Se registró la tasa de oviposición de Symperygia bonapartii en cautiverio. En un período de un año una hembra depositó 152 ovicápsulas a una tasa de 0.4 huevos por día y la otra depositó 200 ovicápsulas a una tasa de 0.5 huevos por día.The oviposition rate in captive Sympterygia bonapartii was reported. In a year period one female laid a total of 152 egg cases at a rate of 0.4 egg cases per day and a second one laid a total of 200 egg cases at a rate of 0.5 egg cases per day.Fil: Jañez, Julieta A.. Fundación Temaiken; ArgentinaFil: Sueiro, Maria Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; Argentin

Jañez, Julieta A.

Sueiro, Maria Cruz

English

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    Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(4): 580-582 Scientific Note  Oviposition rate of the fanskate Sympterygia bonapartii (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) (Müller & Henle, 1841)  held in captivity.  JULIETA A. JAÑEZ1 & MARÍA C. SUEIRO  Fundación Temaiken, Acuario. Ruta Provincial 25 Km. 0.700 (1625), Escobar- Buenos Aires-Argentina. 1Email: jjanez@temaiken.org.ar  Abstract. The oviposition rate in captive Sympterygia bonapartii was reported. In a year period one female laid a total of 152 egg cases at a rate of 0.4 egg cases per day and a second one laid a total of 200 egg cases at a rate of 0.5 egg cases per day.   Key words: egg cases, skate, aquarium, egg cases laying, controlled conditions  Resumen. Tasa de oviposición de la raya marmolada Sympterygia bonapartii (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) (Müller & Henle, 1841) mantenida en cautiverio. Se registró la tasa de oviposición de Symperygia bonapartii en cautiverio. En un período de un año una hembra depositó 152 ovicápsulas a una tasa de 0.4 huevos por día y la otra depositó 200 ovicápsulas a una tasa de 0.5 huevos por día.  Palabras clave: ovicápsulas, rayas, acuario, puesta de ovicápsulas, condiciones controladas.  The skate genus Sympterygia comprises four species endemic to the temperate Atlantic and Pacific waters of South America. The smallnose fanskate S. bonapartii is one of the most commonly landed skate off northern Argentina and Uruguay (Massa et al., 2004). This species occurs from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil (33° S) to Rawson City, Argentina (44° S) (Paesch & Meneses, 1999), from the intertidal to 100 m deep (Menni & Stehmann, 2000). Studies on S. bonapartii have focused on taxonomy (Cousseau et al., 2000, McEachran, 1982), reproductive biology and abundance (Mabragaña et al., 2002), distribution (Menni & Stehmann, 2000), size at maturity (Oddone & Velasco, 2004), incubation period and size at hatching (Jañez & Sueiro, 2007) and some aspects of trophic ecology (Barrera Oro & Maranta 1996; Paesch, 2000). However several aspects of the life-history of S. bonapartii i.e. fecundity are still unknown (Mabragaña et al., 2002). Elasmobrachs (including the skates and rays) are considered to be particularly vulnerable to over-exploitation by fisheries as a result of their K-selected life-history strategy (Camhi et al., 1998). Since 1994 elasmobranchs have became increasingly important in south-west Atlantic fisheries (Massa & Hozbor, 2003; Paesch & Meneses, 1999). Biological data, especially regarding reproduction of skates are needed for proper management of their fisheries (Mabragaña et al., 2002). Observation conducted on captive smallnose skates allowed us to report the first contribution concerning the rate of egg-laying for this species.   Two mature female Sympterygia bonapartii (female A: total length, TL 65 cm, disc width, DW 42 cm; female B: TL 65 cm, DW 47 cm) were caught by demersal otter trawl off Mar del Plata City, Argentina (38°09´ S; 57°33´ W) in July 2002. Specimens were maintained in a tank (1000 m3) with constant temperature (16.5 °C), salinity (35-37), and photoperiod (12L:12D), with at least one mature male, at Temaiken Aquarium, Escobar, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. At the time of the first egg-laying, the females were placed in separate tanks (15 m3) under the same conditions, as mentioned above. For the period between the capture and the beginning of this study data on egg-laying are lacking.   The number of egg cases in each tank was counted daily and the following data recorded: date, Ovoposition rate of the fanskate Sympterygia bonapartii held in captivity Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(4): 580-582 581egg-layer female and presence of yolk examined under transmitted light. The total number of egg cases laid per month per female was pooled for a 12-month period. Total length and width of 30 egg cases were recorded following Clark (1922).  The mean total length of egg cases was (mean ± SD) 77.5 ± 2.6 mm and the mean width was 45.4 ± 2.2 mm (n=30). Female A first deposited an egg case on 1 August 2005. Over a period of 12 months, 152 egg cases were deposited, giving an average rate of 0.4 egg cases per day. The time interval between each pair ranged from 2 to 12 days (mean ± SD; 5.4 ± 2.1). Parturition peaked in September and January and reached a minimum in October (Fig. 1a). Female B laid her firs egg case on 28 October 2005. Over a period of 12 months, 200 egg cases were produced, giving an average rate of 0.5 egg cases per day. The interval between subsequent laying of egg cases pairs ranged from 1 to 14 days (mean ± SD; 4.1 ± 2.4). Parturition peaked in December and the minimum in February (Fig. 1b). Duration of parturition was approximately one to three hours per pairs of egg cases. Of all egg cases laid by both females, 342 (97.2 %) contained a single embryo, 3 (0.8 %) contained two embryos (Fig. 2) and 7 (2.0 %) were empty. Egg cases that were empty or containing two embryos were always paired with an egg case with a simple embryo. The presence of more than one embryo per egg case is recorded for the first time in S. bonapartii. Similar cases were reported in Leucoraja erinacea (Mitchill, 1825) by Richards et al., (1963), although in L. erinacea the other capsule of the pair did not contain an embryo, just conversely as described in this work. In Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808), it has been suggested that the passage of the eggs through the ostium and into the egg case in formation in the oviducal gland, could be delayed so they cannot reach the forming egg case before it fully formed and closed (Templeman, 1982). According to Mabragaña et al. (2002) egg case length and width for S. bonapartii in natural environment are 76.5 ± 3.92 mm and 48.37 ± 0.74 mm respectively. These values are similar with the data recorded in this work (length and width 77.5 ± 2.6 mm and 45.4 ± 2.2 mm, respectively).  The time interval between laying egg cases of the same pair in the smallnose fanskate agrees with observations made by Luer & Gilbert (1985) in Raja eglanteria maintained in captivity, who observed that this interval varies from several  minutes to a few hours. Mabragaña et al. (2002) suggested that females of S. bonapartii lay their egg cases in late spring (November) and the beginning of summer (December- January). However, the environment conditions in the aquaria were constant and this could have masked seasonal variations. The presence of embryos and yolk in over 90 % of the egg cases laid indicates that this species is capable of a successful reproduction in aquaria. The results of this study are the first data on oviposition rate for the genus Sympterygia in controlled conditions. This is an approach to estimate the fecundity of this species, but it’s necessary to continue the studies simulated the environment condition.   Figure 1. Egg laying frequency of female A (a) and female B (b) during a twelve- month period.   Figure 2. View of an egg case contained two embryos, observed by transmitted light.   Acknowledgments We thank three anonymous referees for useful and helpful comments on the manuscript. We thank the crew of Temaiken Aquarium: M. Tambella, N. Pogrebski and L. Zolezzi (Divers) for J. A. JAÑEZ & M. C. SUEIRO Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2009), 4(4): 580-582 582assistance in the collection of egg cases; and L. Lucifora for helping us with valuable comments and suggestions. We also thank Fundación Temaiken for supporting our work at the aquarium.  References  Barrera Oro, E. R. & Maranta, A. 1996. Regimen alimentario estacional de Sympterygia bonapartei Müller & Henle, 1841 (Rajidae) en Mar del Plata. Boletim do Laboratorio de Hidrobiología, 9: 33-53. Camhi, M., Fowler S., Musick J., Brautigam, A. & Fordham, S. 1998. Sharks and their relatives: ecology and conservation. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission, 20: 1-39. Clark, R. S. 1922. Rays and skates (Raiae) No1. Egg - capsules and young. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 12: 577-643. Cousseau, M. B., Figueroa, D. E. & Díaz Astarloa, J. M. 2000. Clave de Identificación de las Rayas del Litoral Marítimo de Argentina y Uruguay (Chondrichtyes, Familia Rajidae). Mar del Plata Publicaciones Especiales INIDEP,  35 p. Ebert, E. A. & Davis, C. D. 2007. Descriptions of skate egg cases (Chondrichthyes: Rajiformes: Rajoidei) from the eastern North Pacific. Zootaxa, 1393: 1-18. Jañez, J. & Sueiro, M. C. 2007. Size at hatching and incubation period of Sympterygia bonapartii (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) bred in captivity at the Temaiken Aquarium. Journal of Fish Biology, 70: 648-650.  Koop, J. H. 2005. Reproduction of captive Raja spp. in the Dolfinarium Harderwijk. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85: 1201-1202. Luer, C. A. & Gilbert, P. W. 1985. Mating behaviour, egg deposition, incubation period, and hatching in the clearnose skate. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 13: 161-171. Mabragaña, E., Lucifora, L. O. & Massa, A. M. 2002. The reproductive ecology and abundance of Sympterygia bonapartii endemic to the south-west Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology, 60: 951-967. Massa, A. M., Lucifora, L. O. & Hozbor, N. M. 2004. Condrictios de la región costera bonaerense y uruguaya. Pp.85-99. In: Sánchez, R. & Bezzi, S. (Eds.). El Mar Argentino y sus recursos pesqueros.Tomo 4. Biología y evaluación del estado de explotación. Publicaciones especiales INIDEP, Mar del Plata, 359 p.  Massa, A. M. & Hozbor, N. M. 2003. Peces cartilaginosos de la plataforma argentina: explotación, situación y necesidades para un manejo pesquero adecuado. Revista del Frente Marítimo, 19: 199-206. McEachran, J. D. 1982. Revision of the South American skate Genus Sympterygia (Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes). Copeia, 4: 867-890. Menni, R. C. & Stehmann, M. F. W. 2000. Distribution, environment and biology of batoid fishes off Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. A review. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 2: 69-109. Oddone, M. C. & Velasco, G. 2004. Size at maturity of smallnose fanskate Sympterygia bonapartii (Müller & Henle, 1841) (Pisces, Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) in the SW Atlantic. Journal of Marine Science, 61: 293- 296. Paesch, L. & Meneses, P. 1999. Estudios Realizados sobre los Elasmobranquios dentro del Río de la Plata y la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Urugyuaya en el Marco del “Plan de Investigación Pesquera”. Pp.1-3. In: Arena, G. & Rey, M. (Eds.). La pesquería de elasmobranquios en la Zona Común de Pesca Argentino-Uruguaya. Instituto Nacional de Pesca- United Nations Development Programme, Montevideo, 79 p. Paesch, L. 2000. Hábitos alimentarios de algunas especies de elasmobranquios en el frente oceánico del Río de la Plata. Frente Marítimo, 18A: 71-90. Richards, S. W., Merriman, D. & Calhoun, L. H. 1963. Studies on the marine resources of southern New England. IX. The biology of the little skate, Raja erinaecea. Mitchell. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, 18: 5-67. Templeman, W. 1982. Development, Occurrence and Characteristics of Egg Capsules of the Thorny Skate, Raja radiate, in the Northwest Atlantic. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science, 3: 47-56.  Received January 2009 Accepted April 2009 Published online March 2010 

Tasa de oviposición de la raya marmolada Sympterygia bonapartii (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) (Müller & Henle, 1841) mantenida en cautiverio

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Tasa de oviposición de la raya marmolada Sympterygia bonapartii (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) (Müller & Henle, 1841) mantenida en cautiverio

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