alicia Blackboard sites: (r)evolutionBuilding a Learning Management System (LMS)Blackboard sites: (r)evolutionBuilding a Learning Management System (LMS)Camtasia and Office Mix Lectures•video•audioPowerPoint•text•images•hyperlinks PDF•text•imagesVideo•Classroom teachingInteractivity & gamification•Quizlet•ilLearn test tool•SocrativeTeam and Individual•Student seminars•Team & individual & research papersInteractive online tutorials•Blackboard CollaborateResources we are developing: a mixed bag31 3233 3435 3623/02/202072. Asynchronous resources37Camtasia and Office Mix Lectures•video•audioOther Video•Classroom teachingInteractivity & gamification•Quizlet•Blackboard test tool•SocrativePDF•Lecture notes•Lecture slides•text•imagesStarting PointVersion 2Version 3Video recordings: evolution in technology and design: from Camtasia to Office Mix2. Asynchronous resources2. Asynchronous resources: ChrisQuizlet, Socrative and Blackboard test tool▪ Addressing learner engagement:▪ Length of the video: how long do you think?2. Pre-recorded content: What’s Office Mix?402. Asynchronous resources▪ Addressing learner engagement:▪ MOOCS mega-data (6.9mln viewers)▪ Length of the video: optimal 6min▪ If longer than 9min, they don’t finish watching it▪ 3min: strongest engagement! ▪ Other studies: no longer than 10 min▪ Many factors come to play• (Guo, Kim, Rubin in Webb, Vallero, King, Hunter, 2015)Length of the video412. Asynchronous resources▪ Addressing learner engagement:▪ Length of the video: how long do you think?▪ Re-organisation of the content▪ Camtasia was superseded in 2015 by the Office Mix, Add-on to PowerPoint 2013 and later▪ Ease of use, very flexible, high selectivity, high interactivity, opportunity for learner-centrednessPre-recorded content: What’s Office Mix?422. Asynchronous resources37 3839 4041 4223/02/20208Un-death by PowerPoint: (r)evolution in design: templatesBoth: Asynchronous and synchronous resourcesUn-death by PowerPoint: (r)evolution in design: templatesBoth: Asynchronous and synchronous resourcesUn-death by PowerPoint: templatesBoth: asynchronous and synchronous resourcesUn-death by PowerPoint: (r)evolution in design: templatesBoth: asynchronous and synchronous resources▪ Blackboard Collaborate➢ From Classic➢ To ULTRA3. Synchronous environment473. Synchronous resources: our virtual face-to-face43 4445 4647 4823/02/20209Blackboard Collaborate: our virtual classroom3. Synchronous resources: our virtual face-to-faceActive learning in class Active learning onlineText/ ImagesWords/ MusicVideo/AnimationLectures and PresentationsInteractive Discussions Student PresentationsReal World ExperienceVirtual SimulationsCreating Real World ProductsConstructingMultisensoryVerbalListening & SeeingListeningAudioVisualAudio VisualInteractingSeeingPrint/text/ PDFs/ PowerPointsP3 lecturesCollaborateVideo/ LecturesTeachingGamification/Self-tests/ Socrative/ Quizlet/ ilearn testCollaborateInteractive tutorials/ discussion board/ discussion on Teaching observation/ Classroom individual and team teaching/Collaborate/Individual & group p oject Learning Resources to addressProgression of Thought and LearningLearning environment: LMS, synchronous & asynchronous Ideally then, online education will mean ▪ Well-designed courses▪ Interactive & engaging content▪ Structured collaboration between peers▪ Flexible deadlines to allow students to pace their learning▪ Continuous monitoring of student progress▪ The provision of formative feedback when needed51What to do to improve the learning experience: research overview▪ Good support for student-student & student-content interactions (more in online…part of a team)▪ Co-operative & collaborative learning▪ Fostering interactions via structured online discussions▪ Instructor’s moderating role in guided discussions important▪ Timely feedback▪ Instructional scaffolds according to student needs▪ Content should be visually engaging and interactive52• (Joksimovicet al 2015: 32 reviews of studies of reviews)Mission accomplished (so far…)Subject MatterPedagogyDesignLearning and teaching resources for learner diversity that maximise student engagement and learning.Breaking the myths on online learning: unicorns1. When do I get my package?2. Students are isolated3. Teaching is robot-like4. Technology gaps make it hard for students5. Younger students have better digital skills 6. Online courses are all the same 7. Cost of training instructors is very high8. You have to be online all the time9. Students don’t have to work so hard: your degree is just a click away5449 5051 5253 5423/02/202010Well-designed frequently updated coursesWith motivating factors: tasks/examples relevant to practice55Students’ perspective: YOU NEED A TEAM!Reasonable level of control and flexibilitySupport to collaborate with peersHigh level of instructor involvement & feedbackWhere are we now:collaborative iterative teamwork process▪ An ongoing developmentand▪ Redevelopment projectWhat makes great teaching?Great teaching!!! TraditionalclassroomVirtual classroomPedagogical content knowledge YES! YES!Quality of instruction YES! YES!Classroom climate YES! YES!Classroom management YES! YES!Teacher beliefs YES! YES!Professional behaviours YES! YES!575 tips from Pokemon Go!1. It’s digital, game-based, social AND viral AND...amazing 2. It's seriously sticky - with incremental rewards and levels 3. It's easy!4. Set 'em up, and let 'em go. 5. It's a real treasure hunt 6. It had some near-misses!58http://www.kineo.com/auThe greatest surprise of all:▪ It’s personal!▪ It’s just as hard or harder than face-to-face…▪ But you are part of a very  strong community▪ Success is a few clicks away ☺59 60THANK YOU FOR LISTENINGDr Beata WebbBond UniversityGold Coast, Australia55 5657 5859 60

World megatrends and education: developing learning environments using digital technology

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World megatrends and education: developing learning environments using digital technology

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