Andersen, Ole Baltazar

Beyerle, George

Cardellach, Estel

Chapron, Bernard

Gommenginger, Christine

Høeg, Per

Jakowski, Norbert

Jäggi, Adrian

Kern, Michael

Lee, Tony

Martin-Neira, Manuel

Pierdicca, Nazzareno

Shum, C.K.

Wickert, Jens

Zuffada, Cinzia

Andersen, Ole

Beyerle, Georg

Chapron, Bertrand

Hoeg, Per

Lee, Tong

Shum, C. K.

Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)

Poster-EGU2014-6226GEROS-ISS: Innovative Ocean Remote Sensing using GNSS Reflectometryonboard the International Space Station 1 2 1 3 4 5 2 6J. Wickert , O. Andersen , G. Beyerle , B. Chapron , E. Cardellach , C. Gommenginger , P. Høeg , A. Jäggi ,7 9 10 9 11 13 10N. Jakowski , M. Kern , T. Lee , M. Martin-Neira , N. Pierdicca , C.K. Shum , C. Zuffada1 2 3 4 5 6Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Germany; Technical University of Denmark; IFremer, France; IEEC/ICE-CSIC, Institute of Space Sciences, Spain; National Oceanography Center, Southampton, U.K.; University Bern, Switzerland7 8 9 10German Aerospace Center, Germany; European Space Agency; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, USA; Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Contact: wickert@gfz-potsdam.deReferences[1] Lee, T., Z. Li, S. Lowe, and C. Zuffada. Observing energetic eddies with GNSS reflections from the ISS, Comm. to the ESA Science Advisory Group of the GEROS mission, 2013.[2] Ruf et al., CYGNSS website: http://aoss-research.engin.umich.edu/missions/cygnss/, 2013[3] Wickert J., Beyerle G., Cardellach E., Förste, C., Gruber T., Helm A., Hess M.P., Hoeg. P., Jakowski N., Montenbruck, Rius A., Rothacher M., and Shum C.K., GEROS-ISS, research proposal to ESA Research Announcement for ISS Experiments relevant to study of Global Climate Change, 2011.[4] Zuffada, C., G. Hajj, F. Webb, T. Mannucci, J. Zumberge, Yi Chao, V. Zlotnicki, I. Fukumori, (2005). A constellation for high resolution sea surface topography with frequent temporal revisit, white paper, Jet Propulsion Laboratory  California Institute of Technology Pasadena, U.S., 2005.AbstractGEROS-ISS (GEROS hereafter) stands for GNSS REflectometry, Radio Occultation and Scatterometry onboard the International Space Station [3]. It is a scientific experiment, proposed to the European Space Agency (ESA) in 2011 for installation aboard the ISS. The main focus of GEROS is the dedicated use of signals from the currently available Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for remote sensing of the Earth System with focus on Climate Change characterisation mainly in the Equator and mid-latitude regions. It will address the challenges of ESA‘s Earth Observation strategy (SP 1304 The Changing Earth : New scientific challenges for ESA‘s living planet). GEROS will exploit GNSS signals reflected off oceans and land to derive climate relevant surface properties, as sea surface height and roughness (can be correlated with wind speed and direction) or soil moisture. The Radio Occultation technique will be applied as, e.g., secondary mission goal to derive vertical profiles of atmospheric properties, as temperature, water vapor and ionosphere density. We introduce the GEROS mission idea and briefly review the current status.   BackgroundThe European Space Agency Directorate of Human Space Flight and Operations (HSO) released an announcement of opportunity in July 2011 in coordination with the Directorate of Earth Observation Programmes (EOP) soliciting scientific experiments for the International Space Station relevant to global climate change studies. 25 Letters of intent were received from 237 science team members. After a peer-review of the received proposals and a scientific and technical evaluation, the GEROS-ISS proposal was accepted to proceed to Phase A feasibility studies. Mission IdeaGEROS-ISS is a new and innovative ISS experiment primarily focused on exploiting reflected signals of opportunity from the GNSS satellites at L-band to measure key parameters of ocean surfaces which are relevant to characterise climate change. Secondary mission goals are global atmosphere and ionosphere observations using the GNSS radio occultation technique and the monitoring of land surface parameters utilizing reflected GNSS signals (see Fig. above). GEROS will also provide a sensor calibration/validation option for other upcoming satellite missions including, e.g., Sentinel-3, SWOT or FormoSAT-7/COSMIC-II.  The GNSS remote sensing data from GEROS will also complement the innovative GNSS scatterometry measurements from the U.S. mission CYGNSS, which is currently foreseen for launch in 2016. [2].StatusGEROS was selected in result of a complex review process, initiated by ESA. The review results and decision on further activities was officially announced at the end of 2012. An interdisciplinary and international Science Advisory Group (SAG) of acknowledged experts in Oceanography, Geodesy, Atmosphere and GNSS Science started to work in June 2013 on details of the preparation of the GEROS mission. This SAG consists of key members of the proposing team and additional experts, nominated by ESA. An industrial Phase A study and a scientific study for the development of an End2End GEROS-Simulator,, respectively  were announced as ESA Invitations to Tender (ITT) in spring this year.  According to the current schedule and in case of successful preparative studies and provision of appropriate funding, a launch of GEROS can be expected for 2018. Mission GoalsThe primary mission objectives of GEROS are: (1) to measure the altimetric sea surface height of the ocean using reflected GNSS signals to allow methodology demonstration, establishment of error budget and resolutions and comparison/synergy with results of satellite based nadir-pointing altimeters and(2) to retrieve scalar ocean surface mean square slope (MSS), which is related to sea roughness, wind speed and direction, with a GNSS spaceborne receiver to allow methodology testing, establishment of error budget and resolutions. As a secondary objective, 2D MSS (directional MSS) would be desirable.Secondary mission objectives, which increase the scientific value of the GEROS data, but are not driving the instrument developments, are:(1) to further explore the potential of GNSS radio occultation data (vertical profiles of atmospheric bending angle, refractivity, temperature, pressure, humidity and electron density), particularly in the Tropics, to detect changes in atmospheric temperature and climate relevant parameters (e.g., tropopause height) and to provide additional information for the analysis of the reflectometry data from GEROS and(2) to assess the potential of GNSS scatterometry for land applications and in particular to develop products such as soil moisture, vegetation biomass, and mid-latitudes snow/ice properties to better understand anthropogenic climate change. Scientific StudiesPart of the preparation of the GEROS mission and the work of the Science Advisory Group are dedicated scientific studies and campaigns. One example is an initial Observation System Simulation Experiment (OSSE), which is described in [1] to investigate the GEROS capability for the observation of highly energetic mesoscale ocean currents (eddies) with changes of <20 cm sea surface within regions of <100 km. Knowledge on these eddies is important for the characterisation of nutrients and/or pollutants with many societal and scientific applications. Presently the tracking and forecasting of eddies is limited due to the capability of the current ocean altimetry missions. The OSSE used artificial GEROS measurements (only GPS, 50 cm accuracy, 1 month) and a regional ocean model. Initial results indicate that GEROS data, even with measurements from only one GNSS and with conservative accuracy assumption, could be used to improve current regional ocean topography forecasting with special focus on highly energetic mesoscale currents. The OSSE investigations will be continued with data from additional GNSS satellites and from classical radar altimetry missions. Sea surface topography of the Gulf of Mexico, reconstructed within an OSSE [1] after one month of artificial GEROS GPS reflectometry measurements from the ISS (see text, control run: left; free: upper right; assimilation:lower right). The colors indicate mesoscale variations of the sea surface height [m] related to energetic eddies. The investigation of these phenomena is a major GEROS mission goal.Fig. left: Oceanic observations carry signals of a wide range of related processes. The observed fingerprints of these processes have temporal time scales from 1 hour to tens of thousands of years and spatial scales from ten to tens of thousands of kilometres. The figure illustrates the spatial and temporal scales for these processes and indicates phenomena, which can be investigated with GEROS data complementary to and distinct from, the planned NASA SWOT mission and ESA's and NASA's radar altimetry missions (Revised from [4]). source: https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.66574 | downloaded: 13.3.2017

GEROS-ISS: Innovative Ocean Remote Sensing using GNSS Reflectometry onboard the International Space Station

Online Research Database In Technology

                       General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.  • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal   If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.     Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Dec 18, 2017GEROS-ISS: Innovative Ocean Remote Sensing using GNSS Reflectometry onboardthe International Space StationWickert, Jens; Andersen, Ole Baltazar; Beyerle, George; Chapron, Bernard; Cardellach, Estel;Gommenginger, Christine; Høeg, Per; Jäggi, Adrian; Jakowski, Norbert; Kern, Michael; Lee, Tony;Martin-Neira, Manuel; Pierdicca, Nazzareno; Shum, C.K.; Zuffada, CinziaPublished in:Geophysical Research AbstractsPublication date:2014Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordLink back to DTU OrbitCitation (APA):Wickert, J., Andersen, O. B., Beyerle, G., Chapron, B., Cardellach, E., Gommenginger, C., ... Zuffada, C. (2014).GEROS-ISS: Innovative Ocean Remote Sensing using GNSS Reflectometry onboard the International SpaceStation. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 16, [EGU2014-6226].Geophysical Research AbstractsVol. 16, EGU2014-6226, 2014EGU General Assembly 2014© Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License.GEROS-ISS: Innovative Ocean Remote Sensing using GNSSReflectometry onboard the International Space StationJens Wickert (1), Ole Andersen (2), Georg Beyerle (1), Bertrand Chapron (3), Estel Cardellach (4), ChristineGommenginger (5), Per Hoeg (2), Adrian Jäggi (6), Norbert Jakowski (7), Michael Kern (8), Tony Lee (9),Manuel Martin-Neira (8), Nazzareno Pierdicca (10), Ck Shum (11), and Cinzia Zuffada (9)(1) GeoForschungszentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Division 1, Potsdam, Germany (jens.wickert@gfz-potsdam.de), (2) TechnicalUniversity of Denmark, (3) IFremer, France, (4) IEEC/ICE-CSIC, Institute of Space Sciences, Spain, (5) NationalOceanography Center, Southampton, U.K., (6) University Bern, Switzerland, (7) German Aerospace Center, Germany, (8)European Space Agency, (9) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, USA, (10) Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, (11) OhioState University, USAIn response to an European Space Agency (ESA) announcement of opportunity the GEROS-ISS (GEROS here-after) proposal was submitted in 2011 and accepted by ESA to proceed to Phase A. GEROS-ISS is an innovativeISS experiment primarily focused on exploiting reflected signals of opportunity from Global Navigation SatelliteSystems (GNSS) at L-band to measure key parameters of ocean surfaces. Secondary mission goals are remotesensing of land/ice surface parameters and global atmosphere and ionosphere observations using the GNSS radiooccultation technique. GEROS will pioneer the exploitation of signals from Galileo and possibly other GNSSsystems (GLONASS, QZSS, Beidou), for reflectometry and occultation, thereby improving the accuracy as wellas the spatio-temporal resolution of the derived geophysical properties.GEROS will contribute to the long-term S.I. traceable observation of the variations of major climate componentsof the Earth System: Oceans/Hydrosphere, Cryosphere/Snow, Atmosphere/Ionosphere and solid Earth/landcoverchanges with innovative and complementary aspects compared to current Earth Observation satellite missions.GEROS will mainly provide mid- and low-latitude observations on submesoscale or longer oceanic variabilitywith a focus on the coastal region, surface ocean currents, surface winds, wave heights for a period of atleast ten years. These observations will lead to a better understanding of the climate system. GEROS takesadvantage of the capacious infrastructure onboard the ISS for the payload setup. GEROS also provides a sensorcalibration/validation option for other upcoming satellite missions including ISS-RapidScatt, CYGNSS andFormoSAT-7/COSMIC-II.The definition of the GEROS mission and system requirements was completed end of 2013 and the industrialphase A studies are expected to start in early 2014. We overview the GEROS mission and review the status of theexperiment.

http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/92084150/EGU_GA2014_Abstract_6226.pdf

GEROS-ISS: Innovative Ocean Remote Sensing using GNSS Reflectometry onboard the International Space Station

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

Bern Open Repository and Information System (BORIS)

Online Research Database In Technology