Kimberlin, RH

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RH Kimberlin

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An assessment of genetical methods in the control of scrapie

Kimberlin RH

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Genetics Selection Evolution

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R. H. KIMBERLIN

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AN ASSESSMENT OF GENETICAL METHODS IN THE CONTROL OF SCRAPIE

eliminated and the sow can show its true genetic capacity in a better way. Avoiding the parity
combination 1:1 the hemtability estimates by regression are in line with the estimates of REVLL
et CLI. (1973), ALSING (1977), OLLIVIER (1973) and HANRAHAN BtCLl. !IC)’!4! and worth while to
be integrated into a breeding programme.
BENÜTZUNG DER INDEXZAHLEN, DIE BEI DER ZUCHTWERTSCHÄTZUNG
DER SCHWEINE IN UNGARN VERWENDET WERDEN
J. KOVACS
Agvavwissenschaftliche Universität Keszthely,
Lehvstuhl für Tierzucht, Keszthely, Ungarn
Der Verfasser stellt die Indexzahlen vor, die in der Schweinezucht in Ungarn benutzt
werden. Er macht uns mit der Kennziffer der Exterieursbeurteilung bekannt. Der auf Grund der
in der Leistungskontrolle erhaltenen Angaben der zukünftigen Zuchttiere (JUNGEBERund JUNG-
SAU) bestimmter Index wird dargestellt.
Er orientiert über den Index, der auf den zentralen Teststationen bei der Beurteilung der
Frohwüchsigkeit, F’utterverwertung und des Schlachtwertes der Jungeber verwendet wird.
Ausserdem wird die einheitliche Kennziffer, die aus den Daten der Mast-und Schlachtleis-
tung auf den Teststationen gebildet wird, dargelet. Der Verfasser zeigt an, dass die Zuchtpraxis
diese Daten parallel und einander ergänzend benutzt und auf solcher Weise, dass die Nachteile
der mechanischen Anwendung vermeidet werden sollen.
II. - Facteurs génétiques et de milieu
influençant la résistance naturelle aux maladies
GENETIC VARIATION IN MINERAL METABOLISM IN RELATION TO DISORDERS
G. WIENER
A.R.C. Animal Breeding Research Organisation,
West Mains Road, Edinbuvgh EH9 3JQ, Scotland
Evidence is reviewed of genetic variation in the incidence of disorders associated with the
metabolism of minerals in general and trace elements in particular. Also reviewed is the evidence
for genetic variation in the concentrations of various minerals and trace elements in blood and
tissues of animals. Particular illustrations are given from work involving copper in sheep.
The evidence suggests that breeds and strains of animals differ in their nutrient requirements for
trace elements and probably other minerals, for the prevention of disorder and possibly for opti-
mum performance.
AN ASSESSMENT OF GENETICAL METHODS IN THE CONTROL OF SCRAPIE
R. H. KIMBERLIN
A.R.C. Institute for Research on Animal Diseasses,
Compton, tlTewbuvy, Berkshire, England
Scrapie is caused by a virus-like agent which is transmitted to sheep by horizontal and verti-
cal routes of infection. The disease can be controlled by selective culling of bloodline relatives
of serapie cases. However, this depends on accurate breeding records which are often not
available. Two major studies, with Cheviot and with Herdwick sheep, have shown that " sus-
ceptibility 
" 
to experimental infection with one source of agent is controlled by a single gene and
that the dominant allele confers " susceptibility ". There is evidence that scrapie agent may
replicate in some " resistant " sheep but at a slower rate than in 
" 
susceptible " sheep. For this
reason, 
" resistance " is best regarded in terms of an extended incubation period. Also, " resis-
tance 
" 
to one strain of agent does not mean " resistance " to all strains. A " resistant " flock
of Swaledale sheep is being developed by experimentally infecting all animals and breeding from
the survivors. There have been extensive outbreaks of natural scrapie in the " susceptible 
"
flocks of Cheviot and Heydwick sheep.
Investigations of these outbreaks might be able to show whether or not sheep selected for
" resistance " could be used to limit the spread of infection in flocks with a serious scrapie problem.
RESISTANCE OF CALVES TO GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES
C. C. OSTERLEE, A. KLOOSTERMAN G. A. A. ALBERS
Dep. of Animal Production of the Agvicultuval University
Wageningen, Duivendaal 5, the Netherlands
Control of enzootic diseases is possible by hygienic measures and by increasing resistance
of;!the animals. The resistance of calves to gastrointestinal nematodes is discussed as an example
where the reaction of animals to a certain dose of infective larvae can be measured by serological
as well as parasitological parameters. This resistance vary considerable in calves of the same
age and feeding condition, and part of it is genetically determined. The question what this
resistance means for the growth performance of the calf under various conditions of infection
remains to be answered.
IMMUNOGENETICS STUDIES ON CATTLE TWINS
J. SELLEI
Dep. of Animal Breeding and Genetics
Swedish University of Agvicultuval Sciences,
S - 750 07 U!!sala, Sweden
Some components which are essential factors in the immune mechanism were quantified
(titre tested) in the sera from cattle twins. It was found that in monozygous twins the kinetics
of antibody formation against red cell antigens was under close genetic control. This phenome-
non indicates that not only the amount but also the start, the raise and the persistence of antibody
formation is genetically controlled. These results were obtained in twins which had never before
been confronted with these antigens and where the dosage and route of injection was carefully
controlled. When the contact with the antigen as in the case of the ubiquitously occuring J-
substance could not be controlled genetic variation in the anti-I antibody titres was not demons-
trable. The titre tests revealed considerable genetic variation also in the relative activity of
complement (Ci trough C3) and konglutinin in the twin sera.
GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HEALTH DISTURBANCES IN PIGS
N. LUNDEHEIM
(Sweden)
Since the beginning of 1973 every pig from the Swedish Pig progeny testing stations pass a
special post-mortem examination where any disease in the thoracic cavity or in the snout is regi-
stered. The diseases which are thereby recorded are different kinds of pneumonia, pleurisy and
atrophic rhinitis (AR).
Data from this post-mortem examination during 1973-5 were merged with the ordinary
progeny testing records. This merging could not be done for those animals or groups which for


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An assessment of genetical methods in the control of scrapie

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