Automobile drivers are regularly exposed to vibrational stimuli in their vehicle. Of the automobile
subsystems, the steering wheel is one of the most important due to its role in controlling the vehicle. In
particular, the steering wheel plays an important role in transmitting information about the road and about
the vehicle to the driver. This paper investigates the effect of steering system feedback gain and steering
system feedback bandwidth on the human interpretation of the driving information transmitted by the
steering wheel. Human recognition of road surface type was found to be highly dependent on the feedback
gain and the feedback bandwidth of the steering wheel vibration. The results provide some basic guidelines for designing the control logic of steer by wire systems
