The paper presents the research on the development of ecological tourism in Ireland. The basic directions and problems of development of ecotourism. Income from ecotourism in the country was analyzed in the article, as well as the model for the attraction of tourists to Irelan

Komarova, M. E.

Koroleva, I. S.

Semchenko, I. V.

Yasenok, S. N.

Zhilenko, V. Y.

DSpace at Belgorod State University

         ISSN 0798 1015HOME Revista ESPACIOS ! ÍNDICES ! A LOS AUTORES !Vol. 38 (Nº 33) Año 2017. Pág. 9Problems and prospects of development of ecological tourism inIrelandProblemas y perspectivas del desarrollo del turismo ecológico en IrlandaVilena Yuryevna ZHILENKO 1; Marina Evgenievna KOMAROVA 2; Svetlana Nikolaevna YASENOK 3; Inna Sergeevna KOROLEVA 4; Irina Vladimirovna SEMCHENKO 5Received: 20/05/2017 • Approved: 01/06/2017Content1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Result Of Research4. Discussion Of Results5. ConclusionReferencesABSTRACT:The paper presents the research on the development of ecological tourism in Ireland. Thebasic directions and problems of development of ecotourism. Income from ecotourism in thecountry was analyzed in the article, as well as the model for the attraction of tourists toIreland. Ecotourism in Ireland is one of the most influential spheres of life. The main objectsof ecological tourism in Ireland, which attract significant flows of tourists, are: Dublin Zoo(located in Dublin, 1,076,876 tourists), National Botanic Gardens (located in Dublin,541,946 tourists), Doneraile Wildlife Park (located in Cork, 460,000 tourists), Tayto Park(located in Meath, 450,000 tourists), Fota Wildlife Park (located in Cork, 438,000 tourists). Keywords: ecological tourism, emerald Isle, Ireland, National Botanic Gardens.RESUMEN:El artículo presenta la investigación sobre el desarrollo del turismo ecológico en Irlanda. Lasdirecciones básicas y los problemas de desarrollo del ecoturismo. Los ingresos delecoturismo en el país fueron analizados en el artículo, así como el modelo para la atracciónde turistas a Irlanda. El ecoturismo en Irlanda es una de las esferas de vida másinfluyentes. Los principales objetos del turismo ecológico en Irlanda, que atraen importantesflujos de turistas, son: el zoológico de Dublín (situado en Dublín, 1.076.876 turistas), elJardín Botánico Nacional (situado en Dublín, 541.946 turistas), el Parque Natural deDoneraile (situado en Cork, 460.000 Turistas), Tayto Park (ubicado en Meath, 450.000turistas), Fota Wildlife Park (ubicado en Cork, 438.000 turistas). Palabras clave: turismo ecológico, isla esmeralda, Irlanda, jardines botánicos nacionales.1. IntroductionEcotourism is one of the most rapidly growing sectors in the global tourism industry. The first condition of ecological tourism, which makes it differentfrom the previously used forms of organization and spending a relaxing holiday, is sensible, environmentally and economically verified policy in the use ofresources, as well as recreational areas, development and compliance of the "no depleted" nature, which is designed to ensure not only the conservationof biological diversity of recreation areas, but also the stability of the most popular tourist activities.The World Tourism Organization (WTO) defines trends in the development of ecotourism. According to the WTO forecasts, the environmental tourism isamong the five main strategic directions of development of tourism for the period up to 2020.Ecotourism is a sector which is steadily gaining significant credibility within the tourism industry in Ireland. The core ethos and principles of theecotourism sector are also beginning to permeate mainstream tourism businesses in response to increasing demand by tourists and the cost savings thatcan be made by ‘going green’. Fáilte Ireland has long held the belief that the future sustainability of our tourism industry depends on the extent to whichwe protect the credibility of our clean green image. It is also important that visitors to Ireland are given options to reduce the carbon footprint of theirholiday. With an increase in the levels of good environmental practice in the tourism sector in recent years, Ireland is in a better position than ever tooffer choices to visitors wishing to have a lower emissions holiday (Ecotourism hand book for Ireland, 2012).Vijai Kaprihan (2004) pointed out that ecotourism is an amalgamation of two separate ecology and tourism concepts, but viewed jointly the coinageassumes great significance - both for ecological conservation and development of tourism. Ecotourism ensures satisfaction and is conducted for smallhomogeneous groups.           Jagmohan (1999) conducts a study about ecotourism planning. He says that “all the stakeholders in tourism development should safeguard the naturalenvironment with a view to achieving sound, continuous and sustainable economic growth geared to satisfying equitably the needs and aspirants ofpresent and future generations”.2. MethodologyWater, forest resources and objects of specially protected natural territories were assessed to identify security targets of eco-tourism areas of Ireland. Inassessing water resources, the value and importance of recreational water bodies (expert evaluation in points) were taken into account. At Woodlandanalysis, forest cover area was taken into account. In the analysis of protected areas, the area of ​specially protected natural areas (in terms of area of ​the district) and the status of which is estimated by experts in points were taken into account. These interim indices: water, wood, and security ofprotected areas. It was calculated by using the following formula:                                             (1)where: I - intermediate index for each indicator;X - absolute value of one of the indicators.The index value of I varies from 0 to 1. It shows the location of the index of each area of security among all the other areas.He calculated intermediate indexes on key indicators that had been adjusted by means of additional factors. The main component of the integratedassessment was adopted by the proportion of specially protected natural area on the area of ​the region and the status of specially protected area inpoints. Because of its correction factor was 0.5, while the each coefficient of other two blocks was 0.25.For the classification and mapping of evaluation results integral index was calculated, which is the sum of intermediate indexes based on the correctionfactors:                (2)I1 - intermediate index of security of protected areas;I2, І3 - interim security codes of forest and water resources;0.5 - correction factor of security of protected areas;0.25 - correction factors of security of forest and water resources.The mild oceanic climate, low mountains and the absence of sudden changes in temperature ensure lush vegetation on the island. Up until the 17thcentury, thick forests covered most of the area of Ireland, but now, as a result of human activity, virtually all forests are deforested.The results showed that the maximum integral index has Killarney National Park. The Killarney National Park includes unique yew forests and groves ofancient oaks.Thus, the national park may become a priority target for ecotourists.3. Result Of ResearchTourists’ expenditure during their visits of Ireland (including receipts paid to Irish carriers by foreign visitors) was estimated to be worth €5.1 billion in2014, this represents growth of 10%. Combining spending by international tourists with the money spent by Irish residents taking trips here, totaltourism expenditure in 2014 was estimated to be €6.6 billion (Tourism facts 2014 - Failte Ireland).Attendance at popular visitor attractions in Ireland 2014 involves mainly national parks, botanical gardens and zoos, these tourist attractions occupy thefirst place in the ranking of the tourists, indicating the intensive development of ecotourism in Ireland (table 1).Table 1. Attendance at popular visitor attractions in Ireland 2014Top Fee-Charging Attractions* Top Free AttractionsName of Attraction County 2014 Name of Attraction County 2014Guinness Dublin 1,269,371 The National Gallery ofIrelandDublin 593,183Cliffs of Moher VisitorExperienceClare 1,080,501 National BotanicGardensDublin 541,946Dublin Zoo Dublin 1,076,876 Doneraile Wildlife Park Cork 460,000National Aquatic Centre Dublin 931,074 National Museum ofIreland -Archaeology, Kildare SDublin 447,137Book of Kells Dublin 650,476 Science Gallery at TrinityCollegeDublinDublin 406,982St Patrick’s Cathedral Dublin 457,277 Farmleigh Dublin 402,773Tayto Park Meath 450,000 Newbridge Silverware Kildare 350,000Fota Wildlife Park Cork 438,000 Irish Museum of ModernArtDublin 306,662Blarney Castle Cork 390,000 Chester Beatty Library Dublin 304,000Rock of Cashel Tipperary 372,503 National Museum ofIreland -Natural History, MerrionStDublin 300,272Kilmainham Gaol Dublin 328,886 The National Library ofIrelandDublin 270,394Bunratty Castle & FolkParkClare 294,339 National Museum ofIreland -Decorative Arts &History, CollinsBarracksDublin 243,172Castletown House &ParklandsKildare 285,410 Holy Cross Abbey Tipperary 200,000Old Jameson Distillery Dublin 270,038 Connemara NationalParkGalway 169,960Kilkenny Castle Kilkenny 259,250 Dublin City Gallery –The HughLaneDublin 160,000Powerscourt House &GardensWicklow 232,605 Galway City Museum Galway 153,000Dublin Castle Dublin 217,758 Nicholas Mosse Pottery Kilkenny 120,000Christ Church Cathedral Dublin 173,265 Sliabh Liag Cliffs Donegal 120,000Glenveagh National Park,Castle & GardensDonegal 150,691 National Museum ofIreland -Country Life, TurloughParkMayo 109,000Clonmacnoise Offaly 149,472 Malin Head ViewingPointDonegal 105,000Dublinia Dublin 149,347 The Model Sligo 104,000Source: Fáilte Ireland Visitor Attraction Survey 2014*Revised February 2016The main objects of ecological tourism in Ireland are such objects as Dublin Zoo (located in Dublin, 1,076,876 tourists), National Botanic Gardens(located in Dublin, 541,946 tourists), Doneraile Wildlife Park (located in Cork, 460,000 tourists), Tayto Park (located in Meath, 450,000 tourists), FotaWildlife Park (located in Cork, 438,000 tourists).4. Discussion Of ResultsThe decisive condition for the development of tourism is the state of the demographic situation in the country, the standard of living of the population,conditions of reproduction or replenishment of structural and numerical composition of the population. In Ireland, these questions become particularlyacute, since most of the income of the population was higher than the subsistence minimum.It is essential to value the factor of free time. Only the presence of free time allows you to navigate on-site living conditions - in weekend mode, weekand longer vacations. The theoretical premise of using spare time as a major factor in determining the direction of its structural implementation allows toapproach and to solve the pragmatic problem - community participation in the tourism sector.This task is defined by us as follows (1):                (3)where: Qt - the number of tourists in the tourist service; Ni - contingent; i - population; qij - participation rate; i – contingent population; j- tourist areas of participation.The basic principles of development of ecological tourism are: - The conservation of biodiversity of ecosystems in accordance with the requirements and standards of the legal framework in the field of tourism,environmental law, nature conservation and environmental management;- Improving the economic sustainability of ecotourism zone - the creation of new jobs and additional sources of income for local people, to identify waysto optimize the development of local industries, involvement of the local population to cooperate the organizations, and management of eco-tourism;- Environmental education and education, raising the level of ecological culture of ecotourists and members of ecotourism activities, introduction ofprinciples of sustainable development in education through the formation of ecological outlook and ecological culture;- Ensuring the preservation of social and cultural diversity, that is, respect of local traditions, customs and practices, careful recourse to the culture of theindigenous population, the growth of intercultural understanding, the creation of social structures and institutions, conservation of ethnographicrecreation area, education of responsible and patriotic attitude to their own natural and cultural heritage.There is a large number of objects that include exploration of the touristic areas. These include a variety of natural and natural and cultural sites,including:• The most popular and notable species (flora and fauna), the so-called types - flagships, endemic and relict species;• unique objects and phenomena of inanimate nature (geological, geomorphological, hydrological and other elements of the landscape);• exotic plant communities and ecological communities;• career where you can make the paleontological, petrological, botanical and other findings for the collection;• natural and anthropogenic (cultural) landscapes as a whole, also located within the cultural, ethnographic, archaeological, historical and memorialobjects.In Ireland, there are plenty of ideal places for ecotourism. The most famous and beautiful resorts of this type include the following areas: Donegal,County Sligo, Beech Alley, Valley of Delphi, Trail of Giants, Cliffs of Moher, Cape Downpatrick Head, Amazing Granary, Aran Islands, Big Island Salt.5. ConclusionThis article concludes that Ireland is a country with a rapidly growing sector of the tourism industry. There are a lot of greenery on the island, the climateis temperate oceanic, humid mild winters, cool summers. Thanks to the mild climate Ireland is covered by greenery all year, that is why it is known as theEmerald Isle.There are many national parks, botanical gardens, zoos on the territory of Ireland, so that the ecological tourism are developing rapidly.A large number of tourist attractions, according to statistics on territory eco-tourism facilities, visit Dublin Zoo (located in Dublin, 1,076,876 tourists),National Botanic Gardens (located in Dublin, 541,946 tourists), Doneraile Wildlife Park (located in Cork, 460,000 tourists), Tayto Park (located in Meath,450,000 tourists), Fota Wildlife Park (located in Cork, 438,000 tourists).In the east, Ireland is washed by the Irish Sea and the straits of St. George in the North, from the west, north and south sides - by Atlantic Ocean.Dolphins inhabit Irish waters; there are many dolphins especially in County Cork. According to the data of 2014, dolphins in County Cork floated underthe water with wet suited tourists, but dolphins, unlike sharks, do not attack the victims.No less valuable objects of ecological tourism are Donegal, County Sligo, Beech Alley, Valley of Delphi, Trail of Giants, Cliffs of Moher, Cape DownpatrickHead, Amazing Granary, Aran Islands, Big Island Salt (Wendy F. Walsh and E. Charles Nelson, 2009; Jones, S, 2005; Laiola, P, 2003; Avila Foucat, V.S,2002; Dyck, M.G. and Baydack, R.K., 2004; Lepp, A., 2007).According to the investigations conducted by the value of environmental facilities for tourists on the integral indicator, the most significant indicator hasKillarney National Park.Thus, for the sustainable development of tourism in the Emerald Isle it is necessary to develop ecological tours, conduct public relations activities andpromotion of Irish tourist product worldwide. Ireland attractions are certainly of considerable tourist interest. Ecological tours may be used as cognitive,educational and scientific resources.ReferencesAvila Foucat, V.S. (2002). Look at Community-based ecotourism management moving towards sustainability, in Ventanilla, Oaxaca, Mexico. Ocean andCoastal Management, 45: 511-529.Caprihan, V. and Shivakumar, K. (2004). “Eco - Tourism in India”. South Asian Journal of Socio-Political Studies (SAJOSPS), 12(2): 80-85.Ecotourism hand book for Ireland, (2012). Date Views 20.12.2016http://www.failteireland.ie/FailteIreland/media/WebsiteStructure/Documents/2_Develop_Your_Business/1_StartGrow_Your_Business/Ecotourism_Handbook-2.pdf.Dyck, M.G. and Baydack, R.K. (2004). Vigilance behaviour of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the context of wildlife-viewing activities at Churchill,Manitoba, Canada. Biological Conservation, 116 (3): 343 –350.Jones, S. (2005). Community-based ecotourism: The significance of Social Capital. Annals of Tourism Research, 32 (2): 303-324.Laiola, P. (2003). Diversity and structure of the bird community overwintering in the Himalayan subalpine zone: is conservation compatible with tourism?Biological Conservation 15: 251-262.Lepp, A. (2007). Resident’s attitudes towards tourism in Bigodi village, Uganda. Tourism Management, 28: 876-885.Negi, J. (1999). Tourism Travel - Concepts and Principles. New Delhi: Gitanjali Publishing House, pp. 64-77.Tourism facts 2014 - Failte Ireland. (n. d.). Date Views 20.12.2016http://www.failteireland.ie/FailteIreland/media/WebsiteStructure/Documents/3_Research_Insights/3_General_SurveysReports/Tourism-facts-2014.pdf.Walsh, F. W. and Nelson, E. C. (2009). The Wild and Garden Plants of Ireland. United Kingdom: Edité par Thames Hudson Ltd, pp. 224.1. Belgorod National Research University, 308015, Belgorod region, Belgorod, st. Pobedy, 85. Email: vilena33@mail.ru2. Belgorod National Research University, 308015, Belgorod region, Belgorod, st. Pobedy, 853. Belgorod National Research University, 308015, Belgorod region, Belgorod, st. Pobedy, 854. Belgorod National Research University, 308015, Belgorod region, Belgorod, st. Pobedy, 855. Belgorod National Research University, 308015, Belgorod region, Belgorod, st. Pobedy, 85Revista ESPACIOS. ISSN 0798 1015Vol. 38 (Nº 33) Año 2017[Índice][En caso de encontrar algún error en este website favor enviar email a webmaster]©2017. revistaESPACIOS.com • Derechos Reservados

Problems and prospects of development of ecological tourism in Ireland

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Problems and prospects of development of ecological tourism in Ireland

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