On the basis of analysis of concepts "energy supply" and "energy efficiency" the inadmissibility of their identification has been shown. Parameters for quantitative characteristic of these concepts are specified. For the first time it is offered to use the system of balanced parameters of energy efficiency for developing norms of electric energy consumption

Efremov, V. V.

Markman, G. Z.

Electronic archive of Tomsk Polytechnic University

The volume of expenditures for carrying out worksfrom 1 to P level where the volume of allotted budget isthe boundary condition (PN) is designed by the methodsof discrete calculation. Thus, the system of determiningrepair works which may be fulfilled for the planned period is formed.All the automated systems controlling maintenanceand repairing proposed on the market and enterprisemanagement standards on the basis of ERPsystems donot include problem solution set in this work as well asthey do not consider this problem. Standards of ERPsystems (including CSRP, MES) solve the problemswhere the repair is considered as indivisible unit of purposes, tasks, resources and standards help the enterprisemanagement to answer the question «what is the sumfor repairing?». Modules of controlling maintenanceand repairing included into many corporation information control systems automate the processes of repairingorganization and fulfillment and help not only to carryout the repair work but to organize it more efficiently.Bulletin of the Томsк Pоlytеchnic University. 2007. V. 311. № 4138REFERENCES1. Methods of robust, neuronfuzzy adaptive control / Ed. by N.D.Egupov. – Moscow: Publishing house of N.E. Bauman’s MGTU,2002. – 744 p.2. Egorov S.V. Processing as a control object. – Moscow: MEI Press,1988. – 96 p.3. Silich V.A., Silich M.P. System analysis and operation research. –Tomsk: TPU Press, 2000. – 97 p.4. Gitelman L.D. Efficient energy company: economics, management,reforming. – Moscow: OlimpBusiness, 2002. – 544 p.5. Khristenko V.B. Railings, pipes, wires. The experience of managinginfrastructure complexes. – Moscow: Delo, 2004. – 124 p.6. Sinyagin N.N., Afanasiev N.A., Novikov S.A. The system of fixedschedule repairing of equipment and industrial power engineeringnetworks. – Moscow: Energia, 1978. – 408 p.7. Tashlykov O.L. Repairing the nuclear plant equipment: – Yekaterinburg: UGTU Press, 2003. – 319 p.8. Glazman I.M., Novikov V.G. Foundation of network planning andcontrolling. – Kharkov: Kharkov University Press, 1966. – 96 p.Received on 10.04.2007In the papers devoted to the problem of efficiency ofusing energy resources, «at all stages of their life cycles»– from generation to consumption of end products(electric and thermal energy) – two concepts denotedby the terms «energy saving» and «energy efficiency» areused [1]. However, there is a great difference of theseterms among the specialists; therefore, in some articlesthey are used as the same and in others the term «energy saving» is rejected. The supporters of the second position suppose that energy should be consumed in volumes required for implementation of your demands, i.e.not to save but to use it efficiently and on this basis,identifying these two terms they propose to exchangethe term «energy saving» by the term «energy efficiency». It is supposed that such difference occurred as aresult of the fact that a serious uncertainty was admittedat interpretation of the term «energy efficiency» in theLaw of the RF «On energy saving» [1]. The followingexplanation of these two key concepts:• «energy saving» is the implementation of legal, scientific, engineering and economic steps directed tothe efficient use of energy resources and involvement of the secondary or renewable energy resources into economic circulation.• «energy efficiency» is the achievement of engineering capabilities and economically justified efficiency of using energy resources at the existing level ofdevelopment of technology is given in the Law.It is not difficult to see that «implementation» in thefirst explanation and «achievement» in the second onemean the same thing; a certain complex of actions (measures) directed to increase of quality (efficiency) ofconsuming energy resources. Such understanding of thefirst term is not objected. As for the second one, itshould be taken into account that the term «efficiency»in all spheres of human activity is used for defining theachieved quality (efficiency) of realizing the aimed actions and engineering processes. In concrete cases theUDC 621.04.18«ENERGY SUPPLY» AND «ENERGY EFFICIENCY»: SPECIFICATION OF CONCEPTS, THE SYSTEM OF BALANCED PARAMETERS OF «ENERGY EFFICIENCY»V.V. Efremov, G.Z. MarkmanTomsk Polytechnic UniversityEmail: rcr@tpu.ruOn the basis of analysis of concepts «energy supply» and «energy efficiency» the inadmissibility of their identification has been shown.Parameters for quantitative characteristic of these concepts are specified. For the first time it is offered to use the system of balancedparameters of energy efficiency for developing norms of electric energy consumption.«efficiency» is reflected by such quantitative indices as«utilization rate» and «displacement power factor».«Energy efficiency» is possible and useful to be characterized as well by a quantitative parameter, for example, «energy efficiency ratio» (Э).In general form, the energy efficiency ratio may beintroduced as:(1)where WП is the effectively used energy, WНП are thenonproductive expenditures, WП+WНП is the total energy generation.Energy efficiency ratio depends, in its turn, on a great number of indices such as: specific discharge for product manufacturing, efficiency and machine loading.(2)where, x1,x2,x3,...,xn are the energy efficiency indices.Identifying the expressions (1) and (2) and using theinstruments of mathematical and (or) statistic analysis,the optimal indices of «energy efficiency» may be theoretically determined varying the value of nonproductiveconsumption of energy resources in the region of its acceptable values.The task of determining optimal indices of «energyefficiency» is current for development of energy consumption rate reflecting sufficiently the engineeringprocess or a chain of sequential engineering processes.The system of balanced indices of enterprise energy efficiency the prototype of which was developed in 90s ofthe last century by the American scientistseconomistsR. Kaplan and D. Norton is suggested to be used for itssolution [3]. This system was successfully applied in management of the whole enterprise and its separate process.The fundamental idea of the system of balanced indices of energy efficiency consists in considering the enterprise activity as a whole from four different points ofviewperspectives: financial (a), industrial – electricenergy quality (b), processing – inner engineering processes (c), as well as staff training and development (d),in the frame of which the company aims are formed (Figure).Singling out such perspectives has obvious and clearinner logic: the better the staff proficiency andtechniques (perspectives of development) are the simpler to support the efficiency of the enterprise innerprocesses. It serves, in its turn, to such production organization which meets the providers and suppliers interests and promotes as well the manufacturing qualityproduct satisfying the consumer demands. All thesethings provide the achievement of the desired financialplans including the obtaining of gains, benefit, moneyflow activation.The process of achieving the energy consumptionratio may be considered as a business process conditioned by a number of indices and the difference betweenthe target ratio and actual energy consumption – as abenefit or loss expressed in absolute (money) or relativevalues. Application of these instruments allows formingthe objective system of criteria and estimates and providing coordination of different levels of controlling theenergy consumption process. The efficiency factor ofthe process, in other words, «energy efficiency coefficient» may serve as the main criterion of success in theprocess of increasing the energy efficiency. Using thisparameter requires the formation of enterprise objectivesystem. In respect to the balanced indices techniquethrees objectives should be stated in terms of businessaims, critical success factors, functional objectives andevents (actions), necessary for achieving success.Target value of activity fundamental index is the efficiency numerical value; its actual achievement meansthe achievement of success in proper field of activity oncertain time interval.The process of increasing the efficiency of electricenergy consumption may be automated.«Energy saving» as implementation of measures inincreasing efficiency of using energy resources, electricand thermal energy is characterized by its set of indicesreflecting, virtually, the economy potential determinedas a result of energy inspection and energy audit.Some of them are estimated on the basis of indicesof «energy efficiency», the other have independent specific value. The most often used indices at energy inspections are:• the value of energy saving potential by certain energy resources in denominate and relative units;• economic effect of implementation of energy savingactions;• payback time of energy saving actions;• the rate of possible use of secondary energy resources;1 2 3( , , ,..., ),nÝ f x x x x=,ÏÏ ÍÏWÝW W= +Power engineering139Figure. The strategy of achieving the aim and indices balance (the company strategy objective is denoted by bullet point)• the value pf possible economic effect owing to transformation of certain productions or engineeringprocesses to other kinds of energy resources.The results of energy saving actions, rate of specificenergy resource consumption, multiple energy balanceand balances by certain kinds of energy resources mayserve as the information sources for obtaining indices of«energy saving».Thus, in practice of energy saving potential implementation by manufacturers and consumers of energycarriers both concepts «energy efficiency» and «energysaving» with their quantitative indices should be used.Indices referring to «energy efficiency» characterize theexisting (or the achieved) level of efficiency of using energy resources and energy; the efficiency of actions forincreasing «energy efficiency» refers to «energy saving».In this connection, the term «energy efficiency» shouldbe interpreted as technologically possible and economically sound quality of using energy resources and energy at the existing level of technology development.Bulletin of the Томsк Pоlytеchnic University. 2007. V. 311. № 4140REFERENCES1. Federal Law of the RF «On energy saving» dated the 24 of November, 1995.2. Litvak V.V. The fundamentals of regional energy saving (scientificand technical aspects). – Tomsk: NTL Press, 2002. – 300 p.3. Kaplan R., Norton D. The system of balanced indices. – Moscow:BusinessOlympus, 2002. – 156 p.Received on 19.09.2007

"Energy supply" and "energy efficiency": specification of concepts, the system of balanced parameters of "energy efficiency"

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