Cesario , Karly A.

Dulla, Joseph

Lockie, Robert G.

Moreno, Matthew R.

Orr, Rob Marc

English

Deputy sheriffs are typically required to work in custody prior to patrol. Thesedentary job demands of custody, and lack of a mandated fitness standard, mayinfluence the general health of deputies and their ability to perform patrol jobtasks. The purpose of this study was to examine fitness characteristics of deputiesafter working custody. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 (♂ = 48, ♀= 12; age = 33 ± 6.3 years) deputies from one patrol school class. Health andfitness assessments included: fat mass; body mass index (BMI); resting bloodpressure; grip strength; sit and reach; push-ups and sit-ups in 60 s; and recoveryheart rate from a YMCA 3-min step test as a measure of aerobic fitness. Datawere compared to ACSM age and sex-related norms, or law enforcement normsfor push-ups and sit-ups. Analyzing body fat, 1.69% of the deputies wereclassified as good, 10.17% as fair, 28.81% as poor, and 59.32% as very poor. ForBMI, 18.33% were normal, 45% were overweight, 26.67% were class I obesity,and 10% were class II obesity. For blood pressure, 13.33% of the deputies hadnormal blood pressure, 13.33% had elevated blood pressure, 30% wereconsidered stage 1 hypertension, 41.67% were considered stage 2 hypertension,and 1.67% in a hypertensive crisis. Considering grip strength, 12.07% were aboveaverage, 12.07% were average, 15.52% were below average, while 60.34% werepoor. For the sit and reach, 1.72% were excellent, 10.34% were very good,18.97% were good, 25.86% were fair, and 43.1% were deemed as needingimprovement. When comparing push-ups to other law enforcement officers,13.04% were in the 76th-100th percentile, 34.78% in the 51st-75th, 21.74% in the26th-50th, and 30.43% in the 1st-25th percentile. The same comparison for sit-upsresulted in 10.64% of the class in the 76th-100th percentile, 8.52% in the 51st-75th,36.18% in the 26th-50th, and 44.69% in the 1st-25th percentile. For the YMCA steptest, 5% were above average, 6.67% were average, 21.67% of the deputies werebelow average, 40% poor, and 26.67% very poor. Post custody assignments,deputy sheriffs exhibit health and fitness trends that were below the generalpopulation and other law enforcement officers. Agency staff should encourage,and facilitate, the maintenance of health and fitness of deputies working incustody to ensure deputies are fit for life and duty.<br/

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Bond UniversityResearch RepositoryFit for Duty, Fit for Life? An Analysis of the Health and Fitness of Deputy Sheriffs afterWorking in CustodyMoreno, Matthew R. ; Cesario , Karly A. ; Dulla, Joseph; Orr, Rob Marc; Lockie, Robert G.Published: 01/10/2018Document Version:Peer reviewed versionLink to publication in Bond University research repository.Recommended citation(APA):Moreno, M. R., Cesario , K. A., Dulla, J., Orr, R. M., & Lockie, R. G. (2018). Fit for Duty, Fit for Life? An Analysisof the Health and Fitness of Deputy Sheriffs after Working in Custody. Poster session presented at The 38thAnnual Meeting of the Southwest Regional Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine, Costa Mesa,United States.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repositorycoordinator.Download date: 10 May 2019Matthew R. Moreno1 w Karly A. Cesario1 w Joseph M. Dulla4 w J. Jay Dawes2 w Robin M. Orr3 w Robert G. Lockie11Center for Sport Performance, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA. 2Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.3Tactical Research Unit, Bond University, Robina, Qld, Australia.4Recruit Training Unit, Training Bureau, Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA.Fit for Duty, Fit for Life? An Analysis of the Health and Fitness of Deputy Sheriffs after Working in CustodyINTRODUCTIONMETHODSCONCLUSIONSRESULTS• A retrospective analysis was conducted on data gathered from a single patrol school class of 60deputies (Male = 48, Female = 12; age = 33 ± 6.3 years).• Health and fitness assessments included: fat mass measured from a bioelectric impedance analysisdevice; body mass index (BMI); resting blood pressure; grip strength; sit and reach; push-ups andsit-ups in 60 s; and recovery heart rate from a 3-minute YMCA step test as a measure of aerobicfitness.• Data gathered were classified according to norms from the American College of Sports Medicine(2), and law enforcement norms were used for push-ups and sit-ups (1).• Updated blood pressure and BMI guidelines were used from the World Health Organization andthe American Heart Association (3,4).• Upon graduation from academy Sheriff’s deputies are typically assigned to work in a supervisorycapacity in custody facilities for several months to potentially several years prior to deployment as apatrol deputy.• The job demands of working in custody are predominately sedentary and involve the monitoring ofinmates and patrolling the facilities.• Currently, there are no mandatory fitness standards that deputies need to adhere to, and whencombined with their sedentary custody assignment, this may negatively influence their overallhealth and ability to perform their patrol job tasks.• Officers that are transitioning from working their custody assignment to working patrol are given a3-week refresher course in patrol job duties, policies, and procedures called Patrol School.• Potentially, if data were to show that deputies who are coming out of working in custody are morelikely to have declined in their health and fitness, Patrol School could be utilized to help deputiesmake changes to halt any declines in fitness or health.• Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze health and fitness data from a single PatrolSchool class of deputies to determine their overall health and fitness after working in custody.ABSTRACTDeputy sheriffs are typically required to work in custody prior to patrol. The sedentary job demands of custody, and lack of a mandated fitnessstandard, may influence the general health of deputies and their ability to perform patrol job tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine fitnesscharacteristics of deputies after working custody. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 (♂ = 48, ♀ = 12; age = 33 ± 6.3 years) deputies from onepatrol school class. Health and fitness assessments included: fat mass; body mass index (BMI); resting blood pressure; grip strength; sit and reach;push-ups and sit-ups in 60 s; and recovery heart rate from a YMCA 3-min step test as a measure of aerobic fitness. Data were compared to ACSM ageand sex-related norms, or law enforcement norms for push-ups and sit-ups. Analyzing body fat, 1.69% of the deputies were classified as good, 10.17%as fair, 28.81% as poor, and 59.32% as very poor. For BMI, 18.33% were normal, 45% were overweight, 26.67% were class I obesity, and 10% were classII obesity. For blood pressure, 13.33% of the deputies had normal blood pressure, 13.33% had elevated blood pressure, 30% were considered stage 1hypertension, 41.67% were considered stage 2 hypertension, and 1.67% in a hypertensive crisis. Considering grip strength, 12.07% were aboveaverage, 12.07% were average, 15.52% were below average, while 60.34% were poor. For the sit and reach, 1.72% were excellent, 10.34% were verygood, 18.97% were good, 25.86% were fair, and 43.1% were deemed as needing improvement. When comparing push-ups to other law enforcementofficers, 13.04% were in the 76th-100th percentile, 34.78% in the 51st-75th, 21.74% in the 26th-50th, and 30.43% in the 1st-25th percentile. The samecomparison for sit-ups resulted in 10.64% of the class in the 76th-100th percentile, 8.52% in the 51st-75th, 36.18% in the 26th-50th, and 44.69% in the 1st-25th percentile. For the YMCA step test, 5% were above average, 6.67% were average, 21.67% of the deputies were below average, 40% poor, and26.67% very poor. Post custody assignments, deputy sheriffs exhibit health and fitness trends that were below the general population and other lawenforcement officers. Agency staff should encourage, and facilitate, the maintenance of health and fitness of deputies working in custody to ensuredeputies are fit for life and duty.Figure 1. Number of deputies classified accordingto body fat percentage category.Figure 2. Number of deputies classified accordingto updated body mass index standards.Figure 3. Number of deputies classified throughupdated blood pressure standards.Figure 4. Number of deputies classified using ACSMguidelines for 2 hand totals for grip strength.Figure 5. Number of deputies classified using ACSMguidelines for sit and reach flexibility.Figure 6. Number of deputies classified by theirrecovery heart rate category after a YMCA step testusing ACSM guidelines.Figure 7. Number of deputies and their performance rankon a 60-s maximal push-up test compared to other lawenforcement officers.Figure 8. Number of deputies and their performance rankon a 60-s maximal sit-up test compared to other lawenforcement officers.• For health characteristics, a majority of the class displayed larger than average amounts of bodyfat (88.13% poor and very poor combined), were classified as overweight or higher (81.67%overweight+), had higher than normal blood pressure according to updated standards (86.67%elevated+), and had poor grip strength (75.86 below average and poor combined).• When analyzing the fitness characteristics, a majority of the class had poor aerobic fitness asmeasured by the YMCA step test (88.34% below average, poor and very poor combined) and asFigures 7 and 8 show, performed close to average in the push-up while tending to perform worsein the sit-ups.• These data indicated that deputies post custody assignment are exhibiting poor health and fitnesscharacteristics which may impact job performance and quality of life.• Agencies should attempt to facilitate opportunities for deputies working in jails to maintain theirhealth and fitness.References1. Dawes JJ, Orr RM, Flores RR, Lockie RG, Kornhauser C, Holmes R. A physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age. Ann Occup Environ Med 29(1): doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0173-0., 2017.2. Riebe D, Ehrman JK, Liguori G, Magal M, American College of Sports M. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 2018.3. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Himmelfarb CD, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection,evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 71(19):e127-e248, 2018.4. World Health Organization. Body Mass Index. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi In: 2018.01234567895 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95Number of DeputiesPercentile051015202530Excellent Good Above Average Average Below Average Poor Very PoorNumber of DeputiesAerobic Fitness Category• Results of the comparison to age and sex related norms are displayed in Figures 1-8.• The data indicated that across all measures, a majority of deputies displayed worse healthcharacteristics than the general population and poorer physical fitness compared to other lawenforcement officers.

Fit for Duty, Fit for Life? An Analysis of the Health and Fitness of Deputy Sheriffs after Working in Custody

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Fit for Duty, Fit for Life? An Analysis of the Health and Fitness of Deputy Sheriffs after Working in Custody

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