Carlock, Blake

Dawes, Jay J.

Dulla, Joseph

Lockie, Robert G.

Moreno, Matthew R.

Orr, Rob Marc

English

Law enforcement can be a physically demanding profession, where officers may be required to complete low- and high-intensity efforts at various times while on duty. The purpose of academy training is to prepare recruits for these demands. It could be expected that a greater amount of lean body mass (LBM), and less fat mass (FM), would be beneficial to fitness and job-specific performance in law enforcement recruits. Several studies have analyzed these relationships in law enforcement populations, but not in deputy sheriff recruits at the start of academy. The purpose of this study was to measure the relationships between body composition (LBM and FM) and fitness test performance in deputy sheriff recruits prior to academy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 284 (230 males, 54 females) recruits from three academy classes. Health and fitness tests included: LBM and FM as a percentage of body mass derived using bioelectrical impedance analysis; grip strength for both left (L) and right (R) hands; arm ergometer revolutions in 60 s; push-ups and sit-ups completed in 60 s; a 75-yard pursuit run (75PR); seated medicine ball throw (MBT) with a 2 kg medicine ball; vertical jump (VJ); and number of shuttles in the multistage fitness test (MSFT). Partial correlations controlling for sex were used to derive relationships between FM, LBM, and the fitness tests (p &lt; 0.05). Fat mass had small, but significant, negative correlations with: grip strength (L), VJ, push-ups, sit-ups, and MSFT shuttles (r = -0.19 to -0.27). A small, but significant, positive correlation was found between FM and the 75PR (r = 0.23). LBM also demonstrated small, but significant, positive correlations with: grip strength (L), VJ, push-ups, sit-ups, and MSFT shuttles (r = 0.15-0.25). A negative relationship between LBM and the 75PR was also found (r = -0.22). Although correlation strength was generally small, recruits with lower FM and higher LBM tended to perform better on the aerobic and anaerobic fitness tests, while recruits with higher FM and lower LBM tended to perform worse on these measures. Although these relationships may be expected, they have not been documented in a deputy sheriff recruit population. This is important given that the academy training period of 22 weeks, in conjunction with less-thanoptimal training methods (high running volumes with restricted recovery), could lead to reductions in LBM. Law enforcement agency staff should monitor changes in FM and LBM over the course of academy

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Bond UniversityResearch RepositoryRelationships Between Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass with Physical Fitness Performance inDeputy Sheriff RecruitsCarlock, Blake; Moreno, Matthew R. ; Dulla, Joseph; Dawes, James; Orr, Rob Marc; Lockie,Robert G.Published: 01/10/2018Document Version:Peer reviewed versionLink to publication in Bond University research repository.Recommended citation(APA):Carlock, B., Moreno, M. R., Dulla, J., Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., & Lockie, R. G. (2018). Relationships BetweenLean Body Mass and Fat Mass with Physical Fitness Performance in Deputy Sheriff Recruits. Poster sessionpresented at The 38th Annual Meeting of the Southwest Regional Chapter of the American College of SportsMedicine, Costa Mesa, United States.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repositorycoordinator.Download date: 10 May 2019Blake N. Carlock1 w Matthew R. Moreno1 w Joseph M. Dulla2 w J. Jay Dawes3 w Robin M. Orr4 w Robert G Lockie11Center for Sport Performance, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA. 2Recruit Training Unit, Training Bureau, Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA.3Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.4Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia.Relationships Between Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass with Physical Fitness Performance in Deputy Sheriff RecruitsINTRODUCTIONMETHODSCONCLUSIONSRESULTS• The test performance data for the three recruit classes is shown in Table 1.• LBM had small, but significant, positive correlations with: grip strength for both hands, push-ups, sit-ups, VJ, and MSFT shuttles. LBM also had a small, but significant, negative correlation with the 75PR.• FM had small, but significant, negative correlation with: grip strength (L), push-ups, sit-ups, VJ, andMSFT shuttles. FM also had a small, but significant, positive correlation with the 75PR.• Although correlation strength was generally small, recruits with higher LBM and lower FM tended toperform better on the aerobic and anaerobic fitness tests, while recruits with lower LBM and higherFM tended to perform worse on these measures.• Although these relationships between anthropometric measures (body mass, LBM, and FM) andfitness test performance may be expected, they have not been documented in a deputy sheriffrecruit population.• Dawes et al.2 recommends that decreasing FM and increasing LBM could lead to positive changes inphysical fitness performance in law enforcement populations. This is important given that theacademy training period of 22 weeks, in conjunction with less-than-optimal training methods (highrunning volumes with restricted recovery),4 could lead to reductions in LBM.• Law enforcement agency staff should monitor changes in recruits LBM and FM over the course of the22-week academy period.• A retrospective analysis was conducted on recruits from three academy classes. This encompassed atotal of 284 recruits (230 males: age 38 ± 18 years, height 162 ± 34 cm, and body mass 86.5 ± 32.5 kg),and (54 females, age 32.5 ± 12.5 years, height 160.5 ± 11.5 cm, and body mass 64 ± 15 kg).• Health and physical fitness tests occurred in the week prior to the start of academy. The testsincluded: LBM and FM as a percentage of body mass measurements derived using bioelectricalimpedance analysis; grip strength for both left (L) and right (R) hands; revolutions on an armergometer in 60 s; push-ups and sit-ups completed in 60 s to measure muscular endurance; a 75-yardpursuit run (75PR), which was a simulated foot pursuit involving sprinting and direction changes abouta grid (Figure 1);3 seated medicine ball throw (MBT) with a 2 kg medicine ball and vertical jump (VJ) asmeasures of upper- and lower-body power, respectively; and number of shuttles in the multistagefitness test (MSFT) to measure aerobic fitness.• Partial correlations controlling for sex were used to determine if significant relationships existedbetween LBM, FM, and the fitness tests (p < 0.05) on the pooled recruit data (n = 284).References1. Cocke, C., Dawes, J., & Orr, R. (2016). The use of 2 conditioning programs and the fitness characteristics of police academy cadets. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(11), 887-896.2. Dawes, J.J., Orr, R.M., Flores, R.R., Lockie, R.G., Kornhauser, C., and Holmes, R. (2017). A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age. Annals of Occupational andEnvironmental Medicine, 29, doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0173-0, 2017.3. Lockie, R.G., Stierli, M., Dawes, J.J., Cesario, K.A., Moreno, M.R., Bloodgood, A.M., Orr, R.M., and Dulla, J.M. Are there similarities in physical fitness characteristics of successful candidatesattending law enforcement training regardless of training cohort? Journal of Trainology, 7(1), 5-9, 2018.4. Orr, R. M., Ford, K., & Stierli, M. (2016). Implementation of an ability-based training program in police force recruits. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(10), 2781-2787.• Law enforcement is typically a physically demanding profession, where officers may be required tocarry, drag, push, pull, lift, vault, jump, sprint, use force, and sustain running at varied periods whenon-duty.2,4 Academy training is used to prepare recruits for these demanding tasks and thephysicality necessary for duty.1• It could be expected that greater lean body mass (LBM), and less fat mass (FM), should be beneficialto physical fitness and job-specific performance in law enforcement recruits.• There has been some analysis of this in state highway patrol officers, with Dawes et al.2 findingsignificant negative correlations in fitness test performance amongst officers with higher amountsof FM. However, there has been no analysis of the body composition of deputy sheriff recruits atthe start of academy.• The purpose of this study was to measure the relationships between body composition (e.g., LBMand FM), and fitness test performance in deputy sheriff recruits prior to the start of academy.ABSTRACTLaw enforcement can be a physically demanding profession, where officers may be required to complete low- and high-intensity efforts at various times while on duty. The purpose of academy training is to prepare recruits for thesedemands. It could be expected that a greater amount of lean body mass (LBM), and less fat mass (FM), would bebeneficial to fitness and job-specific performance in law enforcement recruits. Several studies have analyzed theserelationships in law enforcement populations, but not in deputy sheriff recruits at the start of academy. The purpose ofthis study was to measure the relationships between body composition (LBM and FM) and fitness test performance indeputy sheriff recruits prior to academy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 284 (230 males, 54 females) recruitsfrom three academy classes. Health and fitness tests included: LBM and FM as a percentage of body mass derived usingbioelectrical impedance analysis; grip strength for both left (L) and right (R) hands; arm ergometer revolutions in 60 s;push-ups and sit-ups completed in 60 s; a 75-yard pursuit run (75PR); seated medicine ball throw (MBT) with a 2 kgmedicine ball; vertical jump (VJ); and number of shuttles in the multistage fitness test (MSFT). Partial correlationscontrolling for sex were used to derive relationships between FM, LBM, and the fitness tests (p < 0.05). Fat mass hadsmall, but significant, negative correlations with: grip strength (L), VJ, push-ups, sit-ups, and MSFT shuttles (r = -0.19 to -0.27). A small, but significant, positive correlation was found between FM and the 75PR (r = 0.23). LBM alsodemonstrated small, but significant, positive correlations with: grip strength (L), VJ, push-ups, sit-ups, and MSFT shuttles(r = 0.15-0.25). A negative relationship between LBM and the 75PR was also found (r = -0.22). Although correlationstrength was generally small, recruits with lower FM and higher LBM tended to perform better on the aerobic andanaerobic fitness tests, while recruits with higher FM and lower LBM tended to perform worse on these measures.Although these relationships may be expected, they have not been documented in a deputy sheriff recruit population.This is important given that the academy training period of 22 weeks, in conjunction with less-than-optimal trainingmethods (high running volumes with restricted recovery), could lead to reductions in LBM. Law enforcement agency staffshould monitor changes in FM and LBM over the course of academy.Table 1. Correlation table for all recruit physical fitness performances. Descriptive data is also indicated in thecorrelation table.Descriptive Data LBM Relationships FM RelationshipsPhysical Fitness Tests Mean ± SD r value p value r value p valueGrip Strength L (kg) 45.77 ± 11.85 .15* .01 -.15* .01Grip Strength R (kg) 47.05 ± 11.25 .12* .04 -.11 .07Arm Ergometer 132.67 ± 20.09 .06 .33 .01 .91Push-ups (no.) 42.73 ± 16.14 .19* .00 -.21* .00Sit-ups (no.) 36.24 ± 10.74 .18* .00 -.19* .0075PR (s) 17.14 ± 1.25 -.22* .00 .23* .00MBT (m) 6.05 ± 1.33 .05 .37 .02 .74VJ (cm) 54.33 ± 13.31 .16* .01 -.17* .01MSFT shuttles (no.) 53.88 ± 17.91 .25* .00 -.27* .00A BFigure 1. (A) The dimensions for the 75-yard pursuit run in meters (m) and (B) the running direction (numbered inorder) for the 75-yard pursuit run. The barriers were 2.44 m long and 0.15 m high.* Significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the two variables.

Relationships Between Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass with Physical Fitness Performance in Deputy Sheriff Recruits

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Relationships Between Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass with Physical Fitness Performance in Deputy Sheriff Recruits

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