Fredriksson-Ahomaa, M.

Giezendanner, N.

König, M.

Stephan, R.

Wacheck, S.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Elsevier - Publisher Connector 

Phenotypical and genotypical traits of Listeria monocytogens strains isolated from tonsils of wild boars hunted in Switzerland 

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fusion; interconnection with other networks (public health
agencies, hospitals, animal/zoonotic disease surveillance);
standard forms through an internet.
doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1841162 14
here n = sample size, t = value of the normal distribution
Student t) for a 95% conﬁdence level (t = 1.96), L = accepted
rror or precision (5%), and SD =weighted disease preva-
ence (%). With This technique, the number of animals
etermined for random sampling was 242; collected into
dentifed plastic bags; and observed at microscope.
Results: 194 (80.16%) positive to ticks; and 211 (79.92%)
ositive to ﬂeas Ctenocephalides spp.
Conclusion: Is considerable number of positives animals
nd to continue in the present conditions, this problem can
ake importance in the society, because frequently these
ogs are on different points from the town and can pass
he infection of other healthy animals, visitors and even the
ame family.
oi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1839
4.018
henotypical and genotypical traits of Listeria monocyto-
ens strains isolated from tonsils of wild boars hunted in
witzerland
. Wacheck1,∗, N. Giezendanner2, M. König3, M.
redriksson-Ahomaa1, R. Stephan2
Institute of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Fac-
lty, Oberschleißheim, Germany
Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene,
urich, Switzerland
Veterinary Affairs Service (SCAV), Geneva, Switzerland
Background: During the last decades, wild boar popula-
ions have increased in Europe and spread over the entire
ontinent. The population densities of wild boars in Switzer-
and are among the highest reported in Western Europe.
igh wild boar densities and increasing popularity of out-
oor ranging of fattening pigs may intensify the risk of
ontacts between wild boars and domestic pigs and, there-
ore, the transmission of microorganisms and parasites. With
his background and with the background of increasing per
apita consumption of wild boar meat and the high per
apita consumption of pork, knowledge of the situation of
he food-borne pathogens circulating in the wildlife popula-
ion is an important public health issue.
Methods: In this study, tonsils of 153 wild boars hunted
n the Western part of Switzerland were enriched overnight
n TSB and screened on the presence of L. monocyto-
enes using VIDAS®. Positive samples were cultured on two
elective agar media. Presumptive positive colonies were
iochemically identiﬁed. L. monocytogens strains were fur-
her characterized by serotyping and genotyping methods.
Results: L. monocytogenes are food-borne pathogens
hat are distributed in a wide variety of environments.
uman infection may lead to a serious and potentially life
hreatening illness known as listeriosis. Reports from the USA
how that L. monocytogenes infections are responsible for
he highest hospitalization rates (91%) amongst known food-
orne pathogens. L. monocytogenes were isolated from
onsils of twenty-six (17%) animals. Of the 26 isolates, 45%
ere of serotype 4b, 38% were of serotype 1/2a and 17%
ere of serotype 1/2b. Epidemiological data from different
ountries shows that the majority of human infection out-
reaks are primarily associated with three L. monocytogenesternational Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID) Abstracts
erotypes (1/2a, 1/2b and 4b), despite the fact that there
re 13 serotypes potentially capable of infecting humans.
urther genotyping results of the isolated strains will be
resented.
Conclusion: This study shows, that tonsils of wild boars
re not only a reservoir for Yersinia enterocolitica and
ersinia pseudotuberculosis, but also for Listeria monocy-
ogenes. This has mainly to be considered by the hunters,
ho may be handling carcasses under minimal hygiene con-
itions. Moreover, outside rearing of domestic pigs and close
ontact to wild boars may increase the risk of transmission.
oi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.1840
4.019
he ‘‘One Health’’ Initiative: Using open source data for
isease surveillance
. Greene
Science Applications International Corporation, McLean,
A, USA
Background: We have created a self-organizing ontology
hat allows us to organize and ﬁlter external data by relating
mail exchanges through their references into ‘‘reference-
onnected sets’’. These sets of messages can be generated
ynamically and constructed in real-time to identify sub-
ect categories (e.g. disease outbreaks) as they evolve. This
llows the ﬁltering of less important information into sets
f messages that uniquely identify events so the user is not
verwhelmed with irrelevant information.
Methods: This paper describes the approach as it is
pplied to ProMEDmail, an Internetbased system dedicated
o rapid global dissemination of information on infectiouis
iseases. This ofﬁcial program of the International Soci-
ty of Infectious Diseases has the largest reporting base of
ny health organization and can be used as a model for
bio-threat surveillance system that takes advantage of
ecentralized, Internet-based social networks.
Results: The presenter will demonstrate how the tech-
ique was used in an analysis of the evolution of pandemic
nﬂuenza messages. The presenter will also discuss the ben-
ﬁts of expanding the approach through new science and
echnology solutions to increase global health security.
Conclusion: A medical informatics solution to surveil-
ance of outbreaks of zoonotic diseases can be achieved
hrough user-friendly graphic interfaces; automated extrac-
ion and formatting of data; expert systems for epidemio-
ogic analysis; powerful algorithms for data and information


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Phenotypical and genotypical traits of Listeria monocytogens strains isolated from tonsils of wild boars hunted in Switzerland

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