Hotchkiss, Richard S.

Opal, Steven M.

English

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Supplementary AppendixThis appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work.Supplement to: Hotchkiss RS, Opal SM. Activating immunity to fight a foe — a new path. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1270-2. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcibr1917242REFERENCES FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY (IL-7, αPD-1, αPD-L1, GM-CSF, IFN-γ) USE IN CLINICAL (HUMAN) INFECTIONS Viral IL-7 1. Harel A, Horng S, Gustafson T, Ramineni A, Farber RS, Fabian M. Successful treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with recombinant interleukin-7 and maraviroc in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. J Neurovirol 2018;24:652-5. 2. Alstadhaug KB, Croughs T, Henriksen S, et al. Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with interleukin 7. JAMA Neurol 2014;71:1030-5. 3. Patel A, Patel J, Ikwuagwu J. A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010;65:2697-8. 4. Miskin DP, Chalkias SG, Dang X, Bord E, Batson S, Koralnik IJ. Interleukin-7 treatment of PML in a patient with idiopathic lymphocytopenia. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2016;3:e213. 5. Gasnault J, de Goer de Herve MG, Michot JM, et al. Efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 7 in a patient with severe lymphopenia-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2014;1:ofu074.  αPD-1/αPD-L1  6. Rauer S, Marks R, Urbach H, et al. Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Pembrolizumab. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1676-7. 7. Cortese I, Muranski P, Enose-Akahata Y, et al. Pembrolizumab Treatment for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1597-605. 8. Koralnik IJ. Can Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Keep JC Virus in Check? N Engl J Med 2019;380:1667-8. 9. Gardiner D, Lalezari J, Lawitz E, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled assessment of BMS-936558, a fully human monoclonal antibody to programmed death-1 (PD-1), in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. PLoS One 2013;8:e63818. (Clinical Trial) 10. Fuller MJ, Callendret B, Zhu B, et al. Immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:15001-6. 11. Walter O, Treiner E, Bonneville F, et al. Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Nivolumab. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1674-6.  Bacterial IL-7 12. Francois B, Jeannet R, Daix T, et al. Interleukin-7 restores lymphocytes in septic shock: the IRIS-7 randomized clinical trial. JCI Insight 2018;3. (Clinical Trial)  PD-1/PD-L1 13. Hotchkiss RS, Colston E, Yende S, et al.: A Phase 1b Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Study of Antiprogrammed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Antibody (BMS-936559). Crit Care Med. 2019 May; 47(5):632-642.  14. Hotchkiss RS, Colston E, Yende S, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibition in sepsis: a Phase 1b randomized study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of nivolumab. Intensive Care Med. 2019 Oct;45(10):1360-1371.   GM-CSF  15. Hall MW, Geyer SM, Guo CY, et al. Innate immune function and mortality in critically ill children with influenza: a multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2013;41:224-36. (Clinical Trial)  16. Meisel C, Schefold JC, Pschowski R, et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009;180:640-8. (Clinical Trial) 17. Leentjens J, Kox M, Koch RM, et al. Reversal of immunoparalysis in humans in vivo: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;186:838-45. (Clinical Trial)  IFN-γ 18. Riddell LA, Pinching AJ, Hill S, et al. A phase III study of recombinant human interferon gamma to prevent opportunistic infections in advanced HIV disease. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2001;17:789-97. (Clinical Trial) 19. Nalos M, Santner-Nanan B, Parnell G, Tang B, McLean AS, Nanan R. Immune effects of interferon gamma in persistent staphylococcal sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:110-2. 20. Payen D, Faivre V, Miatello J, et al. Multicentric experience with interferon gamma therapy in sepsis induced immunosuppression. A case series. BMC Infect Dis 2019;19:931. 21. Crit Care Med Payen D, Faivre V, Miatello J, et al. Multicentric experience with interferon gamma therapy in sepsis induced immunosuppression. A case series. BMC Infect Dis 2019;19:931. 22. Dries DJ, Jurkovich GJ, Maier RV, et al. Effect of interferon gamma on infection-related death in patients with severe injuries. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Surg 1994;129:1031-41; discussion 42. (Clinical Trial) 23. Docke WD, Randow F, Syrbe U, et al. Monocyte deactivation in septic patients: restoration by IFN-gamma treatment. Nat Med 1997;3:678-81.   Fungal  αPD-1/IFN-γ 24. Grimaldi D, Pradier O, Hotchkiss RS, Vincent JL. Nivolumab plus interferon-gamma in the treatment of intractable mucormycosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2017;17:18.  GM-CSF  25. Wan L, Zhang Y, Lai Y, et al. Effect of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Prevention and Treatment of Invasive Fungal Disease in Recipients of Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Phase IV Trial. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:3999-4006. (Clinical Trial)  IFN-γ 26. Delsing CE, Gresnigt MS, Leentjens J, et al. Interferon-gamma as adjunctive immunotherapy for invasive fungal infections: a case series. BMC Infect Dis 2014;14:166. 27. Buddingh EP, Leentjens J, van der Lugt J, et al. Interferon-gamma Immunotherapy in a Patient With Refractory Disseminated Candidiasis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2015;34:1391-4.    

Activating immunity to fight a foe — A new path

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Activating immunity to fight a foe — A new path

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