Xenodon is a South American snake genus with 11 species distributed from Guyanas, Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. Xenodon pulcher is known from Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay, associated to Chaco ecoregion. After a revision of material located in the Coleção Zoológica de Referência da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (ZUFMS) we found specimens of Xenodon sp. from Porto Murtinho municipality bordering Paraguay, a small area in Brazil harboring chaco vegetation. Ventral, subcaudales, pre-oculars scales and complete triads in the body and tail of 23 specimens of X. pulcher from Paraguay, 32 of X. mattogrossensis from Brazilian pantanal and four specimens of Xenodon sp. collected in Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. There is a high variation and overlap between the characters of X. pulcher and X. mattogrossensis; however X. mattogrossensis differs from X. pulcher and X. semicinctus in the presence of lateral white spots on the black rings, and the specimens from Porto Murtinho do not have these spots. This is the first record of the species in Brazil.Fil: Cabral, Hugo. Asociación Guyra; Paraguay. Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay; ParaguayFil: Piatti, Liliana. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: de Souza, Franco Leandro. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Do Sul; BrasilFil: Scrocchi Manfrini, Gustavo Jose. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Zoología. Instituto de Herpetología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferreira, Vánda Lucía. Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Do Sul; Brasi

Cabral, Hugo

de Souza, Franco Leandro

Ferreira, Vánda Lucía

Piatti, Liliana

Scrocchi Manfrini, Gustavo Jose

CONICET Digital

The snake genus Xenodon Boie, 1827 is placed in Xenodontini (Zaher et al., 2009) and currently is comprised of 11 species distributed in the Guyanas, Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina (Peters and Orejas-Miranda, 1970; Cei, 1993; Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993; Giraudo and Scrocchi, 2002; Giraudo, 2002; Carreira et al., 2005; Nenda and Cacivio, 2007; Cacciali, 2009). Among them are species formerly placed in Lystrophis Cope, 1885 and Waglerophis Romano & Hoge, 1973, recently synonymized with Xenodon because of their close phylogenetic relationships (Zaher et al., 2009). Xenodon pulcher (Jan, 1863) is distributed from eastern Bolivia to western Paraguay and northern Argentina, and is associated with the Chaco ecoregion (Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993; Leynaud and Bucher, 1999; Cacciali, 2009; Wallach et al., 2014). Xenodon mattogrossensis (Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993) occurs mainly in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, and is associated with the floodplain of the Pantanal (Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993; Giraudo, 1997; Strüssmann et al., 2011). We analyzed specimens housed in the Museo de Historia Natural del Paraguay (MNHNP) and in the Colección Zoológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (CZCEN), both in San Lorenzo, Paraguay and in the Coleção Zoológica de Referência da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (ZUFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil. We analyzed morphological attributes (counts of ventrals, subcaudals, preocular scales and complete triads on the body and tail) to determinate the correct identity of specimens from Porto Murtinho. Damaged specimens were excluded from analysis. Counts of ventrals follow Dowling (1951), and paired cephalic scales are presented in left/ right order. Every record was georeferenced, digitalized and plotted on a map using ArcGis 10. For ecoregions we follow Dinerstein et al. (1995).During a revision of material in the Coleção Zoológica de Referência da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (ZUFMS) we found specimens identified as X. mattogrossensis, collected in the municipality of Porto Murtinho, with characteristics that are not usually found in this species. Xenodon mattogrossensis has 21 scales at midbody, dorsal coloration with red, black, white, black rings in 9-15 pairs, 122-141 ventral scales, the black rings with white spots, X. pulcher has also 21 scales at midbody, with red, black, white, black rings, 8 to 12 pairs of black bands on the body and 151-168 ventrals, without white spots on the black rings (Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993). Porto Murtinho is located in southwestern Mato Grosso do Sul state, and includes a portion of Chaco ecoregion in its limits (Souza et al., 2010). After a review of the material, we present here the first record of X. pulcher for Brazil, and update the records of X. mattogrossensis and X. pulcher.After examination of “59” specimens of Xenodon 23 were assigned to Xenodon pulcher, 32 to X. mattogrossensis and four to Xenodon pulcher. There Herpetology Notes, volume 8: 361-364 (2015) (published online on 30 June 2015)Xenodon pulcher (Jan, 1863) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) first record for Brazil and a distribution extensionHugo Cabral1,2,*, Liliana Piatti3, Franco Leandro de Souza4, Gustavo Scrocchi5 and Vanda Lúcia Ferreira41 Asociación Guyra Paraguay, Gaetano Martino 215, Asunción, Paraguay.2 Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay. Del Escudo 1607, Asunción, Paraguay 3 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.4 Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, Cidade Universitaria, CEP 79070-900, Brasil.5 Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.* Corresponding author e-mail: huguitocabral@gmail.comHugo Cabral et al.362is high variation in our data and considerable overlap between the meristic characters of X. pulcher and X. mattogrossensis; however X. mattogrossensis differs from X. pulcher and X. semicinctus in the presence of lateral white spots on the black rings (Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993), and the specimens from Porto Murtinho do not have these (Fig. 1). Xenodon pulcher has a preference for arid environments, and X. mattogrossensis for more humid habitats (Scrocchi and Cruz, 1993; Leynaud and Bucher, 1999). With those results, we confirm the record of X. pulcher for Brazil previously cited as X. mattogrossensis (Souza et al., 2010). The place Figure 1. Comparison of Xenodon mattogrossensis and X. pulcher. Arrows point to white spots in the lateral side of black rings in X. mattogrossensis that are absent in X. pulcher. a) X. mattogrossensis, Fazenda Nhumirim, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul (Photo by Marcio Martins); b) X. pulcher, Fazenda Patolá, Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul (Photo by Franco Leandro de Souza); c) specimen of X. mattogrossensis (ZUFMS-REP 1516); d) specimen of X. pulcher (ZUFMS-REP 1003-CH290).1Table 1. Variation in ventrals and subcaudals, and numbers of triads on the body and tail of Xenodon pulcher and X. mattogrossensis.Species Ventrals Subcaudals Body triads Tail triads Xenodon pulcher (n=27) 143-169 25-40 8-13 1-2 Xenodon mattogrossensis (n=32) 129-147 21-36 9-17 0-4 Table 1. Variation in ventrals and subcaudals, and numbers of triads on the body and tail of Xenodon pulcher and X. mattogrossensis.where the specimen was collected is part of the Chaco region of Brazil and is an environment with a mix of dry thorn shrublands and temporary water ponds. The Porto Murtinho record extends the previously known distribution of Xenodon pulcher 160 km east of the nearest locality in Paraguay in department Alto Paraguay (Colonia Potrerito, MNHNP 5206) (Fig. 2).Scrocchi and Cruz (1993) revalidated Xenodon pulcher based on  only one specimen from Paraguay (Departamento San Pedro, Carumbé). With this work we provided more data on the pholidosis and variation in X. pulcher as well as in X. mattogrossensis (Table 1). For X. pulcher, we extend the range of the number of black bands on the body to 13 pairs; and the range of ventrals and subcaudals to 169 and 40, respectively. In X. mattogrossensis, we extend the range of the number of ventrals to 147.Acknowledgments. To M. Motte (MNHNP), A. Weiler (CZCEN) and G. Graciolli (ZUFMS) for allowing us the review of specimen under their care, E. Lavilla and S. Kretzschmar (Fundación Miguel Lillo) for the localities of specimens from Argentina, also to Norman Scott Jr. for reviewing the manuscript. FLS is researcher from CNPq (301071/2011-0).ReferencesCacciali, P. (2009): Guía para la identificación de 60 Serpientes del Paraguay. Asunción, Asociación Guyra Paraguay.Carreira, S., Meneghel, M., Achaval, F. (2005): Reptiles de Uruguay. Montevideo, Universidad de la República, Facultad de Ciencias.Cei, J.M. (1993): Reptiles del noroeste, nordeste y este de la Argentina. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturale di Torino 14: 1–949.Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Graham, D., Webster, A. Primm, S., Bookbinder, M., Ledec, G. (1995): Una evaluación del estado de conservación de las ecorregiones terrestres de América Latina y el Caribe. Washington, WWF, Banco Mundial.Dowling, H.G. (1951): A proposed standard system of counting ventrals in snakes. British Journal of Herpetology 1: 97-99.Giraudo, A.R. (1997): Geographic Distribution. Lystrophis matogrossensis. Herpetological Review 28: 159 Giraudo, A.R. (2002): Serpientes de la Selva Paranaense y del Chaco Húmedo. Buenos Aires, Literature of Latin America.Giraudo, A.R., Scrocchi, G.J. (2002): Argentinian Snakes: An Annotated Checklist. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service 132: 1–53.Leynaud, G., Bucher, E. (1999): La fauna de serpientes del Chaco sudamericano: diversidad, distribución geográfica y estado de conservación. Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba. Miscelánea 98: 1-45. Marques, O.A., Eterovic, A., Strüssmann, C., Sazima, I. (2005): Serpentes do Pantanal. Ribeirão Preto, Holos Editora.Nenda, S.J., Cacivio, P.M. (2007): Reptilia, Colubridae, Xenodontinae, Lystrophis dorbignyi, Lystrophis pulcher, and Lystrophis semicinctus: Distribution extension, new provinces records in Argentina. Check List 3: 126-130.Scrocchi, G., Cruz, F.  (1993): Description of a new species of the genus Lystrophis Cope and a revalidation of Lystrophis pulcher (Jan, 1863) (Serpentes; Colubridae). Papéis Avulsos Zoologia 38: 171-186.Souza, F.L., Uetanabro, M., Landgref-Filho, P., Piatti, L., Prado, C. (2010): Herpetofauna, municipality of Porto Murtinho, Chaco region, staste of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Check List 6: 470-475.Peters, J.A., Orejas Miranda, B. (1970): Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part I. Snakes. Bulletin of United States National Museum 297: 1–347. Strüssmann, C., Prado, C.P.A., Ferreira, V.L., Kawashita Ribeiro, R.A. (2011): Diversity, ecology, management and conservation Xenodon pulcher first record for Brazil and a distribution extension 363Figure 2. Distribution of Xenodon pulcher (black circle), Xenodon mattogrossensis (black square) and the new locality for X. pulcher in Porto Murtinho, Brazil (white circle); white square represent the record from Marques et al. (2005), the black triangle represents records of X. pulcher from Scrocchi & Cruz (1993) and Nena & Cacivio (2007). Dark green represents Atlantic Forest, orange Cerrado, light blue Humid Chaco, brown Dry Chaco and dark blue Pantanal. Accepted by Mirco Soléof amphibians and reptiles of the Brazilian Pantanal: a review. In: The Pantanal – Ecology, biodiversity and sustainable management of large neotropical seasonal wetland, p. 497-521. Junk, W.J., Silva, C.J., Nunes da Cunha, C., Wantzen, K.M., Ed., Sofia, Pensoft Publishers.Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F.G., Cadle, J.E., Murphy, R.W., de Moura-Leite, J.C., Bonatto, S.L. (2009): Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American xenodontines: A revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 49: 115-153.Wallach, V., Williams, K.L., Boundy, J. (2014): Snakes of the World, a catalogue of living and extinct species. Florida, CRC Press.Hugo Cabral et al.364

Xenodon pulcher (Jan, 1863) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) first record for Brazil and a distribution extension

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Xenodon pulcher (Jan, 1863) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) first record for Brazil and a distribution extension

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