Altynov, A. A.

Bogdanov, I. A.

Electronic archive of Tomsk Polytechnic University

XIX Международная научно-практическая конференция имени профессора Л.П. Кулёва480INVESTIGATION OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF STRAIGHT-RUN DIESEL FUELSI.A. Bogdanov, A.A. AltynovScientific supervisor – PhD, associate professor M.V. KirginaNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic University 634050, Russia, Tomsk, 30 Lenin Avenue, bogdanov_ilya@mail.ruNowadays low-tonnage production is devel-oping in the oil-producing regions, which assumes either the use of straight-run products as fuel, or is based on bringing the quality of straight-run frac-tions to the level of commercial fuels at the produc-tion site. However, in both cases the quality con-trol of the product remains a priority, since the use of poor quality fuel entails spoilage of equipment and as a result economic losses. Four samples of straight-run diesel fuel, obtained from low-tonnage production, were selected as objects of research. Such indicators of diesel fuel quality, as frac-tional composition, density, sulfur content was de-termined experimentally. Also cetane index was calculated. The fractional composition of diesel fuel was determined in accordance with USS 2177-99 "Petroleum products. Methods for determination of distillation characteristics" [1]. The results are shown in Table 1.Determination of the fuel density was carried out in accordance with USS 3900-85 "Petroleum and petroleum products. Methods for determination of density" [2]. Determination of sulfur content was carried out in accordance with USS 32139-2013 "Petroleum and petroleum products. Determination of sulfur content by method of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry" [3]. The viscosity was determined in accordance with USS 33-2000 "Petroleum products. Transparent and opaque liq-uids. Determination of kinematic viscosity and cal-culation of dynamic viscosity" [4] The results of the studies are presented in Table 2.According to [5], the cetane number can be cal-culated as a cetane index. The cetane index is the approximate value of the cetane number of distillate diesel fuel without cetane improver additives, cal-culated on the basis of fuel density and its fractional composition.The values of the cetane indices calculated by [6] for the four samples are given in Table 3.Table 1. Fractional composition of straight-run diesel fuelSample numberIBP FC10% FC20% FC30% FC40% FC50%Temperature, °С1 147 182 205 243 255 3012 163 191 205 218 234 2493 160 189 200 216 232 2484 149 190 211 229 248 262Sample numberFC60% FC70% FC80% FC90% FC95%1 326 333 342 359 3602 263 281 298 320 3303 265 284 304 338 3424 276 292 309 332 343Table 2. Straight-run diesel fuel propertiesSample numberDensity at 20 °С, g/cc3Kinematic vis-cosity, mm2/sSulfur con-tent, ppm1 0.829 2.934 28092 0.842 4.124 253 0.832 3.815 24204 0.825 4.227 711Table 3. Straight-run diesel fuel cetane index valuesSample number Cetanee index, points1 60.52 45.63 48.74 54.7 Секция 7.  Химия и химическая технология на иностранном языке481According to the results of the tests, only the sample number 2 meets the requirements of USS 305-2013 "Diesel fuel. Technical Specifications" [7] for all properties that have been investigated, and can be used as commercial diesel fuel.References1.	 USS	2177-99	"Petroleum	products.	Methods	for	determination	of	distillation	characteristics".2.	 USS	3900-85	"Petroleum	and	petroleum	prod-ucts.	Methods	for	determination	of	density".3.	 USS	 32139-2013	 "Petroleum	 and	 petroleum	products. Determination of sulfur content by method	of	energy	dispersive	X-ray	fluorescence	spectrometry".4.	 USS	33-2000	"Petroleum	products.	Transparent	and opaque liquids. Determination of kinematic viscosity	and	calculation	of	dynamic	viscosity".5.	 USS	R	ISO	8178-5-2009	"Reciprocating	 inter-nal combustion engines. Exhaust emission mea-surement.	Part	5.	Test	fuels".6.	 USS	 27768-88	 "Diesel	 fuel.	 Determination	 of	cetane	index	by	calculation	method".7.	 USS	 305-2013	 "Diesel	 fuel.	 Technical	 Specifi-cations".NICKEL COATINGS OBTAINED FROM NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES FOR HIGHLY SOLUBLE PCMSM.J. Cruz1, D.S. Kharitonov2Scientific supervisor – assistant I.V. Makarova21Department of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Processing and Center for Advanced Study on Lithium and Industrial Minerals (CELiMIN), University of Antofagasta2Belarusian State Technological University Sverdlova 13а str., antihovich.irina@gmail.comIn last decade a significant interest in the appli-cation of phase change materials (PCMs) systems has been groving, since latent heat storage systems can provide high storage capacity and isothermal behaviors [1]. However, all PCMs can react with aqueous solutions meaning the porous shell mate-rial is not good barrier for protection of PCM core from being dissolved in aqueous solution. Thus, changing of solvent [2, 3] makes it possible to ob-tain metal shell on the salt surface. This work pro-poses the technique of encapsulating the PCM core in a metal structure shell (macroencapsulation).Sodium nitrate has been chosen as the PCM (Sociedad Química y Minera de Chile). The pro-cedure of obtaining the core-shell structure was as follows: Sodium nitrate was first coated with hydro-phobic layer, then with graphite and, finally, with copper from standart sulphate bath (CuSO4 • 5H2O 200 g/dm3, H2SO4 100 g/dm3). Top nickel layer was electrodeposited using aqueous and ethanol bathes. The main compounds of electrolytes were NiCl2 • 6H2O (200 g/dm3), HCl (0,11 mol/dm3). The density of ethanol was 0.8 g/cm3. Electrodeposition was performed at 50 °C using a current density of 2.5 A/dm2.Cathodic polarizations curves in non-aqueous and aqueous solvents were obtained by linear polar-ization with potential scan rate of 0.005 V/s. Linear Tafel ranges (η = a + b log i) of polarization curves corresponded to the charge transfer were used as a rate-determining step of Ni2+ reduction. The slopes of the linear regions were were 0.12±0.001 V/dec and 0.10±0.001 V/dec for the non-aqueous and aqueous bathes, respectively. The determined slopes values differed slightly from the theoretical value (0.12 V/dec) and indicates electrochemical stage as being the limiting one. Nickel electrodepo-sition onto copper substrate in presence of different solvents does not significantly change the b value indicating the charge transfer reaction is not con-trolled by the type of solvent.It was found by the thermokinetic method that in the overpotential range from 0.1 to 0.4 V the pro-cess is limited by the electrochemical stage. There was a tendency of decreasing the effective activation energy at overpotential of 0.4 V by 40 kJ/mol when the aqueous solvent is replaced by a non-aqueous. In the overpotential region of 0.5–1.5 V, the value of the activation energy depends on the change of the potential, which may indicate diffusion as the limiting stage.It is established that the current efficiency gradually decreases with increasing of the current density. Current efficiency in non-aqueous bath was 

Investigation of the composition and properties of straight-run diesel fuels

http://earchive.tpu.ru/bitstream/11683/49916/1/conference_tpu-2018-C27_p481-482.pdf

Investigation of the composition and properties of straight-run diesel fuels

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Electronic archive of Tomsk Polytechnic University