Andrew K Buldt

Christopher J Nester

George S Murley

Hylton B Menz

Karl B Landorf

Pazit Levinger

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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English

The association between measures of static foot posture and foot mobility and foot kinematics during barefoot walking

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ORAL PRESENTATION Open Access
The association between measures of static foot
posture and foot mobility and foot kinematics
during barefoot walking
Andrew K Buldt1,2*, George S Murley1,2, Pazit Levinger3, Hylton B Menz2, Christopher J Nester4, Karl B Landorf1,2
From Australasian Podiatry Conference 2015
Queensland, Australia. 6-8 May 2015
Background
Variations in foot posture are associated with common
lower limb injuries. However, there is uncertainty as to
which measure of foot posture is the most valid in
terms of predicting 3-dimensional kinematics of the
foot. The aim of this study was to investigate the asso-
ciation between measures of static foot posture or foot
mobility and kinematic variables of the foot during bare-
foot walking.
Methods
The foot posture and mobility of 97 healthy adults (46
males, 51 females; aged 24.4 ± 6.2 years) was assessed
using the 6-item Foot Posture Index (FPI), Arch index
(AI), normalised navicular height (NNHt) and normalised
dorsal arch height (DAH). Foot mobility was evaluated
using the Foot Mobility Magnitude (FMM) measure.
Co-variate measurements included height, weight, BMI,
foot length, truncated foot length, stride length, step
length, walking speed and range of motion of the ankle,
rearfoot and 1st metatarsophalangeal joint. A five-segment
foot model measured tri-planar motion of the rearfoot,
midfoot, medial forefoot, lateral forefoot and hallux. Peak
and range of motion variables during load acceptance and
midstance/propulsion phases of gait were extracted for all
segments. Hierarchical regression analyses were con-
ducted, accounting for potential confounding variables.
Results
The variance in peak kinematic and range of motion vari-
ables that was independently explained by foot posture
measures were as follows: FPI: 5% to 22%, NNHt 6% to
20%, AI: 7% to 13%, DAH 6% to 8%, FMM: 8%. Of all
measures of foot posture and mobility, FPI was retained
as a significant predictor variable across more regression
models, therefore explaining variance across the most
number of kinematic segments. However the amount of
variance explained by FPI did not exceed other measures.
Overall, static foot posture measures were more strongly
associated with kinematic variables than foot mobility
measures and. explained more variation in peak kine-
matic variables compared to range of motion variables.
Conclusions
Foot posture measures can explain a modest amount of
variation in foot kinematics. In the context of this study.
the FPI was the strongest predictor of dynamic foot
motion as measured by foot kinematics.
Authors’ details
1Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University,
Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia. 2Lower Extremity and Gait Studies Program,
La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia. 3Institute of Sport,
Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, 8001, Australia.
4School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, UK.
Published: 22 September 2015
doi:10.1186/1757-1146-8-S2-O4
Cite this article as: Buldt et al.: The association between measures of
static foot posture and foot mobility and foot kinematics during
barefoot walking. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2015 8(Suppl 2):O4.
* Correspondence: a.buldt@latrobe.edu.au
1Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University,
Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Buldt et al. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research 2015, 8(Suppl 2):O4
http://www.jfootankleres.com/content/8/S2/O4 JOURNAL OF FOOT
AND ANKLE RESEARCH
© 2015 Buldt et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/
zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


Buldt, AK

Murley, GS

Levinger, P

Menz, HB

Nester, CJ

Landorf, KB

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The association between measures of static foot posture and foot mobility and foot kinematics during barefoot walking

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