Predictors of body dissatisfaction and dissorderly eating habits in the sociokultural model context

Abstract

Tjelesna aktivnost i prehrambene navike imaju značajnu ulogu u očuvanju zdravlja. Prema socio-kulturalnom modelu, mlade žene uslijed internalizacije društvenog standarda ljepote tijela mogu biti sklonije nezadovoljstvu vlastitim tjelesnim izgledom i posljedično sklonije nepoželjnim zdravstvenim ponašanjima. Željele smo ispitati doprinos tjelesne aktivnosti važnosti tjelesnoga izgleda, internalizacije ideala tjelesnoga izgleda, te indeksa tjelesne mase objašnjenju nezadovoljstva tjelesnim izgledom, te doprinos indeksa tjelesne mase i nezadovoljstva tjelesnim izgledom objašnjenju odstupajućih navika hranjenja. Sudjelovalo je 228 studentica koje su popunile Upitnik o sociodemografskim podacima i antropometrijskim mjerama, Upitnik općeg nezadovoljstva tjelesnim izgledom, Skalu sociokulturalnih stavova o tjelesnom izgledu i Upitnik navika hranjenja. Više od polovine ispitanih studentica (55,7%) je nedovoljno tjelesno aktivno, dok je 18 sudionica (7,9%) postiglo rezultat koji se smatra dovoljno odstupajućim za preporuku savjetovanja kod stručnjaka za poremećaje hranjenja. Pri objašnjenju nezadovoljstva tjelesnim izgledom, značajni prediktori su indeks tjelesne mase, opća internalizacija društvenoga standarda poželjnog izgleda, pritisak za ostvarivanje tog izgleda, kao i internalizacija sportskog ideala, te važnost koju studentice pridaju svom izgledu. Za odstupajuće navike hranjenja, značajnim prediktorima pokazali su se indeks tjelesne mase i nezadovoljstvo tjelesnim izgledom. Ipak, analize su pokazale da postoje značajni neizravni efekti različitog tipa (cross-over supresija pri objašnjenju ukupnog rezultata, medijacija pri objašnjenju držanja dijeta i klasična supresija pri objašnjenju bulimije i oralne kontrole), a smjer povezanosti ukazuje na različitu prirodu povezanosti pojedinih subskala Upitnika navika hranjenja s istim korelatima.Physical activity and eating habits have a significant role in maintaining health. According to the sociocultural model, young women in the midst of internalisation of society\u27s beauty standards can be more prone to dissatisfaction with their own physical appearance and as a consequence be more prone to undesirable health behaviours. The goal was to examine the contribution of physical activity, the importance of physical appearance, internalisation of the ideal body image and body mass index in explaining dissatisfaction with body image and the contribution of the body mass index and dissatisfaction with body image to the explanation of disordered eating habits. 228 university students participated. They completed a Socio-demographic and Anthropology Measures Questionnaire, Body Shape Questionnaire, Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale and Eating Attitudes Test. More than half of the examined students (55.7%) were not sufficiently physically active, while 18 participants (7.9%) achieved the result considered divergent enough that a consultation with an eating disorders expert was recommendable. Body mass index, general internalisation of society standards of the ideal body image, pressure to achieve the ideal body image and internalisation of the sport ideal, and also, the importance that students give to their physical appearance were significant predictors of dissatisfaction with body image. Significant predictors of disordered eating habits proved to be body mass index and dissatisfaction with their own body image. The analysis showed different types of significant indirect effects (cross – over suppression for explaining the total result, mediation for explaining dieting and classical suppression for explaining both bulimia and oral control), while the correlation pattern suggested the different nature of relations among particular Eating Attitudes Test subscales and the same set of correlates