Kuznetsova, E.

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Kuznetsova E.Peoples’ Friendship University of RussiaCONDITIONS FOR INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN RUSSIAAny  innovative  activity  is  a  process  in  which  several  key  players  areinvolved, including the author of idea, people who are responsible for its businessimplementation and certainly one of the main roles belongs to the state that createssome conditions for any entrepreneurial activity. For successful development andrealization of any brilliant project a symbiosis of the above-mentioned componentsis required. The main aim of this article is to define the conditions for innovativeactivity in Russia, to face possible positive and negative influence of the state andto propose some measures to improve the current positions of our state. Better to understand the current situation concerning innovative activity andthe influence on it made by the state, let us look through some statistic data thatwill  face strong and weak points,  possible  opportunities  and threats  in the thissphere. The leading positions on external and internal market belong to gas and oilindustry  and  also  to  military  industries.  Weak  positions  belong  to  electricalindustry, machine construction, instrument making, automobile constructions, roadconstructions and pharmaceuticals. As an additional data let us use proportions ofinnovation projects in various sectors of industry according Rosstat.As it can be seen from the graph the most innovative spheres of industry areIT, Space and Aircraft, Biotechnologies and Military industry – the spheres that arenot successful in external market and vice versa the leading industries such as gasand oil  extraction are not  innovative.  Let  us make the complex analysis of  thecurrent situation, beginning with the positive features:• strong positions or leadership in many areas of fundamental science, suchas technical sciences;• strong positions in the world market in such technological areas as aero-space industry, metallurgy and energy;• developed system of R&D institutes in various R&D spheres.These  achievements  on my mind  arise  from the right  policy  of  previousregime – the Soviet Union, that used the national idea as a main tool for movingthe country forward and keeping its high positions in the world.The shortcomings of nowadays regime that don’t let our country to developsuccessfully R&D sphere and sphere of innovations begin with the most importantproblem –  low legislative  activity.  It  also  has  negative  influence  on  the  mostinnovative  spheres  that  were  highlighted  earlier.  For  example  it  is  the  mainobstacle  for  realization  of  new  outstanding  ideas  in  Biotechnologies  as  thegovernment considers. There are some threats such as brain drain, lack of budgeting and themost dangerous on my mind is lack of  demand for innovative products, becausemany enterprises have obsolete equipment and try to harvest as much as possiblewithout any costly innovation.With the above I would like to suggest some measures for improving thecurrent situation and make easier the realization of innovative ideas in Russia:• provide interest-free loans to individual inventors and small start-ups;• create venture funds and provide tax benefits for them;• create nets of technoparks and technopolices;• introduce benefits system for participants of technologies transfer;• improve  coordination  between  ministries  and  departments  as  well  asbetween different levels of government – federal, regional and municipal;• increase volumes of state and private investment into R&D;• stimulate purchasing of high-tech products produced in Russia;• introduce tax benefits  using experience of  foreign countries,  such as -lowering tax rates for profit spent on R&D: lowering taxes paid on dividends frominnovation enterprises  shares;  lower  tax on profit  received as  a  result  of  usingpatents, licenses, know-how and other intangible assets; reducing taxable profit onthe price  for  equipment  given to  universities  and R&D enterprises;  subtractingcharity payments to funds financing innovations from taxable income.

CONDITIONS FOR INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA

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CONDITIONS FOR INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA

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