The big-headed fly Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) is recorded for the first time as an endoparasitoid of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) in Northern Argentina. A table of known Neotropical pipunculid-host associations is presented.Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) é registrada pela primeira vez como endoparasitóide da cigarrinha do milho Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) no norte da Argentina. Uma tabela das espécies neotropicais de pipunculídeos com hospedeiros conhecidos é apresentada.Fil: Virla, Eduardo Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Moya Raygoza, Gustavo. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Rafael, José A. Instituto de Pesquisa da Amazônia; Brasi

Moya Raygoza, Gustavo

Rafael, José A

Virla, Eduardo Gabriel

Neotropical Entomology

English

The big-headed fly Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) is recorded for the first time as an endoparasitoid of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) in Northern Argentina. A table of known Neotropical pipunculid-host associations is presented

Moya-Raygoza, Gustavo

Rafael, José Albertino

Repositório do INPA

January - February 2009152SCIENTIFIC NOTEFirst Record of Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) (Diptera: Pipunculidae) as a Parasitoid of the Corn Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Argentina, with a Table of Pipunculid-Host Associations in the Neotropical RegionEDUARDO G VIRLA1, GUSTAVO MOYA-RAYGOZA2, JOSÉ A RAFAEL31PROIMI-Biotecnología, Div. Control Biológico, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001 MVB), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; evirla@hotmail.com; 2Depto. de Botánica y Zoología, C.U.C.B.A., Univ. de Guadalajara, km 15.5 carretera Guadalajara-Nogales, Ap. postal 139, C. postal 45110, Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; gmoya@cucba.udg.mx; 3 INPA, Instituto de Pesquisa da Amazônia - INPA, C. postal 478, 69011-970, Manaus, SAM, Brazil;  jarafael@inpa.gov.brEdited by Fernando Luis Cônsoli – ESALQ/USPNeotropical Entomology 38(1):152-154 (2009)Primeiro Registro de Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) (Diptera: Pipunculidae) como Parasitóide da Cigarrinha do Milho (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) na Argentina, e uma Tabela dos Hospedeiros de Pipunculídeos na    Região NeotropicalRESUMO - Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) é registrada pela primeira vez como endoparasitóide da cigarrinha do milho Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) no norte da Argentina. Uma tabela das espécies neotropicais de pipunculídeos com hospedeiros conhecidos é apresentada.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Inimigo natural, vetor, Dalbulus maidisABSTRACT - The big-headed fl y Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) is recorded for the fi rst time as an endoparasitoid of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) in Northern Argentina. A table of known Neotropical pipunculid-host associations is presented.KEY WORDS: Natural enemy, disease vector, Dalbulus maidisThe corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) is the most common leafhopper pest on maize in the tropics (Nault 1990). D. maidis is important because effi ciently vectors three plant pathogens; the corn stunt spiroplasma, Spiroplasma kunkelii, the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma and the maize rayado fi no virus (Nault 1980, Oliveira et al 1998, Virla et al 2004). Eggs of the corn leafhopper are parasitized by wasps (Trichogrammatidae and Mimaridae) (Gladstone et al 1994, Luft Albarracin et al 2006), whereas nymphs and adults are parasitized by strepsipterans (Halictophagidae), wasps (Dryinidae) and fl ies (Pipunculidae) (Vega et al 1991, Kathirithamby & Moya-Raygoza 2000, Virla & Olmi 2007). Most of the corn leafhopper parasitoids have been collected in Mesoamerica and little is known about their natural enemies in South America. The Pipunculidae (big-headed flies) have always been considered exclusively as endoparasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera), including Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Cercopidae, Cixiidae, Flatidae, Fulgoridae and Membracidae. They attack host nymphs and adults in all groups except Cercopidae, in which they attack only the adults (Waloff & Jervis 1987). This specialized behavior has been consistently recorded for species throughout the subfamilies Chalarinae and Pipunculinae (Skevington 2005). However a recent discovery by Koenig & Young (2007) showed that Nephrocerus Zetterstedt (Nephrocerinae) was reared from large adults of crane fl ies (Tipulidae). An overview of pipunculid-host associations was published by Skevington & Marshall (1997), but very little information is available concerning the hosts of tropical species. In northern Argentina nymphs and adults were sampled by sweeping with a standard entomological net. Samples were collected from December 2005 to February 2007 on corn fi elds from the sites “El Manantial” (26°49’50.2’’S, 65°16’59.4’’W, elevation 495 m), San Miguel de Tucumán (26º48’35.7”S, 65º16’25.3”O, 470 m) and Los Nogales (26º42’27.5”S, 65º13’3.9”O, 585 m), all in Tucumán Province. The above method allowed sampling  individuals of the corn leafhopper parasitized by Pipunculidae larva, as evidenced by the voluminous abdomen. These specimens were isolated in glass tubes (10 x 2 cm), with a piece of January - February 2009 Neotropical Entomology 38(1) 153fresh corn leaf, which was daily replaced, and tapped with a water-wetted cotton pad. Emerged adults were identifi ed as Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon). Therefore, we  report for the first time the pipunculid E. schreiteri attacking D. maidis in Argentina. Data on host range (Table 1) are available for six species of Pipunculidae that occurs in the tropics. The species changed the genus several times as below.Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon)Pipunculus schreiteri Shannon 1927: 37.Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) in Aczél (1948): 25.Pipunculus (Eudorylas) schreiteri (Shannon) in Hardy (1963a): 223.Metadorylas schreiteri (Shannon) in Rafael (1987): 37.Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) in Skevington & Yeates (2001): 439.Eudorylas schreiteri was described from Raco (Tucumán province, Argentina), but it is known to Argentina (Entre Rios, Salta, Tucumán, and Santiago del Estero provinces) and Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná states) (Rafael 1990). Until this contribution, the hosts for this species were unknown. Material examined. S.M. de (Tucumán), xii/2005, Virla leg. One ♂; El Manantial (Tucumán), 13/xii/2006, Virla leg., one ♂ one ♀; El Manantial (Tucumán), 2-5/i/2007, Virla leg., one ♂; Los Nogales (Tucumán), 15/i/2007, Virla leg., two ♂♂ two ♀♀; Los Nogales (Tucumán), 10/ii/2007, Virla leg. one ♂ one ♀. Dried voucher specimens of E. schreiteri resulting from this study were deposited in the collection of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) at Manaus, Brazil and Fundación e Instituto Miguel Lillo (IMLA) at San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. It is for the fi rst time that the corn leafhopper pest Dalbulus maidis is recorded here as a natural host for E. schreiteri, and the third pipunculid parasitizing it. E. subopacus (Loew) and E. spinosus (Hardy) were previously recorded attacking the corn leafhopper in central Mexico (Vega et al1991, Moya-Raygoza et al 2004, Moya-Raygoza 2007). Taking into account the importance of the diseases the corn leafhopper vectors in the Americas, we point out to the need for a proper evaluation of E. schreiteri as a potential biocontrol agent against this leafhopper pest, as the highest parasitism of Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) by E. subopacus was 57% in central Mexico, whereas on D. maidis was 20% (Moya-Raygoza 2007).1E. absonditus was described from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and it is known only from the female holotype (Rafael 1990) and the record should be considered a misidentifi cation.Table 1 Neotropical pipunculids and their associated hosts.Pipunculid parasitoid Distribution Auchennorhyncha host Country recorded References and notes Cephalops penepauculus (Hardy) Argentina Delphacidae: Toya propinqua (Fieber) Dicranotropis fuscoterminata Berg Argentina Virla & Rafael (1996) Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) South-eastern,South of Brazil and North of Argentina Cicadellidae:  Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) Argentina New record Eudorylas spinosus (Hardy) Mexico to Argentina  D. maidis   Mexico Moya-Raygoza et al(2004) Eudorylas. subopacus (Loew)   Canada to Peru Cicadellidae: Cicadulina pastusae Ruppel & DeLong Scaphytopius acutus (Say) D. maidis   Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) Colombia, EcuadorUSA Mexico Mexico Hardy (1963b) treated the species as E. absonditus (Hardy)1  Hardy (1964)  Vega et al (1991) as Eudorylas sp. probably absonditus (Hardy) *  Moya-Raygoza et al(2007) Tomosvaryella appendipes (Cresson) USA and Mexico Cicadellidae: Scaphytopius nitridus (DeLong) USA Pierce 1972 Tomosvaryella subvirescens (Loew) Cosmopolitan Cicadellidae: Circulifer tenellus Baker Canada, USA Thompson (1951) in Skevington & Marshall (1997)  154     Virla et al - First Record of Eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) (Diptera: Pipunculidae), a Parasitoid of the Corn...ReferencesAczél M (1948) Grundlagen einer Monographie der Dorialiden (Diptera). 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First record of eudorylas schreiteri (Shannon) (Diptera: Pipunculidae) as a Parasitoid of the Corn Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Argentina, with a table of pipunculid-host associations in the neotropical region

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