Gričar, Jožica

Kraigher, Hojka

Mrak, Tanja

Železnik, Peter

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Anatomical-morphological identification of fine roots of the common European tree species  Tanja Mrak (tanja.mrak@gozdis.si), Jožica Gričar, Peter Železnik, Hojka Kraigher  Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana  5 mm 3 mm 1 mm The most distal fine roots Selected tree species:   Fagus sylvatica L. Picea abies  (L.) Karst. Abies alba Mill. Pinus sylvestris  L. Larix decidua Mill. Prunus avium (L.) L.  Carpinus betulus L. Populus nigra L. Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. Castanea sativa Mill. Fraxinus excelsior L. Acer pseudoplatanus L. Characteristics of the fine root system that can potentially be used for identification purposes Anatomy of wood and bark (anatomy of roots can differ significantly from the anatomy of stem!) Morphology:   → diameter of lateral branches        → branching pattern       → colour       → texture of the root bark or epidermis       → type of mycorrhiza  Methods:    Case study: Picea abies Above: Bark of fine roots of P. abies is middle brown to whitish and comes off in flakes, typically branch scars are observed (arrow)  To the left: Part of the fine root system of P. abies with different types of mycorrhiza  1 mm 1 mm Spiral thickenings in earlywood of P. abies (tangential section of 3 mm root) Connection between vertical and horizontal resin ducts (radial section of 3 mm root) Piceoid cross-field pits in rays of P. abies (radial section of 5 mm root) Rays are already developed in 1 mm roots of P. abies (tangential section) Transversal sections of P. abies roots of different diameter classes. In the most distal fine roots, resin ducts are already recognizable. Agerer R., ed. (1987-2008) Colour atlas of ectomycorrhizae 1st-14th del., Einhorn-Verlag, Schwäbisch Gmünd Cutler D. F., Rudall P. J., Gasson P. E., Gale R. M. O. (1987) Root identification manual of trees and shrubs. A guide to the anatomy of roots of trees and shrubs hardy in Britain and northern Europe. First Edition. Chapman and Hall, London: 245 pp.  Kutschera L. and Lichtenegger E. (2002) Wurzelatlas mitteleuropäischer Waldbäume und Sträucher. Ersteauflage, Stocker, Graz: 604 pp.  Philips, E. W. J. (1948). Identification of softwoods by their microscopic structure. For. Prod. Res. Bull. 22: 1-56.  Pregitzer K. S., DeForest J. L., Burton A. J., Allen M. F., Ruess R. W., Hendrick R. L. (2002) Ecological Monographs 72 (2), 293–309.  References: Acknowledgements: Anatomy: transversal and radial/tangential sections of roots of diameters 5, 3, 1 mm and the most distal fine roots, 3-5 individuals for each species  → observation under Zeiss Axio Imager Z2 microscope Morphology: scanning of roots on Epson Perferction V700 Photo Scanner, photographing of roots under Zeiss Stereo Lumar V12 microscope 

Anatomical-morphological identification of fine roots of the common European tree species

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