Names of springs and wells in Croatia

Abstract

Imena vrela na hrvatskom području kao i nazivlje za obilježavanje te skupine zemljopisnih objekata predstavlja jednu od najzanimljivijih cjelina unutar hrvatske toponomastike. U toj se semantičkoj skupini iskazuju bogate mogućnosti motivacijskih poticaja imenovanja koje se očituju u velikoj leksičkoj raznolikosti i specifičnoj arealnoj rasprostranjenosti pojavljivanja pojedinih apelativa i od njih tvorenih imena. Hrvatsko nazivlje u sebi objedinjuje ne samo slavensko jezično naslijeđe već i supstratne i adstratne leksičke nanose, osobito na rubnim hrvatskim područjima. Jedinstveni položaj unutar skupine slavenskih jezika odražava se i u činjenici da samo hrvatski jezik bilježi i nekolicinu naziva kojima se označavaju podmorska vrela, od kojih su neki nastali kao jezične prilagodbe primarno aloglotskih leksema. U radu se obrađuje preko 80 temeljnih vodnih imenica i njihovih izvedenica kojima se obilježavaju vrelišta, daju se osnovna etimoška tumačenja i analizira distribucija njihovih hidronimnih odraza.Names of springs and wells in Croatia, together with terms used for this group of geographical objects are one of the most interesting parts of Croatian toponomastics. This semantic group displays rich possibilities of name-forming incentives and motives which are manifested in the great lexical diversity and specific areal diffusion of individual appelatives and names derived from them. This group is of a special interest for the study of interlinguistic and interdialectal relations not only in the South Slavic area as a whole, but also on the wider Slavic territory. It should be pointed out that Croatian terms bring together not only Slavic linguistic heritage but also substratic and adstratic lexical layers, which is especially prominent in Croatian border regions. This unique position within the group of Slavic languages is clearly reflected in the fact that only Croatian has several terms for submarine springs, some of which are adaptations of primary alloglotic lexems. The author examines etymologically almost 80 geographical terms for springs and wells trying to determine their diachronic background and distribution on historic Croatian territory. The paper presents a well-documented survey of Croatian hydronymy, providing information on the structure and semantics of the relevant toponyms

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