Collapsing glomerulopathy: A clinically and pathologically distinct variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Abstract

Collapsing glomerulopathy: A clinically and pathologically distinct variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sixteen patients with renal biopsy findings of extensive focal glomerular capillary collapse, visceral epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and variable degrees of tubulointerstitial injury in the absence of evidence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or intravenous drug abuse were prospectively identified by renal biopsy. The pathologic process was designated collapsing glomerulopathy to distinguish it from other patterns of focal glomerular sclerosis. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of these 16 patients were analyzed and compared to a group of 25 patients with noncollapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Thirteen of 16 patients with collapsing glomerulopathy were black as compared with 11 of 25 with FSGS (P = 0.018). The most common findings at presentation were hypertension and manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome. Although the duration of symptoms prior to presentation was no longer in the collapsing glomerulopathy group, the presenting mean serum creatinine was higher in patients with collapsing glomerulopathy than in those with noncollapsing FSGS (3.5 ± 3.4 mg/dl vs. 1.3 0.6 mg/dl, P = 0.001). Twenty-four-hour urine protein excretion was also higher in the collapsing glomerulopathy group (13.2 ± 7.7 g/day vs. 4.6 ± 4.5 g/day FSGS, P = 0.005). The collapsing glomerulopathy patients had a mean age of 41.4 ± 19.1 (range 19 to 81), a male-to-female ratio of 11:5 and a black-to-white ratio of 13:3. Renal survival, evaluated by life-table analysis, was markedly worse in collapsing glomerulopathy patients than in FSGS patients (P = 0.0004). It is proposed that collapsing glomerulopathy is a distinct entity characterized by black racial predominance, massive proteinuria, relatively rapidly progressive renal insufficiency, and distinctive pathologic findings. The data suggest that collapsing glomerulopathy is clinically, pathologically, and epidemiologically different from noncollapsing FSGS. Although collapsing glomerulopathy resembles HIV-nephropathy both pathologically and clinically, it differs clinically by having no evidence for associated HIV infection and differs pathologically by lacking endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions