Efanova, A. O.

Zabrodina, Irina Konstantinovna

Electronic archive of Tomsk Polytechnic University

  СЕКЦИЯ 19. ГЕОЛОГИЯ, ГОРНОЕ И НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЕ ДЕЛО. ПОДСЕКЦИЯ 1. ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕЖЪЯЗЫКОВОЙ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ  В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ 759 Ways to overcome  According to the American anthropologist F. Bock, there are four ways to resolve the conflict that arises during culture shock 1. The first method can be called ghettoization (from the word ghetto). It is carried out in situations where a person enters another society, but he tries or is forced (due to the lack of the language skills, religion or for some other reason) to avoid any contact with another culture. In this case, he tries to create his own cultural environment - the environment of his compatriots, fencing himself  off the influence of the multicultural environment by means of this environment. 2. The second way to resolve the conflict of cultures is assimilation. In the case of assimilation, the individual, on the contrary, completely abandons his culture and seeks to fully assimilate the cultural practices of another culture necessary for life. In fact, it is not always possible. The reason for the failure can be either the insufficient ability of the individual to adapt to a new culture, or the resistance of the cultural environment, which he intends to become a member of. 3. The third way to resolve cultural conflict is an intermediate one consisting in cultural exchange and interaction. In order to have a successful exchange or to be beneficial, openness is necessary from both sides, which is, unfortunately, extremely complicated in real life, especially if the parties are initially unequal. In fact, the results of such an interaction are not always obvious at the very beginning. They become visible and distinct only after a certain period of time. 4. The fourth way is partial assimilation, when an individual sacrifices his culture in favor of the foreign cultural environment partially, that is, in some spheres of life: for example, at work he is guided by the traditions and requirements of another culture, and in the family, in religious life - by the rules of his traditional culture [2]. References 1. AFS Intercultural  Programs  INC., (1984). AFS Orientation Handbook, Vol. 4. New York. – 104 p. 2. Bock Ph. K. (Ed.). Culture Shock. A Reader in Modern Cultural Anthropology. – N.Y., 1970. – 408 p. 3. Oberg K. Practical Anthropology. New Mexico, 1960. – P. 177-182. 4. Sadokhin, А.P. Kul'turologiya. Teoriya kul'tury / А. P. Sadokhin, T. G. Grushevitskaya. – M.: YUNITI-DАNА, 2004. – 624 p. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TERMINOLOGY IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (TAKEN FROM NEWSPAPER ARTICLES OF "CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY") A.O. Efanova, I.K. Zabrodina National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia With the development of science and technology, new realities appear inventions that need to be designated and called. For these purposes, new words are created called neologisms [5]. The purpose of this work is the analysis of English neologisms (terminology), which are found in the oil and gas professional activity. This topic is relevant because there is an active replenishment of the vocabulary in the given area. Neologisms can be formed in different ways [1]. There are lexical neologisms. They are created from productive models or borrowed from other languages. In addition, there are semantic neologisms: these are neologisms resulting from the assignment of new meanings to already existing words.  Neologisms also have a classification depending on the conditions of creation. Such neologisms may be anonymous, i.e. their occurrence is not associated with the name of the creator, and individually – there is an author of these neologisms. According to the goal of formation, neologisms are divided into nominative neologisms, which have a nominative function, and stylistic neologisms, which give a figurative characteristic to objects that already have names. In relation to the language, neologisms are linguistic (national), used in speech with values assigned to them, and occasional – neologisms, used in a specific context only once [2, 4]. While analyzing neologisms attention should be payed to the motivation of the word. Many scholars identify such types of motivation as absolute (external) – most often words – interjections; relative (internal) – the meaning of the word derives from the meanings of its parts (morphological), or the meaning is formed as a result of rethinking (semantic); full (motivation is obvious) and partial (motivation is close to complete no reducibility); direct and portable (metaphoric) [6]. The material for this work were newspaper articles of the oil and gas industry. The analyzed lexical neologisms are anonymous, since none of them is associated with the name of its creator.  It should be noted that each of the analyzed neologisms is nominative, because these neologisms were created to name objects, phenomena. And the last thing that unites is that they all relate to linguistic neologisms. Each of them is widely used in the given field. 1. Doghouse – a small shelter located on the rig floor for use by the drilling crew [7].  Бытовка (Doghouse) – разговорное название, какого-либо временного вспомогательного помещения используемого для бытовых нужд на химических предприятиях в качестве временного жилья, для хранения инструментов и инвентаря [3]. This word is formed by the addition of two previously existent words: noun «dog» has a meaning – собака, noun «house» – дом, жилище, семья, хозяйство, род. If we translate this neologism literally, then the translation of this word will sound like – Собачья конура или собачья будка. In this case, a certain semantic connection is traced, which consists in the fact that бытовка (dogleg) is the location and rest of both beings. Russian translation is unique in that it reflects the purpose of the place – the life of a person. The above word reveals a relative motivation, namely semantic motivation, since the meaning of the word was formed as a result of its rethinking, transfer of signs from one subject to another.  2. Junk basket – tool for catching small items left in the well [7].   ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГЕОЛОГИИ И ОСВОЕНИЯ НЕДР 760 Шламометаллоуловитель (junk basket) – воронка, устанавливаемая над долотом для улавливания крупного шлама в процессе бурения [3]. This phrase is formed by the addition of two previously existent words: noun «junk» has a meaning – мусор, noun «basket» – ведро, корзина. In literal translation, this phrase means – мусорное ведро. This neologism is formed by the semantic method, since acquired a new meaning – шламометаллоуловитель (junk basket). The motivation of this neologism is complete, because we can draw an analogy with the literal meaning. The functions of the subject really coincide with each other. 3. Blowout preventor (BOP) – a hydraulically operated wellhead device designed to ensure that a blowout cannot occur [7]. Противовыбросовое устройство, превентор (Blowout preventor) – рабочий элемент комплекта противовыбросового оборудования, устанавливаемый на устье скважины. Основная функция превентора – герметизация устья нефтегазовой скважины в чрезвычайных ситуациях при строительстве или ремонтных работах на скважине [3]. One should pay attention to the word «blowout». It means "выброс из скважиныl" during drilling. This neologism is formed by semantic method. Full motivation, because literal meaning is like new. 4. Dry tree – a sub-sea wellhead where the equipment is enclosed in a water-tight chamber [7].  Арматура (dry tree) – устье морской скважины, где профессиональное оборудование помещается в водонепроницаемой камере [3].  This phrase is formed by the addition of two previously existent words: adjective «dry» has a meaning – сухой, noun «tree» – дерево. This phrase, translated into Russian, has a literal meaning – сухая ёлка. The motivation of this neologism is complete, because we can clearly find an analogy with the literal meaning. Арматура (dry tree) really has a resemblance to the Christmas tree. It is high, and its parts are rounded, which has similarities with the Christmas balls.  The adjective – «dry – сухой», in turn, conveys the properties of the equipment. The way of formation is semantic, since neologism has acquired a new meaning. In conclusion, it should be noted that every year a large number of neologisms appear in the English language and, in particular, in the field of nature management. Most neologisms belong to the group of lexical neologisms. This is due to the fact that existing concepts are not enough to indicate new phenomena and devices. Therefore, words are created that were not previously used in speech. Most often, such neologisms are formed by word formation or by combining into words of already existing linguistic signs and symbols.  References 1. Алехина Ю.Д., Забродина И.К. Заимствования в современном английском языке (на материале газетных статей сферы природопользования) // Сборник материалов XIV Международной научно-практической конференции студентов и молодых ученых. Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет. – Томск, 2014. – С. 13-15. 2. Алифиренко Н. Ф. Теория языка: вводный курс. – М., 2004. – 705 с. 3. Булатов А. И. Англо-русский и русско-английский нефтегазопромысловый словарь. – Изд-во: Северо-Кавказское отделение инж. Академии. 1999. – 798 с. 4. Боженко Л.Н. Заимствованная лексика в современном русском языке // Портал филолога. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://filologdirect.narod.ru/sra/sra_2006_19.html, свободный – (28.01.2019) 5. Вендина Т.И. Введение в языкознание. – М., 2008. – 705 с. 6. Забродина И.К., Яковлева Е.А., Никифоров В.П., Демина А.В. Мотивированность терминов современного английского языка (на материале газетных статей сферы природопользования) // сборник материалов 4-й международной науч.-практ. конф. – М., 2014. – С. 95-96. 4. Oil and Gas Journal [Электронный ресурс] – Режим доступа: http://www.ogj.com/index.html, свободный – (27.01.2019). THE INFLUENCE OF E.M. REMARQUE ON THE FORMATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE A.A. Fomin, P.S. Kargina  Scientific advisor - senior lecturer V.E. Mironova  National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia The entry of the twenty-first century marked the beginning of a new time, the emergence of new cultures, attempts to consolidate humanity. At present all cultural achievements freely spread between the countries and continents, there is a world network, the Internet, which greatly contributes to both an exchange of scientific information and inculcation of various values. Clear demonstration of this can be noticed in the sphere of the style – a small part of the population is constantly wearing national clothes, the vast majority switched to sensible jeans and t-shirts. Today, international cooperation is actively developing in various fields of science, such as chemistry, physics, higher mathematics, culture and sports, most of the countries are involved in the exchange of cultural and scientific achievements through conferences, exhibitions and similar events. Together with the general development of science and technology, there is a need for a sufficient understanding of other cultures. This paper will examine the understanding of intercultural competence, its forms and components, as well as the impact of Erich Maria Remarque's books on the international cultural environment. A variety of connections and interactions of modern man, the need for contacts and interchange between people, communities, cultures in the world space have generated a wide interest in the process of cultural interaction among representatives of various scientific fields. The combination of these factors has led to the creation of a new theory of 

Comparative analysis of terminology in the English language (taken from newspaper articles of "Chemical technology")

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Comparative analysis of terminology in the English language (taken from newspaper articles of "Chemical technology")

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