A survey of eggs parasitoids of the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) was conducted in Jalisco State, Mexico. Samples were collected during the summer of 2008 with sentinel eggs. Five taxa, Anagrus breviphragma Soyka and  Polynema sp. (Mymaridae), Paracentrobia nr subflava, Aphelinoidea sp., and Pseudoligosita sp. (Trichogrammatidae) were reared. This is the first reference to an egg parasitoid complex of the corn leafhopper in Mexico, and A. breviphragma is recorded for the first time occurring in Mexico.Fil: Virla, Eduardo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Luft Albarracin, Erica Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Moya Raygoza, Gustavo. Universidad de Guadalajara; Méxic

Luft Albarracin, Erica Beatriz

Moya Raygoza, Gustavo

Virla, Eduardo Gabriel

Florida Entomologist

English

CONICET Digital

 508 Florida Entomologist  92(3) September 2009 EGG PARASITOIDS OF  DALBULUS MAIDIS (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) IN JALISCO STATE, MEXICO E DUARDO  G. V IRLA 1 , E RICA  L UFT  A LBARRACIN 1  AND  G USTAVO  M OYA -R AYGOZA 21 PROIMI-Biotecnología, Div. Control Biológico, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001 MVB), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina 2 Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, km 15.5 carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Zapopan, C.P. 45110, Jalisco, MexicoE-mail: gmoya@cucba.udg.mx The corn leafhopper,  Dalbulus maidis  (Delong& Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is broadlydistributed throughout the American continent,from southeastern and southwestern USA to Ar-gentina. It is the most important leafhopper pestof maize,  Zea mays  L., in Latin America (Nault1990), and causes great losses to corn crops be-cause of its capacity to transmit efficiently cornstunt spiroplasma (CSS), maize bushy stunt phy-toplasma (MBSP), and maize rayado fino virus(MRFV) (Nault & Ammar 1989).Egg parasitoids are the most important natu-ral enemies of leafhoppers (Freytag 1985). Theknown egg parasitoids of  D. maidis  comprise 4taxa of Mymaridae, 4 of Trichogrammatidae, and1 Eulophidae (Table 1), but none of these areknown in Mexico, putative corn leafhopper origincenter (Nault 1990).In the laboratory, 6-10 females of  D. maidis ,which were 2 weeks old and obtained from Zapo-pan site, were placed in polyethylen-terephta-lathe (PET) cylindrical cages (35 cm high  ×  18 cmdiam.) on maize leaves in order to obtain senti-nel eggs. Potted maize plants (pot of ca. 10 dm 3 )in the vegetative stage (3 to 5 leaves) werechecked daily for eggs. Twice, on 17 Aug and 23Aug, 10 plants containing less than 24-h-old eggswere exposed in each site during 72-96 h. Pottedplants containing sentinel eggs were placed in-side the cornfield at no more than 3 m from theedge of the field. Sentinel eggs of  D. maidis  wereexposed to parasitization in 2 cornfields inJalisco State from Aug to Sep, 2008 at Zapopansite (20°44’40.2”N, 103°30’48.3”W, elevation1,662 m), and El Grullo site (19°47’50.4”N,104°12’43”W, elevation 869 m).After 8 to 10 d, the leaves containing exposedeggs were cut from the plant in the laboratory andtransferred to a petri dish with the bottom con-taining wet tissue paper and covered with clearplastic food wrapping to avoid desiccation, and tokeep wasps from escaping. Parasitized eggs werechecked daily to ensure leaf quality until theemergence of the adult wasps. The parasitizationrates were not measured due to rotting or desicca-tion of some leaves containing exposed eggs. T ABLE  1. S UMMARIZED   INFORMATION   ABOUT   THE   KNOWN   EGG   PARASITOIDS   OF   D ALBULUS   MAIDIS  (H EMIPTERA :C ICADELLIDAE ).Family Parasitoid species Country referenceMymaridae Anagrus breviphragma  Soyka Argentina, Brasil (Triapitsyn 1997; Oliveira & Spotti Lopez 2000; Virla, 2001) Anagrus flaveolus  Waterhouse Argentina, Perú (Marín 1987; Triapitsyn 1997) Anagrus nigriventris  Girault Argentina Luft Albarracin et al. (2006) Anagrus  sp.   Nicaragua Gladstone et al. (1994)Eulophidae Aprostocetus (O.) infulatus  De Santis Argentina Luft Albarracin & Triapitsyn (2007)Trichogrammatidae Oligosita  sp. Argentina, Brasil (Oliveira & Spotti Lopez 2000; Luft Albarracin et al. 2005) Paracentrobia  sp. Argentina, Nicaragua (Gladstone et al. 1994; Luft Albarracin et al. 2005) Paracentrobia subflava  (Girault) Argentina Virla (1999) Zagella  sp. Argentina Luft Albarracin et al. (2005) Scientific   Notes 509 From the approximately 1600 exposed eggs,923 wasps emerged. The specimens belonged to 5species: 2 Mymaridae ( Anagrus breviphragma Soyka and  Polynema  sp.), and 3 Trichogramma-tidae ( Paracentrobia  nr  subflava ,  Aphelinoidea sp., and  Pseudoligosita  sp.).  Anagrus brevi-phragma  and  P . nr  subflava  were the most abun-dant taxa in the Zapopan site and El Grullo site,respectively, (Table 2). Anagrus breviphragma  belongs to the  incarna-tus  species group, subgenus  Anagrus  s. str. It hasa very broad distribution that includes Japan,England, France, Italy, Germany, Austria,Greece, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Colombia, Brazil,and Argentina (Chiappini 1989; Triapitsyn 1997).The known hosts for  A. breviphragma  are  Ci-cadella viridis  (L.),  Dalbulus maidis  (Cicadel-lidae),  Conomelus anceps  (Germar),  Delphacodeskuscheli  Fennah,  Dicranotropis hamata  (Bohe-man),  Muellerianella fairmairei  (Perris),  Peregri-nus maidis  (Ashmead) (Delphacidae), and  Ortho-tylus virescens  (Douglas & Scott) (Miridae) (Tri-apitsyn 1997; Virla 2001).The species of  Paracentrobia  is very close to  P.subflava  (Girault), but it has dense discal cilationin the forewings, between the areas delimited bythe rows of the microtrichias, whereas in  P. sub-flava , these areas are mostly bare, as reported byGirault in the original description, and in voucherspecimens deposited in the entomological collec-tion of La Plata Museum, Buenos Aires, Argen-tina (MLPA). We cannot yet determine the speciesof  Polynema ,  Aphelinoidea , and  Pseudoligosita because of the lack of specific keys to these gen-era.Taking into account the importance of the cornleafhopper in Mexico and the lack of informationabout the egg parasitoid complex, we point outthe need for a proper evaluation of this parasitoidguild and its influence on this leafhopper pest.Slide-mounted and dried card-mountedvoucher specimens resulting from this study weredeposited in the collection of the Fundación e In-stituto Miguel Lillo at San Miguel de Tucumán,Argentina (IMLA). The research was carried out under the scien-tific and technological cooperation (nº 0710) be-tween Mexico (CONACYT) and Argentina (MIN-CyT). Erica Luft Albarracin is a CONICET fellow-ship holder.S UMMARY A survey of eggs parasitoids of the corn leaf-hopper,  Dalbulus maidis  (DeLong & Wolcott) wasconducted in Jalisco State, Mexico. Samples werecollected during the summer of 2008 with sentineleggs. Five taxa,  Anagrus breviphragma  Soykaand  Polynema  sp. (Mymaridae),  Paracentrobia  nr subflava ,  Aphelinoidea  sp., and  Pseudoligosita  sp.(Trichogrammatidae) were reared. This is thefirst reference to an egg parasitoid complex of thecorn leafhopper in Mexico, and  A. breviphragma is recorded for the first time occurring in Mexico.R EFERENCES  C ITED C HIAPPINI , E. 1989. Review of the European species ofthe  Anagrus  Haliday (Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea).Boll. Zool. Agr. e Bachic., II, 21: 85-119.F REYTAG , P. H. 1985. The insect parasites of leafhop-pers, and related groups, pp. 423-467  In  L. R. Naultand J. Rodriguez [eds.], The leafhoppers and Plan-thoppers. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 500 pp.G LADSTONE , S., D E  L A  L LANA , A., R IOS , R.,  AND  L OPEZ ,L. 1994. Egg parasitoids of the corn leafhopper  Dal-bulus maidis  (De Long & Wolcott) (Homoptera: Ci-cadellidae) in Nicaraguan maize. Proc. Entomol. Soc.Washington 96: 143-146.L UFT  A LBARRACIN , E., V IRLA  E.,  AND  T RIAPITSYN , S.2005. Diversidad e incidencia de los parasitoides oó-filos del vector del Achaparramiento (CSS),  Dalbulusmaidis  (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae), en Tucumán, Ar-gentina, VIII Congreso Nacional de Maíz, Rosario,Argentina. p. 258-261.L UFT  A LBARRACIN , E., V IRLA  E. G.,  AND  T RIAPITSYN , S.V. 2006. A new host record for the egg parasitoid Anagrus nigriventris  (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) ofthe corn leafhopper,  Dalbulus maidis  (Hemiptera:Cicadellidae). Florida Entomol. 89: 284-285.L UFT  A LBARRACIN , E., AND TRIAPITSYN, S. V. 2007.Aprostocetus (Ootetrastichus) infulatus (Hy-menoptera: Eulophidae): description of the male,new distribution and first host records. Zootaxa1438: 65-68. MARÍN, R.1987. Biología y comportamiento de Dalbulusmaidis (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Rev. Peruana En-tomol. 30: 113-117.TABLE 2. NUMBER OF SPECIMENS AND PERCENT OF TOTAL EGG PARASITOIDS OF DALBULUS MAIDIS, OBTAINED FROMSENTINEL EGGS DURING SUMMER 2008 IN 2 SITES OF JALISCO, MEXICO.Parasitoid speciesSiteEl GrulloSiteZapopanAnagrus breviphragma 40 (9.5%) 495 (98.2%)Polynema sp. 2 (0.5%) 0Paracentrobia nr subflava 360 (85.9%) 9 (1.8%) Aphelinoidea sp. 9 (2.2%) 0Pseudoligosita sp. 8 (1.9%) 0TOTAL 419 504510 Florida Entomologist 92(3) September 2009NAULT, L. R. 1990. Evolution of an insect pest: maizeand the corn leafhopper, a case study. Maydica 35:165-175.NAULT, L. R., AND AMMAR, D. 1989. Leafhopper andplanthopper transmission of plant viruses. Annu.Rev. Entomol. 34: 503-529.OLIVEIRA, C., AND SPOTTI LOPEZ, J. 2000. Parasitoidesde ovos da cigarrinha-do-milho, Dalbulus maidis(DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), emPiracicaba. Rev. Agric. 75: 263-270.TRIAPITSYN, S. V. 1997. The genus Anagrus (Hy-menoptera: Mymaridae) in America south of theUnited States: a review. CEIBA 38: 1-12.VIRLA, E. G. 1999. Aportes acerca de la bionomía deParacentrobia subflava (Hymenoptera: Trichogram-matidae), parasitoide de Hemipteros Cicadeloideosargentinos. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argentina 58: 17-22.VIRLA, E. G. 2001. Notes on the biology of Anagrusbreviphragma (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), naturalenemy of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and other plant diseasesvectors in South America. Bol. Sanidad Veg. “Plagas”27: 239-247.

Egg Paeasitoids of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Jalisco State, Mexico

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Egg Paeasitoids of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Jalisco State, Mexico

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