Specimens of the eulophid Aceratoneuromyia indica (Silvestri) were recovered from fruit fly pupae collected in three Argentinian biogeographical regions. A total of 11 A. indica specimens was obtained from pupae of the tephritid Anastrepha  fraterculus (Wiedemann) in Las Yungas and Paranaense subtropical rain forest regions, and 10 A. indica specimens were recovered from pupae of the tephritid Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) in Chacoan subtropical dry forest region.Thus, A. indica was recovered approximately 38 years after its first release in Argentina.Fil: Ovruski Alderete, Sergio Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Schliserman, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: De Coll, Olga R.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Peñaloza, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Oroño, Luis Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Colina, Carolina del Valle. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; Argentin

Colina, Carolina del Valle

De Coll, Olga R.

Oroño, Luis Eduardo

Ovruski Alderete, Sergio Marcelo

Peñaloza, Claudia

Schliserman, Pablo

Florida Entomologist

English

LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas

 270 Florida Entomologist  89(2) June 2006 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF  ACERATONEUROMYIA INDICA (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) IN THREE BIOGEOGRAPHICALREGIONS OF ARGENTINA S ERGIO  M. O VRUSKI 1 , P ABLO  S CHLISERMAN 1 , O LGA  R. D E  C OLL 2 , C LAUDIA  P EÑALOZA 3 ,L UIS  E. O ROÑO 1   AND  C AROLINA  C OLIN 1   1 PROIMI- Biotecnología , División Control Biológico de Plagas, Av. Belgrano y Pje. CaserosT4001MVB San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina 2 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria MontecarloAv. El Libertador 2472, (3384) Montecarlo, Misiones, Argentina 3 Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Cátedra de Manejo Integrado de PlagasAv. Valparaíso s/n, (5000) Córdoba capital, Córdoba, Argentina Aceratoneuromyia indica  (Silvestri) is a gre-garious eulophid parasitoid of tephritid larvaethat was originally collected in India (Clausen1978). Its natural range includes the Indo-Pacificregion, but it has been introduced into Italy,South Africa, Australia, Mexico, Caribbean is-lands, and Central and South America as a bio-logical control agent of various fruit fly species ofeconomic importance (Graham 1991; LaSalle1994).  Aceratoneuromyia indica  and the opiine Diachasmimorpha longicaudata  (Ashmead) arethe most widely employed exotic parasitoids forinundative releases against  Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Mediterranean fruit fly, and Anastrepha  species in the New World (Ovruski etal. 2000).  Aceratoneuromyia indica  was importedinto Argentina from Mexico in 1961 and 800,000were released between 1966 and 1977 in thenorthwestern provinces of Tucumán and Jujuy, inthe northeastern provinces of Misiones and EntreRios, and in the central province of Córdoba forcontrol of both  Anastrepha fraterculus  (Wiede-mann), the South American fruit fly, and  C. capi-tata  (Turica et al. 1971; Ovruski & Fidalgo 1994).This exotic parasitoid species was recovered im-mediately following releases in the followingsites: Montecarlo (26°33’ S, 54°47’ W, 200 m) (Mi-siones province in northeastern Argentina), SanMiguel de Tucumán (26°50’ S, 65°13’ W, 426 m),Quebrada de Lules (26°56’ S, 65°21’ W, 545 m), ElSiambón (26°43’ S, 65°27’ W, 1,185 m) (Tucumánprovince), Calilegua (23°47’ S, 64°46’ W, 465 m)(Jujuy province in northwestern Argentina), Cruzdel Eje (30°44’ S, 64°49’ W, 476 m), and Yacanto(32°03’ S, 65°02’ W, 1,208 m) (Córdoba province inCentral Argentina) (Ovruski et al. 1999). A newintroduction of  A. indica  into Argentina was madein 1986. Initial shipments originated in Hawaii,via Costa Rica. Although a laboratory colony wasestablished in Tucumán’s Research Center forRegulation of Noxious Organisms (CIRPON), nospecimen was field-released (Ovruski et al. 1999).Even though Turica (1968), Nasca (1973), andFischetti et al. (1978) considered it established,there was no evidence of permanent establish-ment in any release locality prior to our data pre-sented here.Studies on the fruit fly parasitoids of Argen-tina have been largely neglected. The first majorworks concentrating on the different biogeo-graphical regions of Argentina were those of Tu-rica (Turica & Mallo 1961; Turica 1968). Recently,intensive fruit fly parasitoid surveys focused inten localities of Tucumán province, including SanMiguel de Tucumán, Quebrada de Lules, and ElSiambón (Ovruski et al. 2004), and in four locali-ties of the northwestern province of Salta(Ovruski et al. 2005) only revealed the existenceof a native larval-pupal parasitoid guild. How-ever, recent parasitoid surveys made in the prov-inces of Jujuy, Córdoba, and Misiones recordedthe presence of  A. indica . Between January and February 1998, and dur-ing February 2001, 382 (= 12 kg) and 314 (= 10.3kg) peaches ( Prunus persica  (L.) Batsch, Ro-saceae) were collected in an untreated semicom-mercial peach orchard administred by the Na-tional University of Córdoba located at 31°48’ S,64°22’ W and 425 m in Córdoba city (Córdobaprovince); during February 1999, 408 (= 16.9 kg),223 (= 14.4 kg), and 387 (= 17.2 kg) guavas ( Psid-ium guajava  L., Myrtaceae) were collected inpatches of disturbed wild vegetation adjacent tocitrus orchards throughout the localities of Yuto(23°38’ S, 64°28’ W, 349 m), Caimancito (23°44’ S,64°36’ W, 367 m), and Calilegua (Jujuy province),respectively; during February 2000, 400 (= 16.7kg) guavas were collected in areas covered withwild vegetation in the locality of Montecarlo (Mi-siones province). The fruit samples consisted offallen ripe fruit (60-70%) and ripe fruit still on thetree (30-40%). Peach samples collected in Cór-doba city were processed in the Integrated PestManagement Department of the National Uni-versity of Córdoba. Guavas samples collected inMisiones were processed in the Montecarlo’s Na-tional Institute of Agricultural Technology Labo-ratory. Guava samples collected in Jujuy were Scientific   Notes 271 transported to the CIRPON’s laboratory locatedin San Miguel de Tucumán. All fruit sampleswere placed in plastic containers with sand in thebottom as a pupation substrate. All pupae wereremoved weekly and the  A. fraterculus  and  C.capitata  pupae were separated by external pupalcharacters (White & Elson-Harris 1992). The pu-pae were placed in plastic vials containing steril-ized humid sand until either a fruit fly or a para-sitoid emerged. Fruit fly species were identifiedby S. Ovruski based upon Zucchi’s (2000) taxo-nomic key. Parasitoid specimens were identifiedas species by S. Ovruski with the key from Whar-ton and Marsh (1978) for Braconidae, Graham’s(1991) key for Eulophidae, Boucek y Rasplus’(1991) key for Pteromalidae, and the taxonomicdescription by Wharton et al. (1998) for Figitidae,Eucoilinae. Voucher specimens were placed in theentomological collection of the Fundación MiguelLillo (FML) (San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina).A total of 231 fruit fly parasitoids was foundrepresenting one cosmopolitan species ( Pachycre-poideus vindemiae  (Rondani), Pteromalidae), fiveNeotropical species ( Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti),  D. brasiliensis  (Szépligeti),  Utetesanastrephae  (Viereck),  Opius bellus  Gahan (allBraconidae, Opiinae), and  Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes) (Figitidae, Eucoilinae)), and one exoticspecies ( A. indica , Eulophidae). Table 1 summa-rizes parasitoid and fruit fly species abundancebased on fruit samples collected in the differentArgentinian localities.The pupal parasitoid  P. vindemiae  was only ob-tained from  C. capitata . This pteromalid specieswas introduced into Argentina for biocontrol of C. capitata  and  A. fraterculus  and released in Cór-doba province in the 1960s. However, it had beenrecorded about 30 years before under different sci-entific names (Ovruski & Fidalgo 1994). All nativeparasitoid species recovered in this study wereonly found attacking  A. fraterculus  larvae. Thesefive Neotropical species have previously been re-corded from  A. fraterculus  in both Las Yungas(Ovruski et al. 2004) and Paranaense biogeograph-ical regions (Ogloblin 1937, Turica & Mallo 1961).They are solitary, koinobiont endoparasitoids oflarvae of the genus  Anastrepha  (Sivinski et al.2000; Ovruski et al. 2000). Of all the native parasi-toids recovered in Jujuy and Misiones provinces,almost 42% and 26% were  D. areolatus  and  A. pel-leranoi , respectively (Table 1). A similar pattern ofabundance was reported previously by Ovruski etal (2004) from collecting exotic and native fruit in-fested with  C. capitata  and/or  A. fraterculus  larvaein the northwestern province of Tucumán. Aceratoneuromyia indica  was recovered from C. capitata  pupae that were obtained frompeaches collected in Córdoba city and from A. fraterculus  pupae obtained from guavas col-lected in Yuto, Calilegua, and Montecarlo locali-ties. Thus,  A. indica  was recovered approximately T ABLE  1.N UMBER   AND   RELATIVE   ABUNDANCE   OF   PARASITOID   SPECIES   REARED   FROM   A NASTREPHA   FRATERCULUS   AND   C ERATITIS   CAPITATA   PUPAE   IN   TWO   HOST   PLANT   SPE-CIES   IN  A RGENTINA , 1998-2001.FruitCollection localities(province)Month andyear collectedNo.samplesRecovered fruit fly speciesParasitoid species 1 , No. specimensand relative abundance (%) A. fraterculusC. capitata No. pupaeNo. adultsNo. pupaeNo. adultsA.i.A.p.D.a.D.b.O.b.P.v.U.a.PeachCórdoba city (Córdoba)Jan-Feb 19986——1,2851,0554 (66.7)————2 (33.3)—Feb 20013— 456 3757 (63.6)2 (18.2)———2 (18.2)—GuavaYuto (Jujuy)Feb 1999380638098514 (8.9)11 (24.4)20 (44.4)8 (17.8)——2 (4.5)Caimancito (Jujuy)Feb 1999275432913671—2 (8.3)14 (58.3)7 (29.2)——1 (4.2)Calilegua (Jujuy)Feb 1999373439373442 (2.4)22 (26.5)38 (45.8)19 (22.9)——2 (2.4)Montecarlo (Misiones)Feb 200041,100529——4 (6.5)24 (38.7)26 (41.9)6 (9.7)1 (1.6)—1 (1.6)Total3,3941,6312,0481,59621 (9.2)61 (26.4)98 (42.4)40 (17.3)1 (0.4)4 (1.7)6 (2.6) 1 A.i.,  Aceratoneuromyia indica ; A.p.,  Aganaspis pelleranoi ; D.a.,  Doryctobracon areolatus ; D.b.,  D. brasiliensis , O.b.,  Opius bellus ; P.v.,  Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae ; U.a.,  Utetes anastrephae . 272 Florida Entomologist  89(2) June 2006 38 years after its first release in both Calileguaand Montecarlo sites. Similarly, in Montecarlothe permanent establishment of  D. longicaudata was recently confirmed 40 years after its first re-lease in Argentina (Schliserman et al. 2003). Thepresence of  A. indica  in the Yuto locality could beexplained because this collection site is aboutonly 36 km north of Calilegua, so that  A. indica could spread north of the Jujuy province. Theclosest  A. indica  release sites to Córdoba city wereCruz del Eje, which is about 140 km north, andYacanto, which is about 160 km south. These arethe only documented release sites of this exoticparasitoid in Córdoba province. Three possibleexplanations for the presence of  A. indica  in cen-tral Córdoba can be drawn: (1) fruit infested with C. capitata  or  A. fraterculus  larvae parasitized by A. indica  could have been moved from north orsouth Córdoba to central Córdoba; (2)  A. indica became established in north and/or south Cór-doba and has spread to central Córdoba; (3)  A. in-dica  could have been released in central Córdobawithout official knoweledge. If its presence in cen-tral Córdoba was the result of first releases, itwould appear that  A. indica  has resided in theCórdoba province over 38 years. Thus,  A. indica has become established in at least three differentArgentinian biogeographical regions: Las Yungasregion (including Jujuy province), Paranaense(including Misiones province), and Chacoan re-gion (Córdoba province). The original native veg-etation in the two former regions is a subtropicalrain forest, while the Chacoan region is a subtrop-ical dry forest. The climate in Las Yungas regionis temperate-humid with a cold and dry winter. Inthe Paranaense region the climate is temperate-humid with a warm and rainy winter. The Cha-coan region is dry-steppe with a cold and dry win-ter. For a thorough description of the Argentinianbiogeographical regions, see Cabrera (1976) andCabrera & Willink (1980).We acknowledge financial support from Con-sejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas yTécnicas de la República Argentina (CONICET)(grants PIP n° 0702/98, n° 02567/01, and n° 5129/05) and Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropec-uaria (INTA)—Estación Experimental Agropec-uaria Montecarlo, Misiones, Argentina.S UMMARY Specimens of the eulophid  Aceratoneuromyiaindica  (Silvestri) were recovered from fruit fly pu-pae collected in three Argentinian biogeographi-cal regions. 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The establishment of Aceratoneuromyia indica (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in three biogeographical regions of Argentina

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The establishment of Aceratoneuromyia indica (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in three biogeographical regions of Argentina

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