Burgess, Matthew

Galloway, Kathrine

Guihot, Michael

James, Nickolas

Perry-Peterson, Andrea

Walkden-Brown, Jackson

English

Accepting that at least some legal services will no longer be delivered by lawyers, apanel of legal academics and practitioners will discuss and debate the implicationsand consequences – both positive and negative – of the absence of human lawyersfor clients, for the legal system, for the rule of law, for justice, for the widercommunity, and for lawyers and law students. Accepting that at least some legal services will no longer be delivered by lawyers, apanel of legal academics and practitioners will discuss and debate the implicationsand consequences – both positive and negative – of the absence of human lawyersfor clients, for the legal system, for the rule of law, for justice, for the widercommunity, and for lawyers and law students

Bond University Research Portal

Bond UniversityResearch RepositoryThe implications and consequences of law without lawyersJames, Nickolas; Galloway, Kathrine; Walkden-Brown, Jackson; Guihot, Michael; Burgess,Matthew ; Perry-Peterson, AndreaPublished: 19/10/2017Document Version:Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink to publication in Bond University research repository.Recommended citation(APA):James, N., Galloway, K., Walkden-Brown, J., Guihot, M., Burgess, M., & Perry-Peterson, A. (2017). Theimplications and consequences of law without lawyers. Law Without Lawyers, Gold Coast, Australia.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repositorycoordinator.Download date: 10 May 2019Bond UniversityePublications@bondCentre for Professional Legal Education Resources Centre for Professional Legal Education10-19-2017The implications and consequences of law withoutlawyersNick James[Chair] Bond UniversityKate GallowayBond University, kate_galloway@bond.edu.auJackson Walkden-BrownBond University, Jackson_Walkden_Brown@bond.edu.auMichael GuihotQueensland University of TechnologyNigel StobbsQueensland University of TechnologySee next page for additional authorsFollow this and additional works at: http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cple_resourcesPart of the Law CommonsThis Conference Presentation is brought to you by the Centre for Professional Legal Education at ePublications@bond. It has been accepted forinclusion in Centre for Professional Legal Education Resources by an authorized administrator of ePublications@bond. For more information, pleasecontact Bond University's Repository Coordinator.Recommended CitationJames, N., Galloway, K., Walkden-Brown, J., Guihot, M., Stobbs, N., Burgess, M., & Perry-Peterson, A. (2017). The implications andconsequences of law without lawyers. Retrieved from http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cple_resources/4AuthorsNick James, Kate Galloway, Jackson Walkden-Brown, Michael Guihot, Nigel Stobbs, Matthew Burgess, andAndrea Perry-PetersonThis conference presentation is available at ePublications@bond: http://epublications.bond.edu.au/cple_resources/45(6($5&+:((.µ/$::,7+287/$:<(56¶7KXUVGD\FWREHU8QLYHUVLW\&OXE%XLOGLQJ/HYHOIt has been predicted that emergent technologies such as artificial intelligence, ‘lawbots’, smart contracts, automated dispute resolution services and the like will soon replace human lawyers in the delivery of some, most or even all legal services. How persuasive is this claim, and if it does have merit, what are the implications of ‘law without lawyers’ for the rule of law, for justice, for the community, and for law students and lawyers themselves?  Bond University’s Centre for Professional Legal Education (CPLE) will investigate these questions in a one day symposium titled ‘Law Without Lawyers’. The symposium will explore in depth the likely impact of technological innovation on the practice of law, and the implications – both positive and negative – of the possibility that legal services will be delivered without the direct involvement of human lawyers. The symposium will include a keynote address, a panel discussion and debate, and an interactive workshop. Morning tea, lunch and afternoon tea will be provided. Legal practitioners will be eligible to earn up to 3 CPD points for their attendance at the symposium.  6HVVLRQSPSP3$1(/',6&866,21$1''(%$7(µ7+(,03/,&$7,216$1'&216(48(1&(62)/$::,7+287/$:<(56¶6SHDNHUV $VVRFLDWH3URIHVVRU.DWH*DOORZD\±%RQG8QLYHUVLW\&HQWUHIRU3URIHVVLRQDO/HJDO(GXFDWLRQ $VVLVWDQW3URIHVVRU-DFNVRQ:DONGHQ%URZQ±%RQG8QLYHUVLW\&HQWUHIRU3URIHVVLRQDO/HJDO(GXFDWLRQ 'U0LFKDHO*XLKRW±4XHHQVODQG8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\ 'U1LJHO6WREEV±4XHHQVODQG8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\ 0U0DWWKHZ%XUJHVV±9LHZ/HJDO 0V$QGUHD3HUU\3HWHUVRQ±/DZ5LJKW&KDLU3URIHVVRU1LFN-DPHV±%RQG8QLYHUVLW\&HQWUHIRU3URIHVVLRQDO/HJDO(GXFDWLRQAccepting that at least some legal services will no longer be delivered by lawyers, a panel of legal academics and practitioners will discuss and debate the implications and consequences – both positive and negative – of the absence of human lawyers for clients, for the legal system, for the rule of law, for justice, for the wider community, and for lawyers and law students. 6HVVLRQZLOOEHDK\SRWKHWLFDOVHWLQ7KHSDQHOZLOOH[SORUHWKHOHJDOVRFLDODQGSUDFWLFDOLPSOLFDWLRQVRIWKHWHFKQRORJLHVSUHVHQWHGLQ6HVVLRQ7KHK\SRWKHWLFDOZLOOWRXFKXSRQWKHLPSOLFDWLRQVRIWKHWHFKQRORJLHVIRUWKHTXDOLW\DQGHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIOHJDOVHUYLFHVWKHUXOHRIODZDQGDFFHVVWRMXVWLFH1LFNZLOOZDONWKHSDQHODQGWKHDXGLHQFHWKURXJKWKHVFHQDULR$WYDULRXVSRLQWVLQWKHVFHQDULRWKHSDQHOOLVWVZLOOEHDVNHGWRRIIHUFRPPHQWDU\RUREVHUYDWLRQV7KHVHSRLQWVDUHLQGLFDWHGLQWKHVFHQDULRQRWHVEHORZ2WKHUSDQHOOLVWVDUHZHOFRPH±LQIDFWHQFRXUDJHG±WRRIIHUIXUWKHUFRPPHQWDU\RQFHWKHLGHQWLILHGSDQHOOLVWKDVVSRNHQ +<327+(7,&$/,WLV/LQJLVD\HDUROG7DLZDQHVH$XVWUDOLDQOLYLQJRQWKH*ROG&RDVW6KHKDVDOPRVWFRPSOHWHGKHU//%RQOLQHDWWKHQHZO\FUHDWHG*RRJOH8QLYHUVLW\/LQJOLYHVZLWKKHUPRWKHULQDKLJKULVHDSDUWPHQWLQ0HUPDLG%HDFK6KHLVYHU\FRPIRUWDEOHZLWKWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIWHFKQRORJ\LQWRHYHU\DVSHFWRIKHUSHUVRQDOOLIHDQGLVDQHDUO\DGRSWHU7KHVFHQDULREHJLQVZLWK/LQJZDNLQJXSDWKRPH6KHLVZRNHQE\WKHDODUPLQKHUVPDUWZDWFKDQGLPPHGLDWHO\XVHVKHUVPDUWFRQWDFWOHQVWRORRNDWKHUGDLO\VFKHGXOHFKHFNKHUHPDLOVDQGSHUVRQDOPHVVDJHVDQGUHDGYDULRXVEORJSRVWVVRFLDOPHGLDSRVWVDQGWZHHWVE\KHUIULHQGVIDPLO\DQGIDYRXULWHFHOHEULWLHVZKLOHVKHPRYHVDERXWKHUKRXVH0HDQZKLOHKHUYDULRXVGHYLFHVDQGVPDUWWDWWRRVJDWKHUDQGVWRUHLQWKHFORXGGDWDDERXWKHUKHDOWKDQGERGLO\IXQFWLRQVKHUZHLJKW%0,FKROHVWHUROOHYHOEORRGSUHVVXUHEORRGDOFRKROOHYHODQGWKHOLNH:KHQVKHZDONVWRKHUORFDOFRIIHHVKRSWREX\KHUEUHDNIDVWDQDFDLVPRRWKLHKHUGHYLFHVDOVRJDWKHUDQGVWRUHLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWZKDWVKHHDWVKRZPXFKVKHHDWVDQGWKHQXWULWLRQDOFRQWHQWRIWKHIRRG$GHVFULSWLRQRIKHUPHDODORQJZLWKDKLJKUHVROXWLRQSKRWRRIWKHPHDOWDNHQZLWKKHUVPDUWOHQVLVDXWRPDWLFDOO\XSORDGHGWR)DFHERRNDORQJZLWKDFDSWLRQGLFWDWHGE\/LQJµ$EDODQFHGEUHDNIDVWLVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWPHDORIWKHGD\¶7KHVWDWXVXSGDWHDXWRPDWLFDOO\DSSHDUVLQWKHQHZVIHHGVRIPHPEHUVRIKHUVRFLDOQHWZRUN8QIRUWXQDWHO\IRU/LQJ)DFHERRNKDVXSGDWHGLWVDXWRSRVWLQJVHWWLQJVRYHUQLJKW6WDWXVXSGDWHVRQ)DFHERRNQRZDXWRPDWLFDOO\LQFOXGHDQ\SHUVRQDOGDWDJDWKHUHGE\WKHGHYLFHXVHGWRPDNHWKHXSGDWHXVHUVFDQRSWRXWRIWKLVIXQFWLRQ:LWKRXWKHUNQRZOHGJHDQGDSSURYDO/LQJ¶V)DFHERRNSRVWLQFOXGHVLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWKHUZHLJKWDQGEORRGSUHVVXUHDQGWKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKERWKKDYHLQFUHDVHGLQWKHSDVWPRQWK6KHRQO\EHFRPHVDZDUHRIWKLVZKHQVKHUHFHLYHVD)DFHWLPHFDOOIURPKHUPRWKHUH[SUHVVLQJFRQFHUQDERXWKHUKHDOWKx Under current law, is Facebook legally permitted to publicise personal information in this way?x If not (e.g. according to the unfair terms provisions in consumer protection law), what can Ling do about it (without engaging a lawyer)?  x What are the implications for our right to privacy of having devices gathering so much information about us? What if it was, for example, accessed and used by an employer or an insurer?x How does our legal system need to respond to address this issue?  :KHQ/LQJSXUFKDVHGKHUEUHDNIDVWVKHGLGQRWSD\E\FDVKRUVZLSHKHUFUHGLWFDUG5DWKHUWKHWHUPLQDOLQWKHVKRSFRPPXQLFDWHGZLWKKHUHPEHGGHGGHYLFHVWRDXWKHQWLFDWHKHULGHQWLW\DQGIXQGVZHUHLQVWDQWO\WUDQVIHUUHGIURPKHUDFFRXQWWRWKDWRIWKHVKRS/LQJLVHQJDJLQJLQWKHVHVRUWVRIPLFURWUDQVDFWLRQVPRUHDQGPRUHIUHTXHQWO\)RUH[DPSOHUDWKHUWKDQPRQWKO\VKHDQGKHUPRWKHUDUHFKDUJHGIRUWKHLUXWLOLWLHVDWKRPH±SRZHUZDWHU:L)L±FRQVWDQWO\:KHQHYHUVKHXVHV8EHUWRJHWDULGHLQVRPHRQHHOVH¶VGULYHUOHVVFDUVKHLVDXWRPDWLFDOO\FKDUJHGE\WKHRZQHURIWKHYHKLFOHIRUWKHVHUYLFHx How is the authenticity of these transactions ensured (i.e. blockchains) and are they contracts in the legal sense? x What could Ling do if something went wrong and she was charged for something she didn’t use? x How will blockchains, etc. transform the need for and the role of lawyers? /LQJLVMRLQHGDWWKHFRIIHHVKRSE\KHUIULHQG5DM5DMLVDQ,7JUDGXDWHDQGDOVRSUHVHQWO\XQHPSOR\HG/LQJDQG5DMKDYHEHHQZRUNLQJWRJHWKHUWRGHYHORSDQHZDSSWRDVVLVWSHRSOHZKRDUHLQMXUHGZKHQWKH\FROOLGHZLWKDQRWKHUSHUVRQEHFDXVHRIRQHRUERWKEHLQJGLVWUDFWHGE\$57KHDSSLVFDOOHG&$59µFRPSHQVDWLRQIRUDXJPHQWHGUHDOLW\YLFWLPV¶8VHUVDUHFKDUJHGDPRGHVWIHHIRUXVLQJWKHDSSZKLFKDVNVWKHXVHUDVHULHVRITXHVWLRQVDQGWKHQXVHVWKHDQVZHUVWRGUDIWDOHWWHURIGHPDQGIRUFRPSHQVDWLRQIURPWKHRWKHUSHUVRQ7KHOHWWHULVHPDLOHGWRWKHRWKHUSHUVRQ)RUDQDGGLWLRQDOIHHGRFXPHQWVDUHSUHSDUHGE\WKHDSSWRIDFLOLWDWHWKHORGJHPHQWRIDFODLPLQWKH6PDOO&ODLPV7ULEXQDOx Does the technology exist to provide legal services in this way? What is it likely to look like in 5 years’ time?  x By developing this app, are Ling and Raj providing legal advice to members of the public? Who is responsible if something goes wrong? What is the place professional indemnity insurance here? /LQJDQG5DMDUHQRZZRUNLQJRQDGGLWLRQDOIXQFWLRQDOLW\IRUWKH&$59DSS$JDLQIRUDQDGGLWLRQDOIHHWKHDSSZLOOJHQHUDWHIRUWKHMXGJHDQGIRURWKHUDWWHQGHHVLQWKHFRXUWURRPDKRORJUDPRIDQDQLPDWHGODZ\HUDEOHWREHFXVWRPLVHGE\WKHXVHUWRORRNOLNHDQ\RQHRIRYHUIDPRXVKLVWRULFDODQGILFWLRQDOODZ\HUVZKRSUHVHQWVWKHIDFWVRIWKHFDVHDQGWKHOHJDODUJXPHQWLQFRXUW7KHDSSKRORJUDPZLOOHYHQEHDEOHWRGUDZXSRQLWVGDWDEDVHRIKXQGUHGVRIWKRXVDQGVRIQHJOLJHQFHDQGSHUVRQDOLQMXU\SUHFHGHQWVWRDQVZHUVLPSOHTXHVWLRQVDERXWWKHODZDVNHGE\WKHMXGJHx Will AI be capable of this in 5 years’ time? x Does this qualify as self-representation by the user of the app? If not, who is representing the client? If the hologram gets it ‘wrong’, who should be held responsible?/LQJDQG5DMKDYHDQHYHQEHWWHUDSSLQPLQGIRUWKHLUQH[WSURMHFW7KH\ZDQWWRPRGLI\WKHIXQFWLRQDOLW\RI&$59WRFUHDWHDYLUWXDOµ-XGJHV$VVRFLDWH¶WRDVVLVWWKHMXGJHWRPDNHDGHFLVLRQDQGFDOFXODWHWKHTXDQWXPRIDQ\FRPSHQVDWLRQWREHSDLGx Could an AI be used to assist judges in this way? x Should it? (Refer to both benefits of and risks of relying upon technology in this way.),QGLVFXVVLQJWKHDSSZLWK5DM/LQJKDVDQLGHDZK\QRWFXWRXWWKHMXGJHDQGWKHMXGLFLDOSURFHVVHQWLUHO\":KHQHYHUDQDFFLGHQWRFFXUVWKHDSSFRXOGUHYLHZWKHIDFWVDVFDSWXUHGE\WKHGHYLFHVRIWKHUHOHYDQWSHGHVWULDQVDVZHOODVSXEOLFVXUYHLOODQFHIRRWDJHDQGHYHQVDWHOOLWHLPDJHVUHYLHZWKHSUHFHGHQWVGHWHUPLQHIDXOWFDOFXODWHWKHDSSURSULDWHOHYHORIFRPSHQVDWLRQDQGLPPHGLDWHO\WUDQVIHUWKHDPRXQWIURPRQHSHUVRQWRDQRWKHUx Any problems with this? (e.g. rule of law) Include exploration of differences between the app being private (and probably requiring consent of both parties) and being a public, mandated app that everyone must use. /LQJDQG5DMKHDGWRDEDUWRFHOHEUDWHWKHLUEULOOLDQWQHZLGHD$IWHUDIHZGULQNV/LQJGHFLGHVWRZDONKRPHDORQJWKHEHDFKDQGLQDGYHUWHQWO\LQIULQJHVDQHZ4XHHQVODQGODZWKDWKDVPDGHLWLOOHJDOWREHZLWKLQPHWUHVRIWKHVXUIZKLOHLQWR[LFDWHG7KHODZZDVSDVVHGIROORZLQJDVSDWHRIGURZQLQJVRIGUXQNWRXULVWVRQWKH*ROG&RDVW$SROLFHRIILFHUVHHVKHUWULSRYHULQWKHVDQGDVVKHZDONVEDFNXSWKHEHDFKWRZDUGVWKHURDGDQGGHWDLQVKHU+HXVHVKLVRZQVPDUWGHYLFHWRDFFHVV/LQJ¶VSHUVRQDOGDWDRQVRFLDOPHGLDLQFOXGLQJKHUEORRGDOFRKROOHYHODQGWKHSDWKRIKHUUHFHQWMRXUQH\DORQJWKHEHDFKDQGLVVXHVKHUZLWKDQLQIULQJHPHQWQRWLFHx Would such police action be legal under current laws? x Is police access to personal data in this way something that should be facilitated or prohibited? /LQJEHJVWKHSROLFHRIILFHUWROHWWKHPDWWHUJR6KHLVDIWHUDOOEDUHO\LQWR[LFDWHGGLGQ¶WDFWXDOO\JRLQWRWKHZDWHUDQGLVQHDUO\KRPH7KHSROLFHRIILFHUXVHVDQDSSUHFHQWO\LVVXHGE\WKH3ROLFH0LQLVWHUFDOOHGL'LVFUHWLRQ7KHDSSDQDO\VHVWKHIDFWVRIWKHVLWXDWLRQUHYLHZVSUHYLRXVH[HUFLVHVRIGLVFUHWLRQE\RWKHUSROLFHRIILFHUVDFFHVVHV/LQJ¶VVRFLDOPHGLDSURILOHDQGXVLQJSDUDPHWHUVGHWHUPLQHGE\WKH'HSDUWPHQWWHOOVWKHSROLFHRIILFHUKRZWRH[HUFLVHKLVGLVFUHWLRQx Is it better for police officer discretion to be exercised in this way? x What are the wider implications of this, e.g. for the rule of law? 7KHSROLFHRIILFHUOHWVKHUJR:KLOHILQDOO\ZDONLQJGRZQKHURZQVWUHHWWRZDUGVKHUKRPH/LQJ)DFHWLPHVKHUPRWKHUWRDVNKHUWRSUHSDUHDFRIIHHIRUKHU±DQGZKLOHIRFXVVHGXSRQWKHLPDJHRIKHUPRWKHURQKHUVPDUWOHQVFROOLGHVZLWKDQRWKHUSHGHVWULDQ

The implications and consequences of law without lawyers

https://pure.bond.edu.au/ws/files/27349413/The_implications_and_consequences_of_law_without_lawyers.pdf

The implications and consequences of law without lawyers

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