The article deals with the demographical problem's population aging, life expectancy, premature aging, are shown results on quality of life in countries in relation to different indexes, that form itye

Duque Kalderon, U. F.

Martinez Garces, H. K.

Pozdnyakova, N. M.

Prashchayeu, K. I.

DSpace at Belgorod State University

N.M. Pozdnyakova, H.K. Martinez Garces, U. F. Duque Kalderon, K.I. PrashchayeuSOCIAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS LONGEVITYRussia, Belgorod State University pozdnyakova. tala@yandex. ruThe article deals with thedemographical problem o f population^ aging, life expectancy,premature aging, are shown results on quality o f life m countries in relation to different indexes, that form itIntroduction The demographic and social changes that have taken place m most of the countries m the first half of the XX century, were the immediate causes of the rapid development of gerontology -  the science of aging and eldemess The progressive agmg of the population, wich means an increase in theof older person’s share, is worldly recognized Besides the influence of environmental factors, unknowing of simple rules of a healthy lifestyle, lead to numerous diseases and premature agmg of the population, which becomes a direct challenge for a safe livingDemographic agmg as a tendencyhas a long term character Since 1950, the proportion of older persons has been constantly increasing from 8% in 1950, for 2050, is projected to reach 22% According to the WHO Expert Committee, among the world’s population in 1950, people over 50 years amounted 214 million people, in 1975 -  350 million people, m 2000 -  590 million, in 2006, the number of older people had exceeded 700 million people, and it is expected that by 2050 it will amount up to 2 billion people, which means it will triple itself in 50 years While there is a trend towards lower mortality m the elderly, and low birth rates persist, the proportion of elderly population will continue to increaseGlobally, the rate of growth of the elderly population is 2 6% per year, significantly outpacing the growth in the general population, which is 1 1% per year The world population over the age of 60 years will double itself, from 11% in 2006 to 22% in 2050 In 2007, a fifth of the population of the most developed regions were aged 60 years and older, according to prognosis, by 2050, people in this age group will account for almost one third of the population m developed countries In less developed regions the proportion of older persons in 2007 was only 8 %, however, it’s predicted that by 2050 it will account for one fifth of the total population, which means that by mid-century, developing countries will achieve the same stage of demographic aging, which will be in developed countries are at the present Even more sharply increase the number of very old people During the period of 1950-2050 years the number of people aged over 80 years worldwide will grow from 14 million to 400 million Such high growth rates of the elderly population will require profound socio-economic reforms in most of the countriesIn Russia, at the end of 1999, were about 30 million pensioners, or 19% of the population, of whom 3 2 million were older than 80 years During 1999-2010 thissituation did not change In recent years, increasing attention is paid to the development of gerontology is the science of aging, the elderly, and therefore, of life expectancy, health and diseases, of a lifestyle that will ensure longevity According to the scientific definition, gerontology is the science that studies the laws of the aging m living organisms (higher animals and humans) as well as some of its aspects biological, medical, social, psychological, economic, [Frolksis 1969 186, Harman 1968 476-482] Preventing premature aging of the persoms the main task of gerontology as an important social and biological problemThe struggle for life has always been a social order of the society, but with the development of the civilization and the ncrease m life expectancy, m humans have been observed processes of premature agmg [Frolksis 1969 186, Harman1968 476-482, Lebourg 1996 645-653] Traditionally they are associated with the occurrence of diseases that are typical for older age groups (atherosclerosis, diabetes, osteoarthritis and other) in connection with the impression that the problem of premature agmg is characteristic only for countries with a predominance of non-mfectious diseases For countries with a predominance of infectious morbidity and mortality, the problem of premature aging isnot traditionally consideredObjective Explore global trends m physiological and premature agmg of man and mankindMaterials and methods: We analyzed data from official health statistics (World Health Organization, governments official data) for 2000-2009Results: We conducted our study m phases In the first phase we studied the average life length, the life expectancy for all 192 countries of the World Health Organization [Official statistical reports to the World Health Organization (date accessed 21/01/2011), Official statistical reports to the World Health Organization (date accessed 21/01/2011), Official statistical reports to the World Health Organization (date accessed 21/01/2011)]In the second phase, all countries were lined up m a rating, m decreasing order of averagelife length and life expectancy Then were isolated countnes with average life length of 75 years and above, for in these countries, the problem of premature agmg, if it exists, then, is not a national problem This group includes the following states Slovakia, where the average life lengthis 75 05 years, and life expectancy -  74 8 years, Croatia with an averagelife lengthof 75 05 years and life expectancy -  76 0 years, UK averagelife length78 75 years, and life expectancy -  79 7 years, Germany averagelife length79 05 years, life expectancy -  80 2 years, Netherlands averagelife length79 05 years, life expectancy -  80 4 years, Japan averagelife length 82 15 years, life expectancy -  82 8 years, Andorra averagelife length82 75 years, life expectancy -  81 7 yearsIn the third phase, the remaining countnes, with medium and averagelife lengthand life expectancyof less than 75 years, we analyzed the structure of the morbidity and mortality Countries in which morbidity and mortality were due to diseases associated with aging, were classified as countnes with a high nsk of premature agmg (Table 1) 3Table 1Scale of countries with high risk of premature aging (fragment)Country Averagelife length, yearsLife expectancy, yearsLeading mortality causeHungary 73,05 73,9 Cardiovascular diseasesIran 70,6 72,0 Cardiovascular diseasesRussia 66,5 67,8 Cardiovascular diseasesUzbekistan 65,1 68,3 Cardiovascular lseasesBhutan 55,2 63,0 Cardiovascular diseasesAs seen m Table 1, m countnes with average length and life expectancy below 75 years, the leading causes of death are diseases were associated with aging, and particularly, with cardiovascular diseases Countnes m which the first and second place for morbidity and mortality,were occupiedby infectious causes, and non- mfectious diseases associated with aging, occupiedthe second and third places, were classifiedas countries with an average (probable) risk of premature agmg of the population (Table 2)Table 2Countries with an average (probable) risk of premature agingCountryAveragelifelength,yearsLife expectan cy, yearsFirst cause o f  deathsSecond cause of deathsGabon 55,9 60,0Infectious and parasitic diseasesCardiovascu lar diseasesLaos 55,9 62,6 Infectious and parasitic diseasesCardiovascu lar diseasesKenya 55,3 60,0Infectious and parasitic diseasesCardiovascu lar diseasesRepublic of the Congo53,3 54,2Infectious and parasitic diseasesCardiovascu lar diseasesRepublic o f  South Africa42,45 53,5Infectious and parasitic diseasesCardiovascu lar diseasesTable 2 shows examples of countnes with an average (probable) risk of premature aging In countries such as Gabon, the leading cause of death, are infectious and parasitic diseases, the averagelifelengthis 55 9 years and a life expectancy of 60 0 years In Laos, the leading cause of death as are infectious and parasitic diseases with anaveragehfe lengthof 55 9 years and life expectancy -  62 6 years In Kenya, the averagelife lengthis55 3 years, life expectancy -  60 0 years, the most common cause of mortality -  infectious and parasitic diseases In the Republic of Congo, the averagelife lengthis53 3 years, life expectancy -  54 2 years, and the mam cause of mortality -  infectious and parasitic diseases In the Republic of South

Social and medical aspects longevity

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Social and medical aspects longevity

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