Dawes, Jay J.

Dulla, Joseph

Lockie, Robert G.

Moreno, Matthew R.

Orr, Rob Marc

Pakdamanian, Kamran

Pakdamanian, Kayvon

English

Within law enforcement agencies deputy sheriffs are primarily responsible for maintaining order and protecting a community by enforcing laws. Deputy sheriffs may work in custody facilities, where the primary job tasks are inmate supervision and if necessary, restraint. Following custody, deputy sheriffs may be assigned to patrol, where job tasks include the prevention of illegal activities, emergency response, and ensuring the safety of citizens. Depending on the position, shift hours can range from 8- 16 hours (or longer with overtime). Longer shifts may allow for more days off, which in some ways is preferable for some individuals, as it could allow for more family and recreational time. However, long shifts may contribute to greater fatigue and insufficient sleep. The purpose of this study was to provide a pilot analysis as to the potential impact shift length could have on the health and fitness of deputy sheriffs who have been working in custody. A retrospective examination was conducted on 60 deputies. The deputies self-reported their average shift length per week, which provided a split of deputies who typically had custody shift lengths of 12 hours or less (32 males, 5 females), or shifts greater than 12 hours (15 males, 7 females). Health and fitness assessments included: resting heart rate (RHR); resting blood pressure; fat and lean body mass measured via bioelectrical impedance; waist and hip circumference; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); grip strength; push-ups and sit-ups in 60 s; and recovery heart rate from a YMCA 3-min step test. To compare any differences between the groups, univariate repeated measures ANOVA with sex as a covariate was utilized (p &lt; 0.05). After evaluating the information, it was apparent that there were few differences between the groups. However, the RHR of deputies who worked shift hours longer than 12 hours had a significantly lower RHR (80.73 ± 9.47 bpm) in comparison to those deputies working 12 hours or less (94.03 ± 12.36 bpm). Deputies working more than 12 hours also had a significantly lower WHR (0.84 ± 0.07) than those working more than 12 hours (0.89 ± 0.06). Although this is a pilot analysis, working longer shifts had a more favorable RHR and WHR; these longer shifts could have allowed for more time off and the opportunity to make better lifestyle choices. Nonetheless, no other health or fitness characteristics differed between the groups. More investigation is required as to the impacts shift length can have on deputy sheriffs, and strategies to alleviate any negative effects

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Bond UniversityResearch RepositoryA Pilot Analysis of the Effects of Custody Shift Length on the Health and FitnessCharacteristics of Deputy SheriffsPakdamanian, Kayvon; Pakdamanian, Kamran; Moreno, Matthew R. ; Dulla, Joseph; Dawes,James; Orr, Rob Marc; Lockie, Robert G.Published: 01/10/2018Document Version:Peer reviewed versionLink to publication in Bond University research repository.Recommended citation(APA):Pakdamanian, K., Pakdamanian, K., Moreno, M. R., Dulla, J., Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., & Lockie, R. G. (2018). APilot Analysis of the Effects of Custody Shift Length on the Health and Fitness Characteristics of Deputy Sheriffs.Poster session presented at The 38th Annual Meeting of the Southwest Regional Chapter of the AmericanCollege of Sports Medicine, Costa Mesa, United States.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repositorycoordinator.Download date: 10 May 2019Kayvon Pakdamanian1     w Kamran Pakdamanian1 w Matthew R. Moreno1 w Joseph M. Dulla3 w J. Jay Dawes2     w Robin M. Orr4       w Robert G. Lockie11Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA. 2Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.3Recruit Training Unit, Training Bureau, Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA.4Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia. A Pilot Analysis of the Effects of Custody Shift Length on the Health and Fitness Characteristics of Deputy Sheriffs• There were few differences between the groups (Table 1). However, the RHR ofdeputies who worked shift hours longer than 12 hours had a significantly lowerRHR n comparison to those deputies working 12 hours or less.• Deputies working more than 12 hours also had a significantly lower WHR thanthose working more than 12 hours.Within law enforcement agencies deputy sheriffs are primarily responsible for maintaining order and protecting a community byenforcing laws. Deputy sheriffs may work in custody facilities, where the primary job tasks are inmate supervision and if necessary,restraint. Following custody, deputy sheriffs may be assigned to patrol, where job tasks include the prevention of illegal activities,emergency response, and ensuring the safety of citizens. Depending on the position, shift hours can range from 8-16 hours (or longerwith overtime). Longer shifts may allow for more days off, which in some ways is preferable for some individuals, as it could allow formore family and recreational time. However, long shifts may contribute to greater fatigue and insufficient sleep. The purpose of thisstudy was to provide a pilot analysis as to the potential impact shift length could have on the health and fitness of deputy sheriffswho have been working in custody. A retrospective examination was conducted on 60 deputies. The deputies self-reported theiraverage shift length per week, which provided a split of deputies who typically had custody shift lengths of 12 hours or less (32males, 5 females), or shifts greater than 12 hours (15 males, 7 females). Health and fitness assessments included: resting heart rate(RHR); resting blood pressure; fat and lean body mass measured via bioelectrical impedance; waist and hip circumference; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); grip strength; push-ups and sit-ups in 60 s; and recovery heart rate from a YMCA 3-min step test. To compare anydifferences between the groups, univariate repeated measures ANOVA with sex as a covariate was utilized (p < 0.05). After evaluatingthe information, it was apparent that there were few differences between the groups. However, the RHR of deputies who workedshift hours longer than 12 hours had a significantly lower RHR (80.73 ± 9.47 bpm) in comparison to those deputies working 12 hoursor less (94.03 ± 12.36 bpm). Deputies working more than 12 hours also had a significantly lower WHR (0.84 ± 0.07) than thoseworking more than 12 hours (0.89 ± 0.06). Although this is a pilot analysis, working longer shifts had a more favorable RHR and WHR;these longer shifts could have allowed for more time off and the opportunity to make better lifestyle choices. Nonetheless, no otherhealth or fitness characteristics differed between the groups. More investigation is required as to the impacts shift length can have ondeputy sheriffs, and strategies to alleviate any negative effects.• Deputies working longer shifts had a more favorable RHR and WHR. A potentialreasoning for this is that the officers engaging in longer shifts are allowed for moretime off and the opportunity to make better lifestyle choices, which has beensuggested by previous research (2).• Nonetheless, no other health or fitness characteristics differed between thegroups. Since definitive conclusions cannot be made with this pilot data, moreinvestigation is required as to the impacts shift length can have on deputy sheriffsand strategies to alleviate any negative effects• A retrospective examination was conducted on 60 deputies at the start of PatrolSchool, which is a three-week skills refresher program used for deputy sheriffswho have been working in custody prior t transferring to patrol duties.• The deputies self-reported their average shift length per week, which provided asplit of deputies who typically had custody shift lengths of 12 hours or less (32males, 5 females), or shifts greater than 12 hours (15 males, 7 females).• Health and fitness assessments included: resting heart rate (RHR); resting bloodpressure; fat and lean body mass measured via bioelectrical impedance analysis;waist and hip circumference; waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); grip strength for each hand(L and R); push-ups and sit-ups in 60 s; and recovery heart rate from a YMCA 3-min step test.• Within each group, data was combined for the sexes. To compare any differencesbetween the groups, univariate repeated measures ANOVA with sex as a covariatewas utilized (p < 0.05)• Within law enforcement agencies deputy sheriffs are primarily responsible formaintaining order and protecting a community by enforcing laws. Prior to workingpatrol, deputy sheriffs may work in custody facilities, where the primary job tasksare inmate supervision and if necessary, restraint.• Longer work shifts may increase fatigue, decrease alertness, and result in more ofa burnout while the officers are performing their daily duties (1, 3). Thecombination of these factors could potentially impact not only daily workplacetasks/duties, but the overall quality of life of our law enforcement officers.• However, longer shifts may allow officers to have more days off so they can de-stress and have more time to relax in between work days (2).• The purpose of this study was to provide a pilot analysis as to the potential impactshift length could have on the health and fitness of deputy sheriffs who have beenworking in custody.References:1. Åkerstedt, T., Knutsson, A., Westerholm, P., Theorell, T., Alfredsson, L., & Kecklund, G. (2002). Sleep disturbances, work stress and work hours: Across-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53(3), 741-748.2. Coenen, P., Korshøj, M., Hallman, D.M., Huysmans, M.A., Van Der Beek, A.J., Straker, L.M., & Holtermann, A. (2018). Differences in heart ratereserve of similar physical activities during work and in leisure time – A study among Danish blue-collar workers. Physiology & Behavior, 186, 45-51.3. Hulsegge, G., Gupta, N., Proper, K.I., Van Lobenstein, N., Ijzelenberg, W., Hallman, D.N., & Van Der Beek, A.J. (2018). Shift work is associated withreduced heart rate variability among men but not women. International Journal of Cardiology, 258, 109-114.4. Taelman, J., Vandeput, S., Vlemincx, E., Spaepen, A., & Huffel, S. (2011). Instantaneous changes in heart rate regulation due to mental load insimulated office work. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(7), 1497-1505.* Significant (p < 0.05) differences between the two groups. ≤12 hours >12 hours p valueAge (years) 31.75 ± 6.09 32.63 ± 6.73 .892Height (cm) 173.27 ± 7.99 170.81 ± 8.88 .899Body Mass (kg) 89.61 ± 15.45 81.02 ± 16.66 .241RHR (bpm) 94.03 ± 12.36 80.73 ± 9.47 .000*Systolic BP (mmHg) 134.24 ± 16.58 127.32 ± 14.56 .320Diastolic BP (mmHg) 88.45 ± 9.60 83.14 ± 10.64 .123Fat Mass (kg) 89.61 ± 15.45 81.02 ± 16.66 .241Lean Body Mass (kg) 33.11 ± 6.20 34.10 ± 5.13 .114Waist Circum. (cm) 94.81 ± 11.15 87.09 ± 10.66 .059Hip Circum. (cm) 106.34 ± 6.75 103.84 ± 6.89 .325WHR 0.88 ± 0.06 0.83 ± 0.07 .029*Push-ups (repetition no.) 39.18 ± 15.70 38.23 ± 14.07 .560Sit-ups (repetition no.) 31.53 ± 9.63 32.59 ± 7.620 .396YMCA Recovery HR (bpm) 122.42 ± 12.94 118.0 ± 11.60 .315INTRODUCTIONMETHODSCONCLUSIONSRESULTSABSTRACTTable 1: Characteristics of deputy sheriffs who self-reported mean shift lengths of ≤12 hours, or >12 hours. 

A Pilot Analysis of the Effects of Custody Shift Length on the Health and Fitness Characteristics of Deputy Sheriffs

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A Pilot Analysis of the Effects of Custody Shift Length on the Health and Fitness Characteristics of Deputy Sheriffs

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