Balfany, Katherine

Dawes, Jay J.

Dulla, Joseph

Hernandez, Javier

Lockie, Robert G.

Moreno, Matthew R.

Orr, Rob Marc

English

The most popular method for measuring aerobic fitness within US law enforcement agencies (LEA) is the 1.5 mile run (1.5 MI run). A limitation of the 1.5 MI run is that it relies on the recruits’ internal pacing. In contrast, the 20m multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) is more popular globally in tests of LEA recruits and officers, and is externally paced which does not allow the individual to perform at a pace they are comfortable with. Academy training is used to prepare recruits for the rigors of duty and to enhance physical fitness. If training approaches are successful during academy, aerobic fitness as measured by the 1.5 MI run and the MSFT should be relatively similar, in that recruits should be aerobically fit and have the high-intensity running capacity to perform well in both tests. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the 1.5 MI run and the MSFT of deputy sheriff recruits at the end of academy. Retrospective analysis on 5 academy classes from one LEA was conducted (227 males, 34 females). The 1.5 MI run and MSFT were conducted in the last few weeks of the recruits’ 22-week academy. Time was recorded for the 1.5 MI run while total shuttles were recorded for the MSFT; estimated maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) was calculated from both tests. Estimated VO2max from the aforementioned tests was compared with paired samples t-tests. Pearson’s correlations and linear regression scatter plots calculated relationships between the 1.5 MI run and MSFT. Each sex was analyzed separately, with p&lt;0.05 set for all analyses. The VO2max calculated from the 1.5 MI run were significantly greater than those for the MSFT for both males (47.04 vs. 40.88 ml/kg/min), and females (43.16 vs. 37.02 ml/kg/min). The VO2max of the 1.5 MI run significantly correlated with the MSFT for males (r = -0.49) but not females (r = -0.31). The r2 values from the regression equations for males (0.24), and females (0.10) were both low. The results suggest that recruits performed relatively better in the 1.5 MI run compared to the MSFT. The physical training program tended to emphasize calisthenics, interval running circuits that lacked evidence-based work: rest ratios, and distance running; this could have impacted these results. Given the weak relationships between the tests, especially for females, this would suggest recruits still have limitations in high-intensity, externally paced running. Since the job demands of a deputy sheriff are externally paced by nature, this outcome is not ideal. Academy training programs should explore the use of evidence-based high-intensity running programs

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Bond UniversityResearch RepositoryRelationships between the 1.5-mile Run and Multi-stage Fitness Test in Deputy SheriffRecruits Post-Academy TrainingHernandez, Javier; Moreno, Matthew R. ; Balfany, Katherine ; Dulla, Joseph; Dawes, James;Orr, Rob Marc; Lockie, Robert G.Published: 01/10/2018Document Version:Peer reviewed versionLink to publication in Bond University research repository.Recommended citation(APA):Hernandez, J., Moreno, M. R., Balfany, K., Dulla, J., Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., & Lockie, R. G. (2018).Relationships between the 1.5-mile Run and Multi-stage Fitness Test in Deputy Sheriff Recruits Post-AcademyTraining. Poster session presented at The 38th Annual Meeting of the Southwest Regional Chapter of theAmerican College of Sports Medicine, Costa Mesa, United States.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repositorycoordinator.Download date: 10 May 2019Javier A. Hernandez1 w Matthew R. Moreno1 w Katherine Balfany1 w Joseph M. Dulla2 w J. Jay Dawes3 w Robin M. Orr4 w Robert G. Lockie11Center for Sport Performance, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA. 2Recruit Training Unit, Training Bureau, Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA.3Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.4Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia.Relationships between the 1.5-mile Run and Multi-stage Fitness Test in Deputy Sheriff Recruits Post-Academy TrainingINTRODUCTIONMETHODSCONCLUSIONSRESULTS• The V̇O2max calculated from the 1.5 MI run were significantly greater than those for the MSFT forboth males (47.04 ml/kg/min vs. 40.88 ml/kg/min; Figure 1), and females (43.16 ml/kg/min vs.37.02 ml/kg/min; Figure 2).• The VO2max of the 1.5 MI run significantly correlated with the MSFT for males (r = -0.49) but notfemales (r = -0.31).• The r2 values from the regression equations for males (0.24), and females (0.10) were both low.• The results suggest that recruits performed relatively better in the 1.5 MI run compared to the MSFT.Their physical training program tended to emphasize calisthenics, interval running circuits that lackedevidence-based work: rest ratios, and distance running; this could have impacted these results. 1,2,4,5This could indicate that even with any aerobic fitness improvements, high-intensity runningcapabilities, which are particularly stressed in the MSFT, could be limited. Indeed, the weakrelationships between the tests, especially for females, would suggest recruits still have limitations inhigh-intensity, externally paced running.• As previously mentioned, the 1.5 MI run may not accurately match the job demands of a deputysheriff. The 1.5 MI run allows the recruit to set their own pace, and has limited high-intensitycomponents.4 Considering the fact that the MSFT has external pacing and a more pronounced high-intensity component,1 this test may be a better fit to indicate career preparations for a deputy sheriffrecruit.• Since the job demands of a deputy sheriff are externally paced by nature, the outcomes shown fromthe data in this study is not ideal. Academy training programs should explore the use of evidence-based high-intensity running programs.• Retrospective analysis was conducted on five academy classes from one LEA.• This sample was comprised of 261 recruits (age: 26.59 ± 5.06 years; height: 1.74 ± 0.08 m; bodymass: 81.38 ± 14.77 kg), which included 227 males (age: 26.63 ± 5.19 years; height: 1.76 ± 0.07 m;body mass: 83.40 ± 13.34 kg) and 34 females (age: 26.26 ± 4.12 years; height: 1.63 ± 0.07 m; bodymass: 67.94 ± 16.90 kg).• The 1.5 MI run and MSFT were conducted in the last few weeks of the recruits’ 22-week academy.Time was recorded for the 1.5 MI run while total shuttles were recorded for the MSFT; estimatedmaximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) was calculated from both tests.3,6• Estimated V̇O2max from the aforementioned tests was compared with paired samples t-tests.Pearson’s correlations and linear regression scatter plots calculated relationships between the 1.5MI run and MSFT. Each sex was analyzed separately, with p<0.05 set for all analyses.References1. Cocke, C., Dawes, J., & Orr, R. M. (2016). The use of 2 conditioning programs and the fitness characteristics of police academy cadets. Journal of Athletic Training, 51(11), 887-896. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.8.062. Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., Flores, R. R., Lockie, R. G., Kornhauser, C., & Holmes, R. (2017). A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age. Annals of Occupational andEnvironmental Medicine, 29(1). doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0173-0.3. George, JD, Vehrs, PR, Allsen, PE, Fellingham, GW, and Fisher, AG. (1993). VO2max estimation from a submaximal 1-mile track jog for fit college-age individuals. Medicine and Science in Sports andExercise, 25(3), 401-406.4. Lockie R.G., Orr, R.M., Dawes, J.J., Moreno, M.R., Cesario, K.A., Stierli, M. & Dulla, J.M. (2018). Aerobic fitness assessments in deputy sheriff recruits: The 20-metre multistage fitness test and 1.5-mile run.The Third International Conference on Physical Employment Standards, Portsmouth, UK, July 17-19.5. Plat, M. J., Frings-Dresen, M. H., & Sluiter, J. K. (2011). A systematic review of job-specific workers’ health surveillance activities for fire-fighting, ambulance, police and military personnel. InternationalArchives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 84(8), 839-857. doi:10.1007/s00420-011-0614-y6. Ramsbottom, R, Brewer, J, and Williams, C. (1988). A progressive shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. British Journal of Sports Medicine 22: 141-144.• The most popular method for measuring aerobic fitness within US law enforcement agencies(LEA) is the 1.5 mile run (1.5 MI run).4 The fact that the 1.5 MI run relies on recruits’ internalpacing is a limitation. Concerning tests of LEA recruits and officers, the more popular 20-mmulti-stage fitness test (MSFT) is externally paced which does not allow the individual toperform at a pace they are comfortable with. Additionally, the MSFT has a high intensityrunning component that the 1.5 Mile run does not.1• While in the line of duty, the primary job tasks for a deputy sheriff are primarily sedentary(e.g. sitting in a patrol vehicle, office work). However, increases in movement intensity canbe required during patrol that could ensure a deputies’ safety, or the safety of the generalpopulation.5 Since the MSFT is externally paced, it more closely matches the demands of adeputy, as opposed to the 1.5 MI run. As a result, the MSFT could present itself as a moreappropriate test of aerobic fitness.• Academy training is used to prepare recruits for the rigors of duty and to enhance physicalfitness. If training approaches are successful during academy, aerobic fitness as measured bythe 1.5 MI run and the MSFT should be relatively similar, in that recruits should beaerobically fit and have the high-intensity running capacity to perform well in both tests. 1,2• The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the 1.5 MI run and theMSFT of deputy sheriff recruits at the end of academy.ABSTRACTThe most popular method for measuring aerobic fitness within US law enforcement agencies (LEA) is the 1.5 mile run (1.5 MI run). A limitationof the 1.5 MI run is that it relies on the recruits’ internal pacing. In contrast, the 20m multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) is more popular globally intests of LEA recruits and officers, and is externally paced which does not allow the individual to perform at a pace they are comfortable with.Academy training is used to prepare recruits for the rigors of duty and to enhance physical fitness. If training approaches are successful duringacademy, aerobic fitness as measured by the 1.5 MI run and the MSFT should be relatively similar, in that recruits should be aerobically fit andhave the high-intensity running capacity to perform well in both tests. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the1.5 MI run and the MSFT of deputy sheriff recruits at the end of academy. Retrospective analysis on 5 academy classes from one LEA wasconducted (227 males, 34 females). The 1.5 MI run and MSFT were conducted in the last few weeks of the recruits’ 22-week academy. Timewas recorded for the 1.5 MI run while total shuttles were recorded for the MSFT; estimated maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) was calculatedfrom both tests. Estimated V̇O2max from the aforementioned tests was compared with paired samples t-tests. Pearson’s correlations and linearregression scatter plots calculated relationships between the 1.5 MI run and MSFT. Each sex was analyzed separately, with p<0.05 set for allanalyses. The V̇O2max calculated from the 1.5 MI run were significantly greater than those for the MSFT for both males (47.04 vs. 40.88ml/kg/min), and females (43.16 vs. 37.02 ml/kg/min). The VO2max of the 1.5 MI run significantly correlated with the MSFT for males (r = -0.49)but not females (r = -0.31). The r2 values from the regression equations for males (0.24), and females (0.10) were both low. The results suggestthat recruits performed relatively better in the 1.5 MI run compared to the MSFT. The physical training program tended to emphasizecalisthenics, interval running circuits that lacked evidence-based work: rest ratios, and distance running; this could have impacted theseresults. Given the weak relationships between the tests, especially for females, this would suggest recruits still have limitations in high-intensity, externally paced running. Since the job demands of a deputy sheriff are externally paced by nature, this outcome is not ideal.Academy training programs should explore the use of evidence-based high-intensity running programs.Figure 1. Men’s VO2Max scores between the 1.5 MI run andMSFT.Figure 1. Correlation between men’s 1.5 mile time and MSFTshuttles.Figure 2. Women’s VO2Max scores between the 1.5 MI run andMSFT.Figure 2. Correlation between women’s 1.5 mile timeand MSFT shuttles.** Significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the 1.5 MI V̇O2max. * Significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the 1.5 MI V̇O2max. *V̇O2max(ml/kg/min)V̇O2max(ml/kg/min)

Relationships between the 1.5-mile Run and Multi-stage Fitness Test in Deputy Sheriff Recruits Post-Academy Training

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Relationships between the 1.5-mile Run and Multi-stage Fitness Test in Deputy Sheriff Recruits Post-Academy Training

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