Several ultrastructural analyses of taxa belonging to the genus Thalassiosira from Argentinean coastal waters were carried out, nevertheless, the smaller fraction of the nanoplanktonic Thalassiosira was frequently overlooked. The aim of this study is to show the morphological variation of T. catharinensis, to compare material found in marine coastal waters of Anegada Bay, Province of Buenos Aires, with the material analyzed in the protologue and allied taxa, and to record the species for the first time in Argentina, extending its distribution.Several ultrastructural analyses of taxa belonging to the genus Thalassiosira from Argentinean coastal waters were carried out, nevertheless, the smaller fraction of the nanoplanktonic Thalassiosira was frequently overlooked. The aim of this study is to show the morphological variation of T. catharinensis, to compare material found in marine coastal waters of Anegada Bay, Province of Buenos Aires, with the material analyzed in the protologue and allied taxa, and to record the species for the first time in Argentina, extending its distribution.Fil: Lavigne, Andrea Susana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; ArgentinaFil: Sunesen, Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; ArgentinaFil: Sar, Eugenia Alicia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Lavigne, Andrea Susana

Sar, Eugenia Alicia

Sunesen, Inés

Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica

English

LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas

195Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (2) 2018 A. S. Lavigne et al. - Thalassiosira catharinensis from argentinean marine coastal watersISSN 0373-580 XBol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (2): 195-200. 2018IntroductIonThe genus Thalassiosira Cleve emend. Hasle (1973) is an important component of the marine phytoplankton in coastal environments worldwide. According to the diatom list in DiatomBase (Kociolek et al., 2017) it comprises 381 specific and infraspecific names, including synonyms. The genus Thalassiosira was more or less recently split into new genera: Roundia Makarova (1994), Takanoa Makarova (1994), Shionodiscus Alverson, Kang & Theriot (2006), Spicaticribra Johansen, Kociolek & Lowe (2008) and Conticribra Stachura-Suchoples & Williams (2009).  Ultrastructural analyses of taxa belonging to the genus Thalassiosira from Argentinean coastal waters were carried out by Lange et al. (1983), Sar & Ferrario (1987), Ferrario & Sar (1988), Gayoso (1989), Sar (1996), Sar et al. (2001, 2002, 2011), Sunesen & Sar (2004), Sunesen (2007) and Sar & Sunesen (2017). Some of the taxa analyzed in the mentioned literature were transferred to Shionodiscus Alverson, Kang & Theriot in Alverson et al. (2006) and Minidiscus Hasle emend Park in Park et al. (2017), and most part of them corresponds to the microplankton or to the largest fraction of the nanoplankton. By contrast, the smaller fraction of the nanoplanktonic Thalassiosira species was frequently overlooked.  Recently, Garcia & Mareschi Bissa (2016) and Garcia & Bärwaldt Dutra (2016) analyzed two small nanoplanktonic species of Thalassiosira from the South Atlantic Ocean. Garcia & Bärwaldt Dutra (2016) described T. catharinensis Garcia, 1 División Ficología “Dr. Sebastián A. Guarrera”, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina.2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina.* easar@fcnym.unlp.edu.arFIrst record oF thalassIosIra catharInensIs (BacIllarIophyta) From argentInean marIne coastal watersANDREA S. LAVIGNE1, INÉS SUNESEN1,2 and EUGENIA A. SAR1,2*Summary: Several ultrastructural analyses of taxa belonging to the genus Thalassiosira from Argentinean coastal waters were carried out, nevertheless, the smaller fraction of the nanoplanktonic Thalassiosira was frequently overlooked. The aim of this study is to show the morphological variation of T. catharinensis, to compare material found in marine coastal waters of Anegada Bay, Province of Buenos Aires, with the material analyzed in the protologue and allied taxa, and to record the species for the first time in Argentina, extending its distribution.Key words: Anegada Bay, Argentina, diatoms, first record, marine coastal waters, Thalassiosira catharinensis. Resumen: Primer registro de Thalassiosira catharinensis (Bacillariophyta) en aguas costeras marinas argentinas. A pesar de que se llevaron a cabo varios estudios ultraestructurales de taxones pertenecientes al género Thalassiosira procedentes de las aguas costeras de la Argentina, la fracción más pequeña de los taxones nanoplanctónicos de Thalassiosira fue pasada por alto con frecuencia. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar la variabilidad morfológica de T. catharinensis, comparar los materiales encontrados en las aguas marinas costeras de la Bahía Anegada (Provincia de Buenos Aires) con el material analizado en el protólogo y con taxones afines, y registrar la especie por primera vez para Argentina, extendiendo su distribución.Palabras clave: aguas marinas costeras, Argentina, Bahía Anegada, diatomeas, primer registro, Thalassiosira catharinensis 196Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (2) 2018from Praia do Gi, Laguna, Santa Catarina State, Southern of Brazil. The aim of this study is to show the morphological variation of Thalassiosira catharinensis, a small nanoplanktonic species found for the first time in Argentinean waters, and to compare it with material analyzed in its protologue and other allied taxa. materIal and methodsThe material analyzed was collected at three locations along Anegada Bay: Los Pocitos (40º 25’ 47’’S-62º 25’ 18’’W), Ría del Jabalí (40º 32’ 25’’S-62º 17’ 36’’W) and Bahía San Blas (40º 32’ 49’’S-62º 14’ 13’’W), at the southern coast of Province of Buenos Aires, from May 2008 to December 2017. Qualitative samples were taken from the surface layer of the water column (between 0 and 5 m) with 30 μm net hauls and fixed with 4 % formalin. In the laboratory, the preserved samples were rinsed with distilled water to remove salt and preservatives, and then the organic matter was oxidized according to Hasle & Fryxell (1970) and Prygiel & Coste (2000). The cleaned material was mounted for light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after Ferrario et al. (1995). Permanent mounts were made with Naphrax (Brunel Microscopes, Chippenham, UK). The raw and treated samples, slides and stubs material were deposited in the Herbarium (index herbariorum LPC), División Ficología “Dr. Sebastián A. Guarrera”, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, under the numbers LPC 11601 to LPC 12146. Observations were made with a light microscope Zeiss Axiovert 40 CFL (phase contrast and DIC diferential interference contrast). Photomicrographs were taken with a Jeol JSM 6360 LV (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) scanning electron microscope. Terminology follows Fryxell & Hasle (1979), Ross et al. (1979), Syvertsen & Hasle (1984) and Round et al. (1990). Considering the very small diameter of the analyzed material, fultoportula density in 10 µm was determined following Hasle (1983) as: n ×·10 / π × d, where n is the number of marginal fultoportulae observed in the valve and d is the valve diameter.resultsMorphological characterization of Anegada Bay’s taxonFig. 1 A-DThe material presents circular valves (Fig. 1A, B), 6.2-7.4 µm in diameter. The valve is slightly silicified, the valve surface is frequently collapsed (Fig. 1B) and the valve mantle is shallow, 2-3 areolae in height. The striation pattern is radial, areolae are elliptical, 39-43 in 10 µm, arranged in radial striae, 47-52 in 10 µm. The portula pattern is characterized by one central fultoportula, a marginal ring of fultoportulae on the valve mantle, 3.0-3.4 in 10 µm (Fig. 1A, B) and a marginal rimoportula (Fig. 1A, arrowhead). The central fultoportula has a very short external (Fig. 1A, B) and internal tube (Fig. 1B, D, arrowheads). The marginal fultoportulae have cylindrical external tubes, and shorter internal tubes (Fig. 1A, B) surrounded by 3 operculate satellite pores (Fig. 1C). The rimoportula is close to one fultoportula of the marginal ring, similar in diameter, with the external tube opening in different direction than the tubes of fultoportulae (Fig. 1A, arrowhead). The comparison of our taxon with the specimens illustrated by Garcia & Bärwaldt Dutra (2016: 62, Figs. 1-14) as Thalassiosira catharinensis based on distribution pattern of portulae, density of fultoportulae, location, morphology of the external apertures of fultoportulae and rimoportula, number of satellite pores of the marginal fultoportulae (Table 1), allowed us to determine that both taxa are conspecific. T. catharinensis material from Anegada Bay shows subtle differences with that described in the protologue in size (6.2-7.4 vs. 4.4-6.6 µm) and stria density (47-52 vs. 50-60). Valve mantle was described by Garcia & Bärwaldt Dutra (2016) as 1-2 areolae in height, nevertheless protologue’s figures 5-8 show mantle is 2-3 areolae height.Photographed material: LPC 11644, Ría del Jabalí, 18/01/2009.Distribution: Thalassiosira catharinensis was scarce in phytoplankton samples in Ría del Jabalí on summer (waters temperature ranged between 18.5 and 19.5ºC). This is the first record of the species in Argentinian coastal waters and extends the distribution given by Garcia & Bärwaldt Dutra 197Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (2) 2018 A. S. Lavigne et al. - Thalassiosira catharinensis from argentinean marine coastal waters(2016) that described it from Southern Brazil. It occurs in some samples together with T. laevis, recently cited by Sar & Sunesen (2017) from northern coastal waters of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and found for first time from Anegada Bay during this study.dIscussIonThalassiosira catharinensis belongs to the nanoplanktonic size group of the genus with a central fultoportula, a marginal ring of fultoportulae and a marginal rimoportula. T. laevis, T. mala Takano, T. pseudonana Hasle & Heimdal, T. allenii Takano, T. binata Fryxell and T. conferta Hasle, previously quoted for Argentina, belong to the same group. The comparison between T. catharinensis and T. laevis, T. mala, T. profunda (Hendey) Hasle, and T. pseudonana was presented by Garcia & Bärwaldt Dutra (2016, Table 1). In this study we added comparisons of T. catharinensis with other species previously quoted for Argentina having diameter of less than 10 μm and sharing portulae pattern. Thalassiosira catharinensis can be distinguished from T. allenii (Takano, 1965, figs. 2, 9-11; Hasle & Fryxell, 1978, figs. 100-128) by a higher density of areolae on valve surface, not resolved in LM (39-48 vs. 18-24) and lower density of marginal fultoportulae (3.0-3.4 vs. 5-7).  Thalassiosira binata (Hasle & Fryxell, 1977, figs. 24-38; Sar et al., 2001, figs. 8-10) is easily distinguished from T. catharinensis by the height of the valve mantle (6 vs. 2-3 areolae), the length of the external tubes of the marginal fultoportulae (long vs. short), and the presence of a depressed central areola adjacent to the central fultoportula in T. binata.  Thalassiosira conferta Hasle (Hasle & Fryxell, 1977, figs. 1-23; Lange et al., 1983, figs. 10-12) differs from T. catharinensis by the position and diameter of the rimoportula, placed between two closely located fultoportulae with narrower external tube.  In addition, the comparison was also extended to other members of Thalassiosira belonging to the same group, T. bulbosa Syvertsen, T. oceanica Hasle and T. partheneia Schrader, not quoted for Argentina until now.Fig. 1. Thalassiosira catharinensis. SEM. A-D: Valves in external view. A: Frustule showing external tubes of the central fultoportula, the marginal fultoportulae, and a marginal rimoportula close to one fultoportula of the marginal ring (arrowhead), LPC 11644. B: Frustule with a collapsed valve showing external tube of one valve (apparently eccentric due to the displacement of the valve towards one side of the frustule) and internal tube of the other valve. Note marginal fultoportulae in internal view at 2 and 12 o’clock, LPC 11644. C: Detail of the figure B. Note internal view of a marginal fultoportula showing three satellite pores (arrowhead). D: Detail of the broken central area of a valve showing external and internal (arrowhead) tube of the fultoportula. Scale bars: A, B = 2 µm; C, D = 1 µm.198Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (2) 2018 Thalassiosira bulbosa Syvertsen (Syvertsen & Hasle, 1984, figs. 1-32) has marginal fultoportulae with low bulb-shaped outer tubes while T. catharinensis presents cylindrical outer tubes, the marginal fultoportulae are denser in the former than in the latter (4.5 vs. 3.0-3.4) and rimoportula is placed between two fultoportulae in the former and next to one fultoportula in the latter. Thalassiosira oceanica Hasle (Hasle, 1983, figs. 1-18; Park & Lee, 2010, figs. 15-22) has a marginal ridge structure between the fultoportulae absent in T. catharinensis and Thalassiosira partheneia Schrader (Schrader, 1972, figs. 1-12; Hasle, 1983, figs. 19-33) has long internal tubes of the marginal fultoportulae with two satellite pores while T. catharinesis has short internal tubes of the marginal fultoportulae with three satellite pores.acknowledgementsThe research was supported by a grant from the Universidad Nacional de La Plata 11/N722 and had the logistical support of the Dirección Provincial de Pesca of the Ministerio de Agroindustria, Province of Buenos Aires.BIBlIographyALVERSON, A. J., S.-H. KANG & E. C. THERIOT. 2006. Cell wall morphology and systematic importance of Thalassiosira ritscheri (Hustedt) Hasle, with a description of Shionodiscus gen. nov. Diatom Res. 21: 251-262.FERRARIO, M. E. & E. A. SAR. 1988. Marine diatoms from Chubut (Argentina Republic) Centrales II - Thalassiosira. Rev. Bras. Biol. 48: 421-429.FERRARIO, M. E., E. A. SAR & S. E. SALA. 1995. Metodología básica para el estudio del fitoplancton con especial referencia a las diatomeas. In: ALVEAL, K., M. E. FERRARIO, E. C. OLIVEIRA & E. SAR (eds.), Manual de Métodos Ficológicos, pp. 1-23. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.FRYXELL, G. A. & G. R. HASLE. 1979. The genus Thalassiosira: species with internal extensions of strutted processes. Phycologia 18: 378-393.Table 1. Comparison between Thalassiosira catharinensis from Anegada Bay (this study) and Santa Catarina State based on the protologue. Abbreviations: nd, no data; *, measured or observed from the protologue’s figures.Thalassiosira catharinensis Garcia & Bärwaldt Dutra (2016) This study (n = 20)Diameter in µm 4.4-6.6 6.2-7.4Striation pattern radial radialValve mantle, areolae in height 1-22-32-3*Striae at the margin of the valve surface in 10 μmnd47-52ca. 50-60*Areolae in 10 µm on valve face 39-48 39-43Fultoportulae on valve face: number, location, morphology 1 central, with external and internal tube 1 central, with external and internal tubeMarginal fultoportulae in 10 µm, morphology 3.0-3.3, with external and internal tubes 3.0-3.4, with external and internal tubesNumber of satellite pores of the marginal fultoportulae 3, operculate* 3, operculateRimoportula one, close to one fultoportula of the marginal ring, with external tubeone, close to one fultoportula of the marginal ring, with external tubeExternal aperture of the rimoportulacylindrical tube, opening in different direction than the tubes of fultoportulaecylindrical tube, opening in different direction than the tubes of fultoportulae199Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (2) 2018 A. S. Lavigne et al. - Thalassiosira catharinensis from argentinean marine coastal watersGARCIA, M. & D. BÄRWALDT DUTRA. 2016. A new species of nanoplanktonic diatom: Thalassiosira catharinensis (Bacillariophyceae) from Southern of Brazil. Phytotaxa 288: 61-68.GARCIA, M. & W. MARESCHI BISSA. 2016. First Record of Thalassiosira laevis Gao & Cheng for the Southern Hemisphere in the Atlantic Ocean. Diatom 32: 33-37.GAYOSO, A. M. 1989. Species of the diatom Genus Thalassiosira from a coastal zone of the South Atlantic (Argentina). Bot. Mar. 32: 331-337.HASLE, G. R. 1973. Thalassiosiraceae, a new Diatom Family. Norw. J. Bot. 20: 67-69.HASLE, G. R. 1983. The marine, planktonic diatoms Thalassiosira oceanica sp. nov. and T. partheneia. J. Phycol. 19: 220-229.HASLE, G. R. & G. A. FRYXELL. 1970. Diatoms: cleaning and mounting for light and electron microscopy. Trans. Amer. Microscop. Soc. 89: 469-474.HASLE, G. R. & G. A. FRYXELL. 1977. Thalassiosira conferta and T. binata, two new diatom species. Norw. J. Bot. 24: 239-248.HASLE, G. R. & G. A. FRYXELL. 1978. Some Thalassiosira species with one central process (Bacillariophyceae). Norw. J. Bot. 25: 77-110.JOHANSEN, J., P. KOCIOLEK & R. LOWE. 2008. Spicaticribra kingstonii, gen. nov. et sp. nov. (Thalassiosirales, Bacillariophyta) from Great Smoky Mountains National Park, U.S.A. Diatom Res. 23: 367-375.KOCIOLEK, J. P., K. BALASUBRAMANIAN, S. BLANCO, M. COSTE, L. ECTOR, Y. LIU, M. KULIKOVSKIY, N. LUNDHOLM, T. LUDWIG, M. POTAPOVA, F. RIMET, K. SABBE, S. SALA, E. SAR, J. TAYLOR, B. VAN DE VIJVER, C. E.WETZEL, D. M. WILLIAMS, A. WITKOWSKI, & J. WITKOWSKI. 2017. DiatomBase. Available at: http://www.diatombase.org [Accessed: 2017-12-18]. LANGE, C., R. M. NEGRI & H. R. BENAVIDES. 1983. Algunas especies del género Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyceae) del Mar Argentino. (Parte 1). Iheringia, Ser. Bot. 31: 9-30.MAKAROVA, I. V. 1994. The morphology of marine genera of the family Thalassiosiraceae Lebour emend Hasle. In: KOCIOLEK, J. P. (ed.), Proceedings of the 11th International Diatom Symposium. Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci. 17: 103-112.PARK, J. S. & J. H. LEE. 2010. A study on the fine structure of marine diatoms in Korean coastal waters: Genus Thalassiosira 5. Algae 25: 121-131.PARK, J. S., S. W. JUNG, J.-S. KI, R. GUO, H. J. KIM, K.-W. LEE & J. H. LEE. 2017. Transfer of the small diatoms Thalassiosira proschkinae and T. spinulata to the genus Minidiscus and their taxonomic re-description. PLOS ONE 12(9): e0181980. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181980PRYGIEL, J. & M. COSTE. 2000. Guide Méthodologique pour la mise en ouvre de l´Indice Biologique Diatomées. Agences de l’Eau, Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de l’Environnement, Direction de l’Eau & CEMAGREF, Cestas. ROSS, R., E. J. COX, N. I. KARAYEVA, D. G. MANN, T. B. B. PADDOCK, R. SIMONSEN & P. A. SIMS. 1979. An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. In: SIMONSEN, R. (ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Marine Diatoms. Nova Hedwigia, Beih. 64: 513-533. ROUND, F. E., R. CRAWFORD & D. G. MANN. 1990. The Diatoms. Morphology and Biology of the Genera. Cambridge University Press, London. SAR, E. A. 1996. Flora diatomológica de Bahía San Antonio (Prov. de Río Negro, Argentina) O. Centrales I. Rev. Mus. La Plata (n. s.) 14, Bot. 106: 365-400.SAR, E. A. & M. E. FERRARIO. 1987. Novedades sobre la distribución de Thalassiosira curviseriata Takano y T. pacifica Gran et Angst (Bacillariophyceae) en Argentina. Gayana, Botánica 44: 89-91.SAR, E. A. & I. SUNESEN. 2017. Morphological variability of the nanoplanktonic diatom Thalassiosira laevis from coastal waters of Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina). Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 52: 617-622.SAR, E. A., I. SUNESEN & C. CASTAÑOS. 2001. 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Primer registro de Thalassiosira catharinensis (Bacillariophyta) en aguas costeras marinas argentinas

CONICET Digital

Several ultrastructural analyses of taxa belonging to the genus Thalassiosira from Argentinean coastal waters were carried out, nevertheless, the smaller fraction of the nanoplanktonic Thalassiosira was frequently overlooked. The aim of this study is to show the morphological variation of T. catharinensis, to compare material found in marine coastal waters of Anegada Bay, Province of Buenos Aires, with the material analyzed in the protologue and allied taxa, and to record the species for the first time in Argentina, extending its distribution.Primer registro de Thalassiosira catharinensis (Bacillariophyta) en aguas costeras marinas argentinas. A pesar de que se llevaron a cabo varios estudios ultraestructurales de taxones pertenecientes al género Thalassiosira procedentes de las aguas costeras de la Argentina, la fracción más pequeña de los taxones nanoplanctónicos de Thalassiosira fue pasada por alto con frecuencia. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar la variabilidad morfológica de T. catharinensis, comparar los materiales encontrados en las aguas marinas costeras de la Bahía Anegada (Provincia de Buenos Aires) con el material analizado en el protólogo y con taxones afines, y registrar la especie por primera vez para Argentina, extendiendo su distribución

Lavigne, Andrea S.

Sar, Eugenia A.

Revistas de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

Primer registro de Thalassiosira catharinensis (Bacillariophyta) en aguas costeras marinas argentinas.

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Primer registro de Thalassiosira catharinensis (Bacillariophyta) en aguas costeras marinas argentinas

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