Descrption of the adult, egg, and planidium of a new species , Laurella rugosa Torréns, Heraty and Fidalgo (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae), from Salta, Argentina, is provided, along with a new key for the species of the genus. Laurella rugosa deposits eggs on the underside of leaves of Serjania glabrata Kunth (Sapindaceae), a climbing plant that grows in the understory of Piptadenia macrocarpa Benth. (Leguminosae)Fil: Torrens, Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Heraty, John Michael. University of California; Estados UnidosFil: Fidalgo, Alberto Antonio P.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; Argentin

Fidalgo, Alberto Antonio P.

Heraty, John Michael

Torrens, Javier

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington

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Biology and description of a new species of Laurella Heraty (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) from Argentina

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BIOLOGY AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OFLAURELLA HERATY (HYMENOPTERA: EUCHARITIDAE)FROM ARGENTINAJAVIER TORRÉNS, JOHN M. HERATY, AND PATRICIO FIDALGO(JT, PF) CRILAR-CONICET, Entre Rı́os y Mendoza, 5301 Anillaco, La Rioja,Argentina (e-mails: jtorrens@crilar-conicet.com.ar; pfidalgo@crilar-conicet.com.ar);(JMH) Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521,USA (e-mail: john.heraty@ucr.edu)Abstract.—Description of the adult, egg, and planidium of a new species, Laurellarugosa Torréns, Heraty, and Fidalgo (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae), from Salta,Argentina, is provided, along with a new key for the species of the genus. Laurellarugosa deposits eggs on the underside of leaves of Serjania glabrata Kunth(Sapindaceae), a climbing plant that grows in the understory of Piptadeniamacrocarpa Benth. (Leguminoceae).Key Words: Laurella rugosa, egg, planidium, host plantLaurella (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae)was initially described to include threespecies, L. bonariensis (Gemignani), L.vianai (Gemignani), and L. gurianaHeraty (Heraty 2002). Two of thesespecies were described by Gemignani(1947) as Lirata bonariensis and Para-kapala vianai. Laurella belongs to thelargely Neotropical Kapala clade withinthe Eucharitinae, which usually can berecognized by the parallel elongate pro-jections arising from the scutellum(Heraty 2002). Oviposition takes placewith the deposition of large numbers ofeggs, either in cavities in plant buds orwith the eggs scattered over the un-dersurface of the leaf (Clausen 1940a;Heraty and Darling 1984; Heraty 2002).All members of the Kapala clade areknown to only attack the immaturestages of large poneromorph ants in thesubfamilies Ectatomminae, Ponerinae,and Paraponerinae (sensu Bolton 2003).Larvae initially attach to the host larva,but most development occurs on the hostpupa (Clausen 1940b).The biology of Laurella was unknown,and its immature stages undescribed,with the exception of a single planidiumtaken from the body of an adult of L.vianai from Tucumán, Argentina (Heraty2002). The larva was similar in morphol-ogy to that of a closely related genus,Thoracantha Latreille, with both generasharing elongate channels on the crani-um (Heraty 2002). Attachment of larvaeto the adult host is relatively common ineucharitids attacking poneromorph antsand is associated with highly activelarvae seeking an adult ant host forphoretic transfer back to the brood inthe ant nest. These active planidia mayattach accidentally to an adult eucharitidvisiting oviposition sites used by otherfemales of the same species; thus, theseattached planidia on the eucharitid adultare likely from the same species (Heraty,unpublished).Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington went-109-01-06.3d 8/10/06 16:36:09 45 Cust # 05-093PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.109(1), 2007, pp. 45–51Laurella is known only from SouthAmerica, with scattered locality recordsfrom Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay,and Venezuela. A new species, Laurellarugosa, was discovered in northern Ar-gentina, and information is included onits life history and immature stages.Morphological terms used in the descrip-tions are from Heraty (2002) and Darling(1988), with details on sculpture fromEady (1968).Type material is deposited in thefollowing collections: MACN, MuseoArgentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Ber-nardino Rivadavia’’, Buenos Aires, Ar-gentina; IFML, Instituto FundaciónMiguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina;FSCA, Florida State Collections ofArthropods, Gainesville, Florida,U.S.A.; UCRC, University of California,Riverside, California, U.S.A.Laurella rugosa Torréns, Heraty, andFidalgo, new species(Figs. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11–20)Diagnosis.—Distinguished from theother species by a combination of semi-appressed setae on the head and meso-soma, darkened femora basally, andthick scutellar spines that are slightlybowed in dorsal view (Fig. 3). Addition-ally, females have an elongate basalflagellomere that is lightly colored basal-ly, and the mesoscutum is stronglyrounded in profile (Fig. 5). The egg isstalked and similar to other Eucharitinaeas described by Heraty and Darling(1984). The planidium is almost identicalProceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington went-109-01-06.3d 8/10/06 16:36:10 46 Cust # 05-093Figs. 1–6. 1, Laurella rugosa, head and antenna (female, sublateral). 2, L. guriana, head and antenna(female, frontal). 3, L. rugosa, head and mesosoma (female, dorsal). 4, L. guriana, head and mesosoma(female, dorsal). 5, L. rugosa, habitus (female). 6, L. guriana, habitus (female).46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTONto that of Thoracantha striata Perty(Heraty 2002), with both planidia havinga distinct line extending laterally fromanterior cranial sensilla and presense ofa seta ventrally on T1. Laurella rugosadiffers by having a seta ventrally on TIand no ventral or lateral seta on TII. Aswell, the ventral posterior process onTIX is divided and developed laterally inL. rugosa.Holotype female.—Length 3.6 mm.Body completely black except lightbrown tegula; scape, pedicel, basal halfof F2 light brown, rest of flagellum darkbrown; femora dark brown basally,distal half of femora, tibiae, and tarsiyellow. Wings evenly infuscate withvenation dark brown.Head: 1.53 as broad as high (Figs. 1,11). Face with surface weakly scabrousand with weak striae converging fromgenae to clypeus, and from lower face tomedian ocellus (Fig. 11). Eyes separatedby 2.43 their height. Labrum with fivedigits, each digit with a terminal flat-tened seta (Fig. 12). Clypeus smooth;supraclypeal area swollen, slightly re-ticulate with a few weak transversestriae. Antenna with 11 segments(Figs. 1, 13), scape swollen apically, notreaching to ventral margin of medianocellus. Length of flagellum 1.53 heightof head, basal flagellomere 6.23 as longas basal width, 1.93 as long as followingsegment; basal flagellomere flared api-cally, following segments flared andweakly serrate apically, clava rounded;all flagellar segments scabrous.Mesosoma (Figs. 3, 5): Mesoscutumrounded anteriorly; midlobe with irregu-lar transverse carinae, and with weaklongitudinal depression medially; sidelobe with similar carinae but less distinct;entire surface covered by semi-appressedProceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington went-109-01-06.3d 8/10/06 16:36:19 47 Cust # 05-093Figs. 7–10. 7, Laurella rugosa, head and mesosoma (female, lateral). 8, L. guriana, habitus (male). 9,L. rugosa, habitus (male). 10, L. bonariensis, habitus (male).VOLUME 109, NUMBER 1 47setae; tegula with scattered setae. Notaulivaguely impressed anteriorly to stronglyimpressed posteriorly. Axilla, scutellum,and scutellar spine with strong longitu-dinal striae, sculpture becoming rugosein posterior half of spine, spines slightlybowed in dorsal view (Fig. 3); frenumglabrous and smooth, reflexed belowProceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington went-109-01-06.3d 8/10/06 16:36:38 48 Cust # 05-093Figs. 11–20. 11–14, Laurella rugosa (female). 11, Head (frontal). 12, Labrum. 13, antenna. 14,Prosternum and propleura (ventral). 15–16, L. rugosa (male). 15, Antenna. 16, Genitalia and aedeagus.17–20, Host plant and immature stages. 17, Underside of Serjania glabrata with eggs (white area). 18,Recently deposited egg. 19, Egg two days old with outline of planidium. 20, Planidium. Abbreviations:pl15 propleura; st15 prosternum; adg5 aedeagus; dig5 digitus; phl5 phallobase; tp5 tergopleural line.48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTONfreanal spines and with a medial carina.Propodeal disc rounded and slightlyrugose, with a broad medial depression.Mesepisternum glabrous and smooth;upper mesepimeron weakly reticulate tosmooth dorsally, becoming more strong-ly rugose-areolate ventrally, femoral de-pression deeply and narrowly impressedand with strong tranverse carinae; pre-pectus triangular and separated fromtegula by mesoscutum and acropleuron(Fig. 7). Prosternum (st1) trapezoidalwith two carina directed medially(Fig. 14). Forecoxa mostly smooth andbare, becoming reticulate with scatteredsetae anteriorly; midcoxa mostly smoothtwo lateral longitudinal carina; hindcoxa smooth to slightly reticulated api-cally, with few setae, hind coxa 1.83 aslong as broad. Forewing 2.53 as long asbroad; stigmal vein rectangular, 2.43 aslong as broad; postmarginal vein as longas stigmal vein.Metasoma: Petiole 3.13 as long asbroad and 1.33 as long as hind coxa,petiole mostly smooth with weak longi-tudinal carinae. Gastral terga black tobrown, terga smooth; Gt1 with fewscattered curved setae; hypopygium withcluster of dense long hairs apically.Variation.—Length 3.5–3.8 mm. Head1.4–1.53 as broad as high; eyes separat-ed by 1.9–2.63 their height. Length offlagellum 1.5–1.63 height of head, basalflagellomere 5–6.23 as long as basalwidth and 1.5–1.93 as long as followingsegment. Labrum with 5–6 digits. De-pression of midlobe weak to almostabsent. Tegula whitish to light brown.Scutellar spine with variation in breadth,and more than apical half can be rugose.Frenum with 1–3 carinae in differentforms. Hind coxa 1.6–1.93 as long asbroad. Forewing 2.4–2.63 as long asbroad. Petiole 2.7–3.23 as long as broadand 1.3–1.53 as long as hind coxa.Male.—Length 3.3–3.6 mm (Fig. 9).Similar to female except for following:head with sculpture more prominent;mesosoma with carinae more irregular;scutellar spine almost completely rugous;mesepisternum and mesepimeron withcarinae prominent and surface moreevenly rugose-areolate; legs with samecoloration as female but darker; antennapectinate (Figs. 9, 15), with same color-ation as female but darker, branch ofbasal flagellomere equal or shorter thanheight of head and 3.5–4.43 as long asscape; mesoscutum more vaulted inlateral view; forewing hyaline; petiole1.6–1.83 as long as hind coxa. Gastralterga black and more slender. Genitalia(Fig. 16) typical of most Eucharitidae;volsellus with several small marginalspines, aedeagus subacuminate.Description of immatures.—Eggs: Un-developed eggs whitish and translucentwith a smooth chorion, slightly flattenedventrally along egg body, and convexdorsally (Figs. 18, 19). Within four days,dark coloration of developing embryonoticed, giving egg a dark color(Fig. 19); length of egg body about0.17 mm and caudal stalk 0.08 mm. Inmature eggs, larva occupies almost entireegg body with head oriented to caudalstalk. Planidium (Fig. 20): Morphologyand setal pattern is typical of mostEucharitinae. Described by followingfeatures: length 0.10 mm; width0.03 mm; pleurostomal spine present;three pairs of placoid sensilla on crani-um, anterior pair connected to lateralmargin by single line of weakness, dorsalcranial spines absent; hatchet-shapedsclerite present; pleurostoma extendinglaterally as a distinct spine; ventraltransverse process of cranium fingerlikeand separated medially; tergopleural line(tp) separating pleural and dorsal tergitespresent on tergites TII–VIII; TI and TIIfused dorsally, with 1 pair of small setaeventrally and dorsally with one antero-lateral pair of setae and 1 medial pair ofplacoid sensilla; TIII with three pairs ofsetae; TIV with 1 setae lateral to tp; TVIwith one small pair of dorsolateral setaeProceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington went-109-01-06.3d 8/10/06 16:36:44 49 Cust # 05-093VOLUME 109, NUMBER 1 49and one pair of stout seta medial to tp;TVII with minute seta on ventral margin;TIX entire and with two long lateralprocesses ventrally, lateral process reach-ing beyond TXI; caudal cerci not quite aslong as TXI+XII and stiff.Type material.—Holotype female: Ar-gentina, SALTA: Termas de Rosario dela Frontera, 24/I/04, Coll. J. Torréns andP. Fidalgo. Deposited in MACN. Para-types: SALTA: Termas de Rosario de laFrontera, Hotel Termal, 25u509140S64u559550W, 899 m, 21/III/2003, P. Fi-dalgo, H03-10b, sclerophyll forest, UCRDNA voucher #1073 (1 U, 8 -, UCRCspecimen numbers 91466, 91828–91834,92210); same data, collector J. Heraty,UCR DNA voucher #1092 (2 U, UCRCspecimen 91820–91821); Termas de Ro-sario de la Frontera, 15/IV/2003, J.Torréns and P. Fidalgo (1 U, 3 -,FSCA); 10/XI/03, J. Torréns and P.Fidalgo (1 U, IFML); 07/I/2004, J.Torréns and P. Fidalgo (1 -, IFML);24/I/04, J. Torréns and P. Fidalgo (7 U, 4-, MACN); 10/II/04, J. Torréns and P.Fidalgo (3 U, 1 - UCRC); 07/III/2004,J. Torréns and P. Fidalgo (1 -, IFML);TUCUMÁN: Tapia, 14/I/1993, Cuezzoand Fidalgo (M.T.) (1 -, IFML).Distribution.—Argentina: Salta, Tu-cumán.BIOLOGYLocation and habitat.—Specimenswere collected in Los Baños, Rosario dela Frontera (Salta: Argentina), within500 m of the Hotel Termas. The hostplant, Serjania glabrata Kunth (Sapinda-ceae), grows in the understory of a forestof ‘‘cebil colorado,’’ Piptadenia macro-carpa Benth. (Leguminosae). The hostplant are small shrubs approximately60 cm high, dispersed between the treesin the collected place. Adults of L.rugosa, S. glabrata, and the potentialhost ants were collected in 2003 and2004. All of the adults of L. rugosa werecollected in the same location, mainlyclose to or on the host plant. Most adultswere collected January 24, 2004. The anthost is unknown, however nests ofOdontomachus chelifer (Latreille) (For-micidae: Ponerinae) were common nearthe host plant, S. glabrata. Odontoma-chus Latreille is a common host for theKapala clade (Heraty 2002).Life history.—In experimental trials,females were offered leaves of S. glab-rata, and oviposition observed witha magnifying glass. Leaves with eggswere subsequently put in a glass contain-er with dampened cotton. Females col-lected in January and February of 2004that were provided the host plant, de-posited their eggs on the underside of theleaves (Fig. 17). A single gravid femaleoviposited about 25 eggs per 1 mm2 onone leaf. Eggs hatched within 6 days;however, many of the remaining eggscontained mature, darkened planidiathat did not hatch.KEY TO SPECIES OF LAURELLA HERATY1. Semi-erect setae on head and mesosoma(Figs. 2, 4, 6, 8) . . . . . . . . . guriana Heraty– Appressed setae on head and mesosoma(Figs. 1, 3, 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 (1). Side lobe of mesoscutum smooth dor-sally. Scape reaching ventral margin ofmedian ocellus. Antenna yellow. Petiole infemale as long as hind coxa. Male un-known . . . . . . . . . . . . . vianai (Gemigniani)– Side lobe of mesoscutum carinate orrugose. Scape not reaching ventral marginof median ocellus. Antenna dark brown orbicolored. Petiole in female longer thanhind coxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 (2). Scutellum longitudinally carinate, cari-nae reaching to apex of scutellar spine;carina twisted along scutellar spine. Coxaeblack, rest of legs yellow. Antenna darkbrown (Fig. 10); male with branch of basalflagellomere 1.5–2.63 as long as scape;female funicle not serrate. Petiole in female2.03 as long as hind coxa . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bonariensis (Gemigniani)– Scutellum with irregular longitudinal cari-nae, spines becoming rugose apically(Fig. 3). Coxae and basal two-thirds offemora dark, distally yellow (Fig. 5). An-tenna with scape, pedicel and basal half ofProceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington went-109-01-06.3d 8/10/06 16:36:44 50 Cust # 05-09350 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTONbasal flagellomere light brown, rest offlagellum dark brown (Figs. 5, 15); malewith branch of basal flagellomere 3.5–4.43as long as scape; female funicle serrate(Fig. 13). Petiole in female 1.3–1.53 aslong as hind coxa . . . . . . . . . rugosa, n. sp.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis investigation was funded by Pro-ject PIP 702/8 of CONICET. We thankDr. Fabiana Cuezzo for identificationsof the ants, Lic. Alberto Slanis foridentifications of the plants, and Dr.Arturo Roig who very kindly loaned thespecimens in the Museo de CienciasNaturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia.’’LITERATURE CITEDBolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification ofFormicidae. Memoirs of the American Ento-mological Institute 71: 1–370.Clausen, C. P. 1940a. The oviposition habits of theEucharidae (Hymenoptera). Journal of theWashington Academy of Sciences 12: 504–516.———. 1940b. The immature stages of theEucharidae. Proceeding of the EntomologicalSociety of Washington 42: 161–170.Darling, D. C. 1988. Comparative morphology ofthe labrum in Hymenoptera: the digitatelabrum of Perilampidae and Eucharitidae(Chalcidoidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology66: 2811–2835.Eady, R. D. 1968. Some illustrations of micro-sculpture in the Hymenoptera. Proceedings ofthe Royal Entomological Society of London(A) 43: 66–72.Gemignani, E. V. 1947. Nuevas especies de laFamilia ‘‘Eucharidae’’ (Insecta, Hymenop.Chalcid.). Comunicaciones del Museo Argen-tino de Ciencias Naturales, Serie CienciasZoológicas 1: 1–15.Heraty, J. M. 2002. A Revision of the Genera ofEucharitidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) ofthe World. Memoirs of the American Ento-mological Institute 68: 1–359.Heraty, J. M. and D. C. Darling. 1984. Compar-ative morphology of the planidial larvae ofEucharitidae and Perilampidae (Hymenoptera:Chalcidoidea). Systematic Entomology 9:309–328.Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington went-109-01-06.3d 8/10/06 16:36:44 51 Cust # 05-093VOLUME 109, NUMBER 1 51

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Biology and description of a new species of Laurella Heraty (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) from Argentina

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