Water contamination proves to be one of the most concerning human effects on the environment. Industry, urbanization and agriculture often introduce various pollutants including heavy metals, bacteria, agrochemicals, and drugs. These pollutants could have direct effects on human health, causing a wide variety of afflictions ranging from diarrhea to cancer.Fil: Avigliano, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Pque. Centenario. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones En Producción Animal. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Unidad Ejecutora de Investigaciones En Producción Animal; Argentin

Avigliano, Esteban

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Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 31(2)(2015) pp 332-333www.icontrolpollution.comEditorial*Corresponding authors email: estebanavigliano@conicet.gov.arWATER POLLUTION IN ATLANTIC RAINFOREST (SOUTH AMERICA)ESTEBAN AVIGLIANO1,2*1Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1427CWO, Argentina(Received 10 August, 2015; accepted 21 September, 2015)INTRODUCTIONWater contamination proves to be one of the most concerning human effects on the environment. Industry, urbanization and agriculture often introduce various pollutants including heavy metals, bacteria, agrochemicals, and drugs (WHO, 2011; Hou, 2013; Udeigwe et al., 2015). These pollutants could have direct effects on human health, causing a wide variety of afflictions ranging from diarrhea to cancer. In South America, Industry and urbanization has advanced dramatically in the last few decades, having drastic effects over native forests such as the Atlantic Forest. The Atlantic Forest was one of the largest rainforests of the Americas, originally covering around 150 million ha, with great diverse environmental conditions. Its latitude ranges from approximately 5° to 29°, including both tropical and subtropical regions. The variation in forest composition found in this wide longitudinal range, caused by a decreasing rainfall regime further from the coast (Ribeiro et al., 2009), is highly important to this diverse environment. Currently, most of the remaining Atlantic Forest remains in small fragments (<100 ha) that are isolated from each other (Ranta et al., 1998; Ribeiro et al., 2009). New industrial and urban centers and agriculture and livestock have led to deforestation. Contamination of surface water with fecal-derived pathogens poses a significant threat to human health and represents an important barrier for the utilization of untreated river water for drinking or other domestic purposes. Recently, some pollutants related to antrophic activities like heavy metals and trace elements as Ag, Al, As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, U and Zn (Farias et al., 2007; Freire et al., 2012; Kuhlmann et al., 2014; Avigliano et al., 2015), nutrients, (Kuhlmann et al., 2014), fecal coliform (Casatti et al., 2006; Kuhlmann et al., 2014; Avigliano et al., 2015), and agrochemical such as glyphosate (Armas et al., 2007; Freire et al., 2012; Avigliano et al., 2015), have been found in basins of the Atlantic Forest. The determination of contaminants in water has many challenges on which to move forward.  I can mention the lack of studies about the presence of trace elements in the native species of the region of commercial importance; variability of methodologies applied in the determination of heavy metals which difficult to compare results and follow the medium and long - term problems and limited works on biotransference of elements from the water and the preys to the fishes, among others. These limitations generate weaknesses at the level of basic scientific and technological knowledge on the resources of the region since they generate socioeconomic problems as these water and fish’s species are consumed in both internal and external markets. The increased work in this line of research will allow generate guidelines that promote this line and allow developing local capacities to train human resources, institutional strengthening of research and development centers, interdisciplinary work between academic - managers. In this way the human security of water and local products was ensured.REFERENCESArmas ED, Monteiro RTR, Antunes PM, Santos MA, Camargo, PB, Abakerli RB. 2007. Diagnóstico espaço temporal da ocorrência de herbicidas nas águas superficiais e sedimentos do rio Corumbataí e principais afluentes. Quím Nova. 30 : 1119-1127.Avigliano E, Schenone NF. 2015. Human health risk assessment and environmental distribution of trace elements, glyphosate, fecal coliform and total coliform in Atlantic Rainforest mountain rivers (South America). Microchem J. 122 : 149-158.Casatti L, Langeani F, Silva AM, Castro RMC. 2006. Stream 333 ESTEBAN AVIGLIANOfish, water and habitat quality in a pasture dominated basin, southeastern Brazil. Braz J Biol. 66 : 681-696. Farias MSS, Neto JD, Lima VLA, Lira VM, Franco ES. 2007. Riscos sociais e ambientais devido a presença de metais pesados nas águas superficiais no distrito industrial de Mangabeira. Qualis. 6: 11-10.Freire R, Schneider RM, Hernandes de Freitas F, Bonifácio CM, Granhen Tavares CR. 2012. Monitoring of toxic chemical in the basin of Maringá stream. Acta Sci Technol. 34 : 295-302.Hou D, He J, Lü C, Ren L, Fan Q, Wang J, Xie Z. 2013. Distribution characteristics and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd) in water and sediments from Lake Dalinouer, China. Ecotox Environ Safe. 93 : 135-144.Kuhlmann ML, Imbimbo HRV, Ogura LL, Villani JP, Starzynski R, M Robim M. 2014. Effects of human activities on rivers located in protected areas of the Atlantic Forest. Acta Limnol Bras. 60-72.Ranta P, Blom T, Niemelä J, Joensuu E, Siitonen M. 1998. The fragmented Atlantic rain forest of Brazil: size, shape and distribution of forest fragments. Biodivers Conser. 7 : 385-403.Ribeiro MC, Metzger JP, Martensen AC, Ponzoni FJ, Hirota MM. 2009. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biol Cons. 142 : 1141-1153.Udeigwe TK, Teboh JM, Eze PN, Stietiya MH, Kumar V, Hendrix J, Mascagni HJ, Ying T, Kandakji T. 2015. Implications of leading crop production practices on environmental quality and human health. J Environ Manage. 151 : 267-279WHO. World Health Organisation. Nickel in Drinking-water. Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality; 2005.

Water pollution in atlantic rainforest (south america)

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Water pollution in atlantic rainforest (south america)

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