Use of methods of biotechnology and molecular biology in unflower breeding - achievements in the world

Abstract

Suncokret spada među četiri najvažnijie uljane kulture u svijetu. Tijekom protekle dekade prinos i proizvodnja suncokreta u svijetu su porasli za 70%, što je posljedica optimizacije agrotehničkih mjera kao i stvaranja sve produktivnijih hibrida. Ipak, pojava opasnih oboljenja izazvanih Phomopsis i Sclerotinia sp. i povećani zahtjevi industrije u pogledu kvalitete doveli su do potrebe uvođenja novih genetskih svojstava u genom uzgajanog suncokreta. Biotehnologija, odnosno moderna kultura tkiva, biologija stanice i molekularna biologija pružaju mogućnost proširenja genetske osnove uzgajanog suncokreta i stvaranja nove germplazme, bolje adaptirane na nove zahtjeve tržišta i proizvodnje. Intenzivan rad u ovim oblastima je na suncokretu započet ranih sedamdesetih. U radu je dat pregled biotehnoloških i molekularnobioloških tehnika koje su s uspjehom upotrijebljene u oplemenjivanju suncokreta u svijetu, s naglaskom na dostignuća predstavljena na XV. Međunarodnoj konferenciji o suncokretu.Sunflower is one of four the most important oil crops in the world. Over the past decade yield and world sunflower production has increased by 70%. This success has resulted both from the optimization of agricultural technology and breeding for more productive hybrids. However, the development of serious diseases caused by Phomopsis and Sclerotinia sp., and the high industrial demands concerning quality implies the introduction of new genetic characteristics in the sunflower genome. Biotechnology involving modern tissue culture, cell biology and molecular biology offers the opportunity of widening cultivated sunflower genetic base and developing new germplasms, better adapted to the new market and production demands. In this paper a review is given of biotechnologycal and techniques of molecular biology successfully used in sunflower breeding. Special attention was payed to the results presented at 15th International Sunflower Conference

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