Bacetic, Novak

Cvorovic, Aleksandar

Orr, Rob Marc

➢ Although the daily tasks of police officers are mostly sedentary, optimal body composition and physical abilities are important for the occasional high intensity task duties that may occur and for general health.➢ The question of body composition and its manifestation in the form of obesity is a frequent subject in all segments of society and among different occupations (Lukaski, 2017). As such, it is also present in law enforcement, firefighters and military personnel (Daves et al., 2016; Michaelidis et al. 2011; Friedel, 2012). Apart from proven negative health effects, a sub-optimal body composition can also directly affect the successful job performance of a modern policeman (Daves et al., 2016).➢ The main goal of this research was to determine the effects of a 12-week intervention of physical training and a caloric deficit in the controlled conditions of the police campus. The leading hypothesis of this research was that, under the influence of planned physical training and a recommended caloric deficit, it was possible to significantly affect the loss of body fat while maintaining and improving the relative values of skeletal muscle mass

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Bond UniversityResearch RepositoryEffects of a 12-week physical training program and nutrition plan on the body composition ofoverweight police trainersCvorovic, Aleksandar ; Orr, Rob Marc; Bacetic, NovakPublished: 01/10/2018Document Version:Peer reviewed versionLink to publication in Bond University research repository.Recommended citation(APA):Cvorovic, A., Orr, R. M., & Bacetic, N. (2018). Effects of a 12-week physical training program and nutrition planon the body composition of overweight police trainers. VIII International Scientific Conference " Archibald ReissDays", Belgrade, Serbia.General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright ownersand it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.For more information, or if you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact the Bond University research repositorycoordinator.Download date: 10 May 2019Eight International Scientific Conference“Archibald Reiss Days”October 2–3, 2018BelgradeSerbiaAcademy of Criminalistic and Police Studies, Zemun, BelgradeEFFECTS OF A 12-WEEK PHYSICAL TRAINING PROGRAM AND NUTRITION PLAN ON THE BODY COMPOSITION OF OVERWEIGHT POLICE TRAINEESA L E K S A N DA R  Č VO R O V I Ć ,  P H DP o l i c e S p o r t s  E d u c a t i o n C e n t e r, A b u  D h a b i P o l i c eR O B I N  O R R ,  P H DTa c t i c a l R e s e a r c h U n i t ,  B o n d U n i v e r s i t yN O VA K B A C E T I Ć ,  M S CA b u  D h a b i P o l i c e  C o l l e g e , M i n i s t r y  o f  I n t e r i o r➢Although the daily tasks of police officers are mostly sedentary, optimal body composition andphysical abilities are important for the occasional high intensity task duties that may occur and forgeneral health.➢The question of body composition and its manifestation in the form of obesity is a frequent subject inall segments of society and among different occupations (Lukaski, 2017). As such, it is also present inlaw enforcement, firefighters and military personnel (Daves et al., 2016; Michaelidis et al. 2011;Friedel, 2012). Apart from proven negative health effects, a sub-optimal body composition can alsodirectly affect the successful job performance of a modern policeman (Daves et al., 2016).➢The main goal of this research was to determine the effects of a 12-week intervention of physicaltraining and a caloric deficit in the controlled conditions of the police campus. The leadinghypothesis of this research was that, under the influence of planned physical training and arecommended caloric deficit, it was possible to significantly affect the loss of body fat whilemaintaining and improving the relative values of skeletal muscle mass.12-week Training Intervention Archibald Reiss Days, 2018IntroductionOverweight Police TraineesČvorović, Orr & Bacetić➢The physical training program consisted of 12 hours per week during the first sixweeks and nine hours per week during the second six weeks.➢The nutritional plan consisting of six weeks in controlled caloric conditions (caloricdeficit 500 Kcal) and six weeks in partially controlled conditions (no insights on foodintake over the weekend).➢A body composition analyzer (InBody 370) was measured body mass index (BMI),percentage body fat (PBF), and percentage skeletal muscle mass (PSSM).Archibald Reiss Days, 2018MethodsČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police Trainees➢A convenience sample of overweight male police trainees took part in the study:n = 55; mean age = 28.51 ± 5.26 years,mean body height (BH) = 174.58 ± 5.79 cm,mean body mass index (BMI) = 32.03 ± 3.03 kg/m2 ,and mean body mass (BM) = 97.67 ± 11.21 kg.➢The inclusion criteria in the training program were BMI > 24.99 kg/m2 and PBF > 22%Archibald Reiss Days, 2018SubjectsČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police Trainees➢The testing procedure consisted from initial BH assessment and two measurements of the bodycomposition before and after the experimental procedure was completed. Measurements of bodycomposition were carried out on an InBody 370 device (Biospace, Seoul, South Korea).➢Trainees were instructed to fast overnight prior to before each body composition measurement andwere restricted fluid intake for up to 3 hours beforehand.➢Throughout the assessments trainees were barefooted and dressed in shorts and t-shirt. All bodycomposition measurements were conducted in an indoor environment, temperature controlled to 22°C.Archibald Reiss Days, 2018Measurement proceduresČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police TraineesArchibald Reiss Days, 2018Training programČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police TraineesMesocycle 1Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri SatWeek 1-6Morning(06:00-07:00)10 min WU 10 min WU 10 min WU 10 min WU 10 min WU 10 min WU20 min W-R 20 min W-R 20 min W-R 20 min W-R 25 min SSR 20 min W-R Rest20 min SC 20 min CC 20 min IT 20 min SC 15 min BE 20 min BE10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CDAfternoon(17:00-18:00)15 min WU 15 min WU 15 min WU 15 min WU 15 min WU 15 min WU Rest35 min A&C 35 min BE 35 min A&C 35 min C&F 35 min C&F 35 min SC10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CDMesocycle 2Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri SatWeek 7-12Morning(06:00-07:00)2 km run<12 min2 km run<12 min2 km run<12 min2 km run<12 min 15 min WU35 min SC 35 min CC 35 min IT 35 min SC 30 min SSR Rest Rest10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 15 min CDAfternoon(17:00-18:00)15 min WU 15 min WU 15 min WU 15 min WU35 min A&C 35 min BE 35 min A&C 35 min C&F Rest Rest Rest10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CD 10 min CDTable 1: 12-week training program sample designed for ADPC trainees to lose weight and improve overall fitness.WU - Warm up, W-R - Walk and run, SC - Strength circuit, CC - Cardio Circuit, CD - Cool down, A&C - Agility and Coordination, BE - BodyweightExercises, C&F - Core and Flexibility, SSR - Steady State Run.Archibald Reiss Days, 2018Nutrition planČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police Trainees➢ The nutrition plan was designed individually based on an assessment by a qualified nutritionist and based on theindividual caloric needs of the trainees. The basic strategy was based on an estimate of individual daily caloricconsumption with the obtained value then reduced by 500 kilocalories (kcal).➢ It was assumed that trainees belonged to the category of “very active” according to physical activity factor (PA). ThePA factor for adult males has four categories (Sedentary [PA=1.00], Low active [PA=1.11], Active [PA=1.25] andVery active [1.48] (Hertzler and Carlson-Philips, 2017). Estimated energy requirement (EER) was calculated bythe Institute of Medicine formula for male adults (2006):EER= 662 - 9.53 x age in years + PA x (15.91 x weight [kg] + 539.6 x height [m])➢ During the first 6-week period, the trainees were in completely controlled conditions, since they were not allowedto leave the campus. However, during the next 6-weeks they were permitted to leave the campus over the weekendperiod and, as such, there was no insight into their food intake during their weekend leave period.➢The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 20 (IBM, Armrok, USA).➢All data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), range, minimum (Min.) and maximum(Max.) values.➢Data were checked for normality using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.➢A paired sample T-test, significance was set at p = 0.05 a priori.➢and Cohen’s effect size (d) with percentage differences (%), were used to evaluate the trainingeffects and magnitude of training and nutrition plan changes.Archibald Reiss Days, 2018StatisticsČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police TraineesArchibald Reiss Days, 2018ResultsČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police TraineesN=55 Mean SD Range Min. Max.BM-1 (kg) 97.67 11.21 56.90 77.80 134.70BM-2 (kg) 86.49* 9.35 46.40 70.10 116.50BMI-1(kg/m²) 32.01 3.03 12.60 27.30 39.90BMI-2 (kg/m²) 28.27* 2.36 10.30 24.00 34.30PBF-1 (%) 32.56 5.75 30.30 20.80 51.10PBF-2 (%) 25.81* 5.71 25.90 16.60 42.50PSMM-1 (%) 38.06 3.45 17.93 27.31 45.24PSMM-2 (%) 41.82* 3.44 15.86 31.87 47.73EER (kcal) 4079.86 280.32 1558.26 3530.64 5088.90EER[-500] (kcal) 3579.86 280.32 1558.26 3030.64 4588.90* Significantly different from initial scores, p < 0.001.Table 2: Descriptive data before and after 12-week intervention and estimated energy requirements (EER) and with 500 kcal deficit (EER[-500]).Archibald Reiss Days, 2018ResultsČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police TraineesVariablesMeanDifferencesSD±Effect Size Cohen’s (d)BM11.18 3.353.34***BMI3.75 1.193.14***PBF6.75 2.223.04***PSMM3.76 1.272.96***Table 3: Effect size of experimental intervention on body composition.*small (0.2-0.5), **moderate (0.5-0.8), ***large (> 0.8).Figure 1: Relative percentage changes (%) in body composition,                                                    (direction of change: ↑- increase, ↓- decrease) ➢The practical application of this or similar programs, especially in controlled conditions of the policeacademy, military school or similar institutions, is certainly recommended.➢The existence of such programs should be a constant practice within the framework of any lawenforcement system in which implementation is possible.➢It is meant not only within the obligatory courses, for employment or promotion, but as a regularprogram for the prevention and reduction of negative impacts of inadequate body composition not onlyon performance, but also on the overall health of the members of the police workforce.➢Conclusion: A dedicated 12-week physical training program with a caloric controlled nutritional plancan lead to significant improvements in the body composition of overweight police trainees and reducetheir associated health risks.Archibald Reiss Days, 2018Practical application and ConclusionČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police Trainees1. American College of Sports Medicine. (2013). ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.2. American College of Sports Medicine. (2018). ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (Tenth Edition), USA: Wolters Kluwer.3. Anderson, GS, Litzenberger, R, Plecas, D. (2002). Physical evidence of police officer stress. Policing: an international journal of police strategies & management, 25(2): 399-420.4. Andern, C., Katzmarzyk, P., Janssen, J., Ross, R. (2003). Discrimination of health risk by combined Body Mass Index and waist circumference. Obesity Research, issue 11, vol 1: 135-142.5. Boyce, R. W., Jones, G. R., Lloyd C. L., Boone E. L. (2008). A longitudinal observation of police: body composition changes over 12 years with gender and race comparisons, Journal of Exercise Physiology, issue 11: 1-13.6. Collingwood, T., Hoffman, R., Smith, J. (1998). Why officers need to be fit. Fit Force Administrators Guide. 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Long Work Hours and Adiposity Among Police Officers in a US Northeast City. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine / American College of Occupational and EnvironmentalMedicine, 54(11), 1374–1381. http://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31825f2bea15. Hertzler, S. Carlson-Philips, A. (2017). Basic nutrition for Tactical Population In: NSCA’S Essentials of Tactical strength and Conditioning, Eds Alvar, B., Sell, K. and Deuster, P.A. Human Kinetics Publishers.16. Institute of Medicine. (2006). Dietary Reference Intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements. Washington DC: National Academies Press.17. Janssen, I., Heymsfield, B., Wang, Z., Ross, R. (2000). Skeletal muscle mass distribution in 468 man and women aged. Journal of Applied Physiology, issue 89, volume 1: 81-88.18. Jeknic, V., Stojkovic, M. (2017). Effects of twelve-week training program on fitness level and anthropometric status of police college students. 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CRC Press.23. Michaelides, M. A., Parpa, K. M., Henry, L. J., Thompson, G. B., Brown, B. S. (2011). Assessment of physical fitness aspects and their relationship to firefighters' job abilities. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(4), 956-965.24. Ng, S. W., Zaghloul, S., Ali, H. I., Harrison, G., Popkin, B. M., (2011a). The prevalence and trends of overweight, obesity and nutrition‐related non‐communicable diseases in the Arabian Gulf States, Obesity Reviews, 12 (1): 1-13.25. Ng, S. W., Zaghloul, S., Ali, H., Harrison, G., Yeatts, K., El Sadig, M., Popkin, B. M. (2011b). Nutrition transition in the United Arab Emirates, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65(12): 1328-1337.26. Orr, R, Dawes, J, Pope, R, Terry, J. (2017). It is my job, not my age: Fitness loss between police cadets and officers not explained by age. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20, 58.27. Orr, R., Dawes, J. J., Pope, R., Terry, J. (2017). Assessing Differences in Anthropometric and Fitness Characteristics Between Police Academy Cadets and Incumbent Officers. Journal of strength and conditioning research. Publish Ahead of Print: http://doi:10.1519/JSC.000000000000232828. Pihlainen, K., Santtila, M., Häkkinen, K., Kyröläinen, H. (2018). Associations of physical fitness and body composition characteristics with simulated military task performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 32 (4): 1089-1098.29. Sorensen, L., Smolander, J., Louhevaara, V., Korhonen, O., Oja, P. (2000). Physical activity, fitness and body composition of Finnish police officers: a 15-year follow-up study, Occupational Medicine, Vol. 50 No. 1: 2-10.30. Violanti, J. M., Ma, C. C., Fekedulegn, D., Andrew, M. E., Gu, J. K., Hartley, T. A., …Burchfiel, C. M. (2017). Associations Between Body Fat Percentage and Fitness among Police Officers: A Statewide Study. Safety and Health at Work, 8(1), 36–41. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.07.00431. Wang, Z. M., Pierson, R. N., Heymsfield, S. B. (1992). The five-level model: a new approach to organizing body-composition research. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 56(1): 19-28.Archibald Reiss Days, 2018ReferencesČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police TraineesArchibald Reiss Days, 2018QUESTIONS and DISCUSSIONThank you for your attention!!!Aleksandar Čvorović,  Robin Orr,  Novak BacetićČvorović, Orr & Bacetić12-week Training Intervention Overweight Police Trainees

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Effects of a 12-week physical training program and nutrition plan on the body composition of overweight police trainers

Introduction: Although the daily tasks of police officers are mostly sedentary, optimal body composition and physical abilities are important for the occasional high intensity task duties that may occur and for general health. However, the nature of policing (e.g. shift work, long work hours) may negatively impact an officer’s body weight and physical activity patterns and is therefore associated with increased health risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 12-week physical training program and a caloric deficit nutritional plan on police trainees.Methods: Fifty-five (n = 55) male trainees (mean age = 28.51 ± 5.26 years, mean body height (BH) = 174.58 ± 5.79 cm, mean body mass (BM) = 97.67 ± 11.21 kg) were included in this analysis. A 12-week physical training and nutrition plan was implemented for the police trainees during their professional postgraduate education at the Abu Dhabi Police College. The physical training program consisted of 12 hours per week during the first six weeks and nine hours per week during the second six weeks. The nutritional plan consisted of six weeks in controlled caloric conditions (caloric deficit 500 Kcal) and six weeks in partially controlled conditions (no insights on food intake over the weekend). A body composition analyser (InBody 370) measured body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (PBF), and skeletal muscle mass percentage (PSSM). A paired sample T-test, and effect size (Cohen’s d) with percentage differences (%) were used to evaluate the training effects and magnitude of training and nutrition plan changes. Significance was set at p = 0.05 a priori.Results:At the end of the 12-week program trainees significantly reduced BM (t(54) = 24.77, p &lt; 0.001, d = 3.34, 11.45%), BMI (t(54) = 23.28, p &lt; 0.001, d = 3.14, 11.68 %) and PBF (t(54) = 22.53, p &lt; 0.001, d = 3.04, 20.70%), while significantly increased the PSMM (t(54) = 21.98, p = 0.001, d = 2.96, 9.88%).Conclusion:A dedicated 12-week physical training program with a caloric controlled nutritional plan can lead to significant improvements in the body composition of overweight police trainees and reduce their associated health risks

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Effects of a 12-week physical training program and nutrition plan on the body composition of overweight police trainers

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